PUT (T) FOR THE CORRECT SENTENCES.

THEN PUT (f)FOR THE WRONG

SENTENCES :-
T F
1 Wound is An injury to the body (as from violence, accident, or surgery ) T
that typically involves laceration or breaking of a membrane
2 Wound is An injury to the body (as from violence, accident, or surgery ) F
that typically involves just only laceration or breaking of a membrane
3 Types of Wounds Depending on the healing time of a wound, it T
.can be classified as acute or chronic

4 Types of Wounds Those classified as acute wounds heal uneventfully T

(with no complications )in the predicted amount of time.

5 Types of Wounds Those classified as acute wounds take a longer time to F

heal and might have some complications.
6 Types of Wounds Those classified as chronic wounds take a longer time to T
heal and might have some complications.
7 Types of Wounds Those classified as chronic wounds heal F
uneventfully (with no complications )in the predicted amount of time.
8 Clean wounds have no foreign materials or debris inside. T

9 Open wounds are wounds with exposed underlying tissue and/or organs T
that are open to the outside environment
10 Closed wounds have damage that occurs without exposing the underlying T
tissue and organs
11 Open wounds are wounds have damage that occurs without exposing the F
underlying tissue and organ

12 Closed wounds are wounds with exposed underlying tissue and/or organs F
that are open to the outside environment
13 Contaminated wounds or infected wounds might have dirt, fragments T
of the causative agent, bacteria or other foreign materials.

14 Clean wounds might have dirt, fragments of the causative agent, bacteria F
or other foreign materials
15 Contaminated wounds or infected wounds might have no foreign F
materials or debris inside
16 Internal wounds result from impaired immune and nervous system T
functions and/or decreased supply of blood, oxygen or nutrients to that
area
17 External wounds are usually caused by penetrating objects or T
nonpenetrating trauma
18 Penetrating wounds result from trauma that breaks through the full T
 thickness of skin; reaching down to the underlying tissue and organs
19 Non-penetrating wounds may include: T
Abrasions (scraping of the outer skin layer) Lacerations (a tear-like
wound) Contusions (swollen bruises
20 Non-penetrating wounds may result from trauma that breaks through F

the full thickness of skin; reaching down to the underlying tissue and
organs
1 Wounds present with painless , redness, swelling, bleeding and loss F
or impairment of function to the wounded area .

2 Wounds present with Symptoms may include fever, malodorous pus T

drainage and heat, particularly in cases of infection.

3 Wounds present with Symptoms may include fever, odorous pus F

drainage and heat, particularly in cases of infection
4 Wound infection presents with pus drainage, foul odor, fever, dull T
throbbing pain, mild swelling and heat at wound site.
5 Inflamed wounds are hot, red, painful, swollen and hard to move. T

6 Inflamed wounds are hot, red, painless , swollen and hard to move. F

7 Inflamed wounds are hot, red, painful, swollen and easy to move. F

8 All human beings are at risk for sustaining or developing wounds, but the T
risk is higher in children
9 All human beings are at risk for sustaining or developing wounds, but the F
risk is less in adult
10 Common general postoperative complications include postoperative T
fever, atelectasis, wound infection, embolism and deep vein thrombosis
(DVT.)

11 Common general postoperative complications include postoperative fever, F

atelectasis, wound infection, empyema and deep vein thrombosis (DVT.)

12 Common general pre-operative complications include postoperative fever, F

atelectasis, wound infection, embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT.)

13 Primary haemorrhage following postoperative increase in blood F

pressure - )replace blood loss and may require return to theatre to
reexplore the wound.
14 Low urine output inadequate fluid replacement may occur T
intraoperatively and postoperatively.
15 High urine output inadequate fluid replacement may occur F
intraoperatively and postoperatively.

16 Postoperative fever within Days 0-2 Mild fever (temperature <38°C) T

17 Postoperative fever within Days 0-2 Mild fever (temperature >38°C) F
18 Postoperative fever within Days 0-2 Persistent fever (temperature T
>38°C)
19 Postoperative fever within Days 0-2 Persistent fever (temperature F
<38°C)

20 Postoperative fever within Days 3-5 Mild fever (temperature <38°C) F

1 Postoperative fever within Days 3-5 Persistent fever (temperature F

>38°C)

2 Respiratory complications occur after major surgery, particularly after T

general anesthesia
3 Respiratory complications occur after major surgery, particularly after F
local anesthesia
4 If the clotting screen is abnormal, give fresh frozen plasma (FFP )or T
platelet concentrates
5 If the clotting screen is abnormal, give fresh frozen plasma (FFP )or red F
blood cells
6 If the clotting screen is abnormal, give white blood cells (FFP )or red F
blood cells
7 Late postoperative haemorrhage occurs several days after surgery T
and is usually due to infection damaging vessels at the operation site .

8 Late postoperative haemorrhage occurs several weeks after surgery F

and is usually due to infection damaging vessels at the operation site .

9 Infectious complications are the main causes of postoperative T

morbidity in abdominal surgery .

10 Infectious complications are the main causes of postoperative F

morbidity in heart surgery .

11 Wound infection :the most common form is superficial wound infection T

occurring within the first week, presenting as localised pain
12 Wound infection :the most common form is superficial wound infection F
occurring within the third week, presenting as localised pain

13 Factors which may affect healing rate are: Poor blood supply.and T
 Excess suture tension
14 Factors which may affect healing rate are:rich blood supply dna. Excess F
suture tension Long-term steroids

15 Factors which may affect healing rate are:poor blood supply dna. Excess F
suture tension short-term steroids

16 Factors which may affect healing rate are:poor blood supply dna. Excess T
suture tension Long-term steroids

17 Unavoidable tissue damage to nerves may occur during many types of T

surgery -eg, facial nerve damage during total parotidectomy

18 An avoidable tissue damage to nerves may occur during many types of F

surgery -eg, facial nerve damage during total parotidectomy

19 Pneumonia :requires antibiotics, and physiotherapy. T

20 Pneumonia :requires only antibiotics F

1 Pneumonia :requires only physiotherapy. F

2 Acute respiratory distress syndrome:Rapid, shallow breathing, severe T
hypoxaemia with scattered crepitations but no cough, chest pains or
haemoptysis, appearing 24-48 hours after surgery.
3 Acute respiratory distress syndrome:Rapid, shallow breathing, severe F
hypoxaemia with scattered crepitations cough, chest pains or
haemoptysis, appearing 24-48 hours after surgery.
4 Acute respiratory distress syndrome:Rapid, shallow breathing, severe F
hypoxaemia with scattered crepitations but no cough, chest pains or
haemoptysis, appearing 4-5 hours after surgery.
5 Acute respiratory distress syndrome:Rapid, deep breathing, severe F
hypoxaemia with scattered crepitations but no cough, chest pains or
haemoptysis, appearing 24-48 hours after surgery.
6 Acute respiratory distress syndrome:siow, shallow breathing, severe F
hypoxaemia with scattered crepitations but no cough, chest pains or
haemoptysis, appearing 24-48 hours after surgery.
7 Acute respiratory distress syndrome:Rapid, shallow breathing, severe F
hypoxaemia with scattered crepitations but no cough, chest pains or
haemoptysis, appearing 24-48 hours before esurgery.
8 DVT and pulmonary embolism are major causes of complications and T
death after surgery.
9 Urinary retention is a common immediate postoperative complication T
that can often be dealt with conservatively with adequate analgesia .
10 Urinary retention is a common secondary postoperative complication that F
can often be dealt with conservatively with adequate analgesia .
11 Shock is defined as a state of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to reduced T
oxygen delivery and/or increased oxygen consumption
12 Hypovolemic shock, the most common type, is caused by insufficient T
circulating volume, typically from hemorrhage
13 Hypovolemic shock is graded on a four-point scale depending on the T
severity of symptoms and level of blood loss.
14 Hypovolemic shock is graded on a five-point scale depending on the F
severity of symptoms and level of blood loss.
15 Typical symptoms of Hypovolemic shock include a rapid, weak pulse due T
to decreased blood flow combined with tachycardia, cool, clammy skin,
and rapid and shallow breathing
16 Typical symptoms of Hypovolemic shock include a rapid, F
strong pulse due to decreased blood flow combined with tachycardia,
cool, clammy skin, and rapid and shallow breathing
17 Typical symptoms of Hypovolemic shock include a slow , weak pulse due F
to decreased blood flow combined with tachycardia, cool, clammy skin,
and rapid and shallow breathing
18 Typical symptoms of Hypovolemic shock include a rapid, weak pulse due F
to increased blood flow combined with tachycardia, cool, clammy skin,
and rapid and shallow breathing
19 Typical symptoms of Hypovolemic shock include a rapid, weak pulse due F
to decreased blood flow combined with bradycardia, cool, clammy skin,
and rapid and shallow breathing
20 Typical symptoms of Hypovolemic shock include a rapid, weak pulse due F
to decreased blood flow combined with tachycardia, cool, clammy skin,
and slow and shallow breathing

1 Cardiogenic shock is caused by a failure of the heart to pump correctly,

either due to damage to the heart muscle through myocardial infarction
2 Hypovolemic shock is caused by a failure of the heart to pump correctly, F
either due to damage to the heart muscle through myocardial infarction
3 Obstructive shock is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of the T
heart .This typically occurs due to a reduction in venous return
4 Cardiogenic shock is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of the F
heart .This typically occurs due to a reduction in venous return
5 Distributive shock is caused by an abnormal distribution of blood to T
tissues and organs and includes septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic
causes
6 Septic shock is the most common cause of distributive shock and is T
caused by an overwhelming systemic infection that cannot be cleared by
the immune system, resulting in vasodilation and hypotension
7 Hypovolemic shock is the most common cause of distributive shock and is F
caused by an overwhelming systemic infection that cannot be cleared by
the immune system, resulting in vasodilation and hypotension
 8 Anaphylactic shock is caused by a severe reaction to an allergen, leading T
to the release of histamine that causes widespread vasodilation and
hypotension.
9 Septic shock is caused by a severe reaction to an allergen, leading to the F
release of histamine that causes widespread vasodilation and
hypotension.
10 Neurogenic shock arises due to damage to the central nervous system, T
which impairs cardiac function by reducing heart rate and loosening the
blood vessel tone, resulting in severe hypotension
11 Cardiogenic shock arises due to damage to the central nervous system, F
which impairs cardiac function by reducing heart rate and loosening the
blood vessel tone, resulting in severe hypotension
12 Hernias are caused by a combination of muscle weakness and strain. T
13 Femoral hernia occur when abdominal contents protrude through to the T
groin area.
14 Femoral hernia is intra-abdominal tissue pokes through the abdomen, F
near the naval area .These hernias are more common among pregnant
women and obese people
15 Umbilical hernia is intra-abdominal tissue pokes through the abdomen, T
near the naval area .These hernias are more common among pregnant
women and obese people
16 A hiatus hernia occurs when part of the stomach or intestine protrudes T
into the chest area through a hole in the diaphragm
17 Umbilical hernia occurs when part of the stomach or intestine protrudes F
into the chest area through a hole in the diaphragm
18 Epigastric hernia :Fatty tissue protrudes through the abdomen in the area T
between the belly button and the breast bone.

19 Spigelian hernia :Fatty tissue protrudes through the abdomen in the area F
between the belly button and the breast bone.

20 Spigelian hernia A bowel part protrudes through the abdomen, below the T
belly button and at the side of the abdominal muscle.

1 Intraparietal hernias are hernias that do not reach the subcutis and only T
protrude as far as the musculoaponeurotic layer.

2 Intraparietal hernias are hernias that reach the subcutis and only F
protrude as far as the musculoaponeurotic layer.
3 Internal hernias protrude within the body, while external hernias T
protrude through to the outside of the body.

4 external hernias protrude within the body, while internal hernias F

protrude through to the outside of the body.
 5 Inflammation of the appendix usually associated with infection of the T
appendix. Appendicitis often causes fever, loss of appetite, and pain.

6 Inflammation of the appendix usually associated with infection of the F

appendix. Appendicitis often causes fever, loss of appetite, but no pain.

7 An appendectomy is surgery to remove the appendix when it is infected . T

Appendectomy is a common emergency surgery.

8 An Appendicitis is surgery to remove the appendix when it is infected . F

Appendectomy is a common emergency surgery.

9 Open appendectomy. A cut or incision about 2 to 4 inches long is made in T

the lower right-hand side of your belly or abdomen .The appendix is
taken out through the incision
10 Laparoscopic appendectomy. A cut or incision about 2 to 4 inches long is F
made in the lower right-hand side of your belly or abdomen .The
appendix is taken out through the incision
11 Laparoscopic appendectomy. This method is less invasive .That means it’s T
done without a large incision .Instead, from 1 to 3 tiny cuts are made
12 Open appendectomy. This method is less invasive .That means it’s done F
without a large incision .Instead, from 1 to 3 tiny cuts are made
13 Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder T
14 Cholecystitis is inflammation of the bladder F

15 Symptoms 0f Cholecystitis Right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, T

and occasionally fever.
16 Symptoms 0f Cholecystitis left upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, F
and occasionally fever.
17 Complications of acute cholecystitis include gallstone pancreatitis, T
common bile duct stones, or inflammation of the common bile duct.

18 Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the thyroid T

gland is removed.
19 Hypoparathyroidism with subsequent decreased production of T
parathyroid hormone leads to decreased serum calcium .

20 Hypoparathyroidism with subsequent increased production of F

parathyroid hormone leads to decreased serum calcium .

1 Hypoparathyroidism with subsequent decreased production of thyroid F

hormone leads to decreased serum calcium .
 2 Acute hypocalcemia generally presents at 24-48 hours as laryngeal stridor T
and airway obstruction.

3 Acute hyperkalemia generally presents at 24-48 hours as laryngeal stridor F

and airway obstruction.

4 Airway obstruction :In the first 24 hours is most likely from compressive T
hematoma .After 24 hours consider laryngeal dysfunction secondary to
hypocalcemia
5 Airway obstruction :In the first 24 hours is most likely from compressive F
hematoma .After 36 hours consider laryngeal dysfunction secondary to
hypocalcemia
6 Airway obstruction :In the first 24 hours is most likely from compressive F
hematoma .After 24 hours consider laryngeal dysfunction secondary to
hyperkalemia
7 Types of Wounds classified as acute wounds heal uneventfully (with no T
the complications )in predicted amount of time
8 Types of Wounds classified as chronic wounds heal uneventfully (with no F
the complications )in predicted amount of time
9 Types of Wounds classified as chronic wounds take a longer time to heal T
and might have some complications
10 Types of Wounds classified as acute wounds take a longer time to heal F
and might have some complications
Match between the column
b 1. chronic wounds a. heal uneventfully (with no the complications ) in
predicted amount of time.
a 2. acute wounds b. take a longer time to heal and might have some
complications.

c 3. Open wounds c. are wounds with exposed underlying tissue

and/or organs that are open to the outside
environment
e 4. Closed wounds d. wounds have no foreign materials or debris
inside.

d 5. Clean wounds e. have damage that occurs without exposing the

underlying tissue and organs (non-penetrating
wounds.)

f. might have dirt, fragments of the causative agent,

bacteria or other foreign materials.

b 1. chronic wounds a. heal uneventfully (with no the complications )in

predicted amount of time.
a 2. acute wounds b. take a longer time to heal and might have some
complications.

c 3. Open wounds c. are wounds with exposed underlying tissue and/or

organs that are open to the outside environment

e 4. Closed wounds d. Clean wounds have no foreign materials or debris

inside.

f 5. Contaminated e. have damage that occurs without exposing the

wounds underlying tissue and organs (non-penetrating
wounds.)

f. might have dirt, fragments of the causative agent,

bacteria or other foreign materials.
b 1. Internal wounds a. are wounds with exposed underlying tissue and/or
organs that are open to the outside environment

a 2. Open wounds b. result from impaired immune and nervous system

functions and/or decreased supply of blood,
oxygen or nutrients to that area
c 3. External wounds c. are usually caused by penetrating objects or
nonpenetrating traum
e 4. Closed wounds d. heal uneventfully (with no the complications )in
predicted amount of time.
f 5. chronic wounds e. have damage that occurs without exposing the
underlying tissue and organs (non-penetrating
wounds).
f. take a longer time to heal and might have some
complications.

b 1. Lacerations a. (scraping of the outer skin layer)

a 2. Abrasions b. (a tear-like wound)

f 3. Clean wounds c. (swollen bruises due to accumulation of blood and

dead cells under skin).

c 4. Contusions d. (damage to the underlying organs and tissue on

head with no significant external wound)

d 5. Concussions e. have dirt, fragments of the causative agent,

bacteria or other foreign materials.
f. wounds have no foreign materials or debris inside
c 1. Acute respiratory distress
syndrome
d 2. Pulmonary embolism
a 3. Aspiration pneumonitis
b 4. Thromboembolism
e 5. acute wounds
c 1. Cardiogenic shock
d 2. Distributive shock
a 3. Hypovolemic shock
e 4. Septic shock
b 5. Obstructive shock
a. Sterile inflammation of the lungs from
inhaling gastric contents.
b. DVT and pulmonary embolism are major
causes of complications and death after
surgery.
c. Rapid, shallow breathing, severe
hypoxaemia with scattered crepitations
but no cough, chest pains or
haemoptysis
d. sudden dyspnoea and cardiovascular
collapse with pleuritic chest pain, pleural
rub and haemoptysis.
e. heal uneventfully (with no the
complications )in predicted amount of
time.
f. take a longer time to heal and might have
some complications.
a. , the most common type, is caused by insufficient
circulating volume, typically from hemorrhage
although severe vomiting and diarrhea are also
potential causes.
b. is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of
the heart.
c. is caused by a failure of the heart to pump correctly
d. is caused by an abnormal distribution of blood to
tissues and organs and includes septic,
anaphylactic, and neurogenic causes.
e. is the most common cause of distributive shock and
is caused by an overwhelming
systemic infection that cannot be cleared by the
immune system,
f. is caused by a severe reaction to an allergen, leading
to the release of histamine that causes widespread
 vasodilation and hypotension.

f 1. Anaphylactic shock a. , the most common type, is caused by insufficient

circulating volume, typically from hemorrhage
although severe vomiting and diarrhea are also
potential causes.

d 2. Distributive shock b. is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of

the heart.
a 3. Hypovolemic shock c. is caused by a failure of the heart to pump correctly

e 4. Septic shock d. is caused by an abnormal distribution of blood to

tissues and organs and includes septic,
anaphylactic, and neurogenic causes.
b 5. Obstructive shock e. is the most common cause of distributive shock and
is caused by an overwhelming
systemic infection that cannot be cleared by the
immune system,
f. is caused by a severe reaction to an allergen, leading
to the release of histamine that causes
widespread vasodilation and hypotension.

f 1. Anaphylactic shock a. , the most common type, is caused by insufficient

circulating volume, typically from hemorrhage
although severe vomiting and diarrhea are also
potential causes.

d 2. Neurogenic shock b. is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of

the heart.
a 3. Hypovolemic shock c. is caused by a failure of the heart to pump correctly

e 4. Septic shock d. arises due to damage to the central nervous

system, which impairs cardiac function by
reducing heart rate and loosening the blood vessel
tone, resulting in severe hypotension.

b 5. Obstructive shock e. is the most common cause of distributive shock and

is caused by an overwhelming
systemic infection that cannot be cleared by the
 immune system,
f. is caused by a severe reaction to an allergen, leading
to the release of histamine that causes
widespread vasodilation and hypotension.

d 1. Femoral hernia a. Here, intra-abdominal tissue pokes through the

abdomen, near the naval area.
a 2. Umbilical hernia b. occur when bowel tissue or fatty tissue protrudes
into the groin area at the top of the thigh.
b 3. Inguinal hernias c. occurs when part of the stomach or intestine
protrudes into the chest area through a hole in
the diaphragm.

c 4. A hiatus hernia d. These also occur when abdominal contents

protrude through to the groin area
e 5. Epigastric hernia e. :Fatty tissue protrudes through the abdomen in
the area between the belly button and the breast
bone.

f. A bowel part protrudes through the abdomen,

below the belly button and at the side of the
abdominal muscle.

b 1. Muscle hernia a. : These occur when a piece of tissue protrudes

through a surgical wound that has not healed
properly.

a 2. Incisional hernia b. :A piece of muscle pokes through the abdomen.

d 3. Epigastric hernia c. :A bowel part protrudes through the abdomen,

below the belly button and at the side of the
abdominal muscle.

c 4. Spigelian hernia d. Fatty tissue protrudes through the abdomen in the

area between the belly button and the breast
bone.
e 5. Inguinal hernias e. occur when bowel tissue or fatty tissue protrudes
 into the groin area at the top of the thigh.
f. occurs when part of the stomach or intestine
protrudes into the chest area through a hole in
the diaphragm.

Choose the correct answer

1-…………………… it takes a longer time to heal and might have some complications.

a. chronic wounds

b. acute wounds

c. Open wounds
d. Closed wounds

2-…………………. have damage that occurs without exposing the underlying tissue and
)organs (non-penetrating wounds

a. chronic wounds

b. acute wounds

c. Open wounds
d. Closed wounds

3-…………….. heal uneventfully with no the complications in predicted amount of time.

a. chronic wounds

b. acute wounds

c. Open wounds
d. Closed wounds
4-………………. result from impaired immune and nervous system functions and/or decreased
supply of blood, oxygen or nutrients to that area

a. Internal wounds
b. Open wounds
c. External wounds
d. Closed wounds

5-…………………..are usually caused by penetrating objects or non-penetrating trauma

a. Internal wounds
b. Open wounds
c. External wounds
d. Closed wounds

6- Lacerations are ………………………………

a. (scraping of the outer skin layer)

b. (a tear-like wound
c. (swollen bruises due to accumulation of blood and dead
cells under skin
d. (damage to the underlying organs and tissue on head with
no significant external wound)

7- Abrasions are …………………………………

a. (scraping of the outer skin layer)

b. (a tear-like wound
c. (swollen bruises due to accumulation of blood and dead
cells under skin
d. (damage to the underlying organs and tissue on head with
no significant external wound)

8-Contusions are ………………………………

a. (scraping of the outer skin layer)

b. (a tear-like wound
c. (swollen bruises due to accumulation of blood and
dead cells under skin
d. (damage to the underlying organs and tissue on
head with no significant external wound)
9- ……………………. Is Rapid, shallow breathing, severe hypoxaemia with scattered
crepitations but no cough, chest pains or haemoptysis

a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome

b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Aspiration pneumonitis

d. Thromboembolism

10- ……………….. is Sterile inflammation of the lungs from inhaling gastric contents.

a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome

b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Aspiration pneumonitis

d. Thromboembolism

11- ……………………. DVT and pulmonary embolism are major causes of complications and
death after surgery.

a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome

b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Aspiration pneumonitis

d. Thromboembolism

12- ………………… is a sudden dyspnoea and cardiovascular collapse with pleuritic chest pain,
pleural rub and haemoptysis.

a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome

b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Aspiration pneumonitis

d. Thromboembolism

13- ……………….. is the most common type, is caused by insufficient circulating volume,
typically from hemorrhage although severe vomiting and diarrhea are also potential
causes.

a.Cardiogenic shock
b.Distributive shock
 c. Hypovolemic shock

d.Septic shock

14- ………………..is caused by an abnormal distribution of blood to tissues and organs and
includes septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic causes

a. Cardiogenic shock
b. Distributive shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Septic shock

15- ………………… is the most common cause of distributive shock and is caused by an
overwhelming systemic infection that cannot be cleared by the immune system,

a. Cardiogenic shock
b. Distributive shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Septic shock

16- ………………………. is caused by a failure of the heart to pump correctly

a. Cardiogenic shock
b. Distributive shock
c. Hypovolemic shock
d. Septic shock

17 - …………………. occur when bowel tissue or fatty tissue protrudes into the groin area
at the top of the thigh.

a. Femoral hernia
b. Umbilical hernia
c. Inguinal hernias
d. A hiatus hernia

18 ………………..These also occur when abdominal contents protrude through to the

groin area

a. Femoral hernia
b. Umbilical hernia
 c. Inguinal hernias
d. A hiatus hernia

19- …………………….. Here, intra-abdominal tissue pokes through the abdomen, near the naval
area

a. Femoral hernia
b. Umbilical hernia
c. Inguinal hernias
d. A hiatus hernia

20- …………………………………. occurs when part of the stomach or intestine protrudes into the
chest area through a hole in the diaphragm.

a. Femoral hernia
b. Umbilical hernia
c. Inguinal hernias
d. A hiatus hernia
21- …………………….. A piece of muscle pokes through the abdomen.

a. Muscle hernia
b. Incisional hernia
c. Epigastric hernia
d. Spigelian hernia

22- ………………….. occur when a piece of tissue protrudes through a surgical wound that has
not healed properly.

a. Muscle hernia
b. Incisional hernia
c. Epigastric hernia
d. Spigelian hernia

23- ……………….. Fatty tissue protrudes through the abdomen in the area between the belly
button and the breast bone.

a. Muscle hernia
b. Incisional hernia
c. Epigastric hernia
d. Spigelian hernia
24 - …………………… A bowel part protrudes through the abdomen, below the belly button and
at the side of the abdominal muscle.

a. Muscle hernia
b. Incisional hernia
c. Epigastric hernia
d. Spigelian hernia