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a) wqqwumU,pg wr.iw2. brat; WJU 'lP4W6 t hnquw4p rallmt LL · gmJg t b) cttulllw4wu 61.L - negati~e
U'lWLtiu' wllprnw QUlllwu!Jp. The Pe.trosyans, the Browns.. ·· · lamnat .,...
b) ti~. lllbuw4n ,dl:i2 bqw4J1. . wriwpljw gntJg llll!n11 · qn1w4~Cibpti· hl:illl. You 'ilre h~t (you aren't)
· T~ ·$_un-wpb, Themoon-1muflu: . ... . :; i'· . He, she, it is not (isn't)
• ! •,

c) npn 2 wplllwhw11,nn~~Jmu ubpn ul,.tiug4bu optiuw4' · .. :i~n. We are not (aren't) '\ ' ·· \ ·'

. in t~~ moming, i(1 the ane.moon · · .'\l"'i You are nof {yOL/ aren't)
. .'.) ' . .
.. :. 'iH1. They are not(aren't_)" .'
. 2. ·. µu4uwfjw4 uU7y.tqw/Jwu L. .gmgw[Jwu this. tbat nbntµlfluuann:
c) <wrigw4wu 6ll- interrogative-: ·
U£J60wywu ;!\bnwum(lut;n .. Pers<>nal pronouns · '' \·' IC . Ami? .·" >, '· ·· · .\· ·· .· .... ·· . . I

Nomi.native case .· . ' ; I . ' ·; I: ( '

Areyou'? ·1•• 1 . ,. . . ·•• . · . ,... , · . . •
1 { ! ';-.

.: .. ) '. . .
~ . ,_, ;

I [a1) - _
bu . . We (wi:]· - lll:iup Is he, she, it? ,' . t t J' I , .

You 'OuJ - 11nt · ' Ym.i Ou:] - 11i1Lp ' l ·

Are we? ' . '. · .' .):" '\, ,·· ·

He [hi:] - uw (wpw4wu ubr.i) They [oe1) - upwu9 >Are -you?.. '. ·-" · . ~ ,. ' ",

She Ui:] - uw (j'lqw4wu ubr.i) ,, ·Are they?·· ._: ..·. .....

' ·.i; ·
.. . .' :i. •'.( ,.·. ~....F" ~ i ~'.. .:. ;...'.~;: ~: ' '
It [it] - WJU (qnpow64mll t wowri4w gmJg llltln11 qnJw4wCij'l lfmtuwr\bCI) .\ ' ·. t I

4. fluJJhuhU7hl/ lUunonz nlinpwrJ Infinitive. ... · · : ·· ·. ' ·· ·

Ulllwgwywu nbnwumuul:in - Possessive pronouns l . . ..

.·. .uu~L ti(ll:iumu .,P~Jr .tiu.1>nqnlllr4'a \H.J'tmof1z ~~op~fo ;lii(J~ujdmtl t

Possessive ~ease . ' . ... .
PWJP gmJg ll14w6 qnp6'n~m~Jm(Jo: t°'I1.1>.tiD~ufqH ·u~HJY~";l' ~~-(~~1:Awu:
1 1 .: •. :
• • ..

1. 1
uti4n. _npn .4wlllwpmll t yQLJ9 11~ro. flu~ . "'.'LL((, -lit.Mb112wllnJlnL.PinfJ(Jl:ipn
My [mar] - till Our [au3:)- llbp · :··· hWjbpb(Jf)Lll: ,. . . . .. . .' . . . . . . .
Your O:>:l ·.:. Jm · Your Uo:] - 6011 · · · · , !· .._ l ; : ~ , • : : , ! I " .. ;

His [hiz] - upw · Their{ae:>:J.: upwOg· :· ·. to take - l/li(1gub1 ·· '

'

:....
I • •

. .. .. ~ : ..
Her [h3:] - uriw i • '
togo-quw1
Its [its] - upw, 1111w
' ·' . t ..

...·. tocome-qw1
,\ ' • '., ' ' ' • '· '.1; ' I ,, ' ' ' : ; ~. •)

5. {flwllw1w/Jwu bnwuw{/ - lmp.eratjvf! moO<J..

Smgw4wu otnwuntuCJl:io.:. 'Oemonstrative · Pro~ddns
. . I • . . . . .
,:· .·' . ,,: '

· .. \..1 '< ".· i .· ·.1 . ' ... .. '.. '

This [<lis) • UW, l'}W, WJU UIJQLb(lbumll hpwllw1w4wu l:i11wuw_lj(J 4wrmLg4mll t pwJj'l m11ti11
That (<Jret] - WJll, WJU 61.Ln4 w12wug to llwuutiL~ti. ··

if
Take the book- l/b{1g{1m Q/1f1PO goose [gu:Zj · - geese [gi:zj -uwq
Come to the blackboard - Wf1/1 Qf1WtnW/utnWl//1 tlntn mouse[maus] - mice fmaIS] -llmlj .
Make a plan - 0-f1WQ/1f1 ljwqtl/1{1 ox f:Jks] .- oxen /':Jksan] -gnL/ ·.
tishffiD -fish ffiD -<Jnilj
deer{dia:] - deer ['dia:] - brzfi/11/ ·
Lesson 3 ~ . '

Lwu7/71iwqwu 1/m/Vwomra1n1uubf1 ·
1. Gf1JwljwfJubf1/1 li gmgwqwfJ fJbf1wumfJfJ4f!/1. hnquwljf1 rJ/'it./!J:
sing. pl.
2.UtnwgwqwfJ hn1nl/, ofuwfufJ/1f1!J: · ...' .
3. Sbrzwgm1g·fJw/ufJ/1f1Ubf1: formula['f:J:mjula] -formulae {'f:J:mjuiI} .~ pwfJUidl.i
' datum {'de1t:Jmj - data rdeJtaj ' ' ' ' ~ tni/Jtil/
stratum (stre/tam] - strata ['stre1ta] ' .,,
• ( 1,
: 2bf1tn '
radius {'re1dias] - r8dlif re1dii11] · · .'-2WdWl//1fJ '
ClnJw4wuubpn llb6wllwuumra1wu hnqfJLlJ4nu 4wqll4,mll . \f -s .nucleus (njukliiJs] ..~nuclei {ilfakliaij · ~ ll/1pm (/ ··· ·
:·' ' '•

4.bl12W4_npnqaj.Wllp; nu4 -S, -SS, ·:X, ·Ch, ,;.Sh, -0 U'lWl2bpO\l l.t fungus[fu}gas]' ';...fungi (fAl}ga4 ···· '. ·...;.;.um
'\ · ·' i i : ' .
fill
r'
U'lWDw4wl4w~gmraJmuubpn4. 4.b112wgnri. hnllpbpn 11buwmu.it -es
4.b112w4.n11mraJwllp: : 1 <m uwljw[J tfinjuwomfiJ}niuiili{1
book- books, boy- boys, fc;lrm - farms sing. pl. ~ · · · ·
box - boxes, tomato - tomatoes, dress - dresses, match - mat(:hes analysis fa 'n;clisiz]- an8/y$es fa 'melisi:z) - wfJwf/1q
crab qnJw4wun hMpo 4.b112wumll t -y U'lwomL · .npnu basis {be1sis] -bases f'be1si:z] · -h/1tlR -' :
uw!tJnp11mll t ewflW~WJU, WL4W -y U'lWDIJ l(ln!tJwpnu4_mll t i.U'lWl2R4, Lt crisis {'kra1sis] - cris~s ['knusi.z/ ·. . - i!qfit)Jdwo
w4,btwg4,mll t -es. :· thesis l_'()i:sis] - th~ses te1:·sj:z/ :' • -qfmLJffe , · · · ·.
c/tr,-.cities, country- c~11trie~ .· · . . . . .. .. phenomenon ffi'n:Jm/ij;mj..:.. phenop~~a fli'n~mJna) .~ b{1b.ni11?.
· ...· f\ulf t:nat llb112wum~'J -f U'lw11n4.. ~nl\Jwnnu4.mll t vJnwon4. .L.
4114~u ' lJJqbtwg4,riLll t -~S. . . .
1
,· . . • .
News qnJw4wuo Lt qnU'lmra1muub11n ·· wumuubpo npnup
· Shelf..:.. shelves, leaf~ leaves, wife ..... wives · 4.b112wumll bu -ics 4PP2UJ4w.ugn4, (mathemati~, phisic;, optics,
UIJqLbpbumll 4wu lln !tJmllp qnJw4wuubp, npnup hnq0w4n pho(letics), nLUOU bqw~fl f0,4.fl n.~l,lJUU'l: . . .
4wqllbtnu 1bCJ burawri44.mll Llbrio u2Ltw6 4wunuu~11nu. ,. What is the news this evening?
Ma(hem~tics is a very infet:esting $Ubjeqt.
i''.·
,. sing. pl.
' ' : ' I • ' • 1. •:-•. ' .

manfm~n] -men/men] • Ll1fJWtlW{1fJ '. ~n~g~~w~ 11bpwumu~opn h~quw~h· ran4.o '

woman fwumn] - women {Piimin] . '-l//1fJ Plural of demonstrative pronouns
tooth [tu:()] -teeth fti:B] • WtnWtl
·'foot [fu:t] - feetffi:t] · · :' -ntnR Th(s - these [bi:s]- Uf1WUR .. '

That- those fb:Juz] - fJf1WUJJ

,.\2
"" 13
 Owun,amp;mu. Liwnunn t hh2bt, nri hwJl:ipl:iumtl gmgw4wu Near, next, to, at. by - Linrrnnu. tlmn
11l:i11wumunLt Wflll1WhWJU1Llw6 n11n2h1h u nnn2Jwtti l1ti2u 4w Behind - bll11.intt1
hwt1w6wJumraJmu QUU1 fOLlti' Opposite), in front of - 11bl1Q, 11tit1wg, w12w2:
This book - th(3se books Over - Ltnw (Llbnumtl) .
That girl - those girls The lamp is over the table -L1.f1t1U/[] ubqwu/1 tfbf1lu1Lil t:
Above - pwn6ri
Ull1wgw4wu hntnll Above s~a level - ont{/1 qw/jbf1Lntff#1g pwf1df1: .., ,

Below - gwop . . ·
Uuqtbnl:iuh ull1wgw4wu hntnllo gm.Jg t . ll1Wttiu 10 degrees below zero- 10 wuf!1/1ifw{J q[1n/7g gw6{1:
1!1Wll14wCJbtmraJmu u 4wql1Ltmll t pwnwhtillDhCJ 's w~wrawrga To - flbl!ltl (hw6lU!u !h rawnqtlwCu{nul hwJt;pbu)
wLtbtwglJbtnll' Go fl) the blackboard - quw Qf1Wu11µjuthw/j/1 llmn: . . ": .
The man's hat- ilWflflnL Q//uW{ll/lJ · 1
•
Out of.~ - ~h2hQ. (lbnutig 11mnu . ·. . .
The girl's eyes - .wq.pljw.w1pbf1[] . · Take ,the book out of the bag ~ h!..uubgbp Q/1f1Pll U/WJ.nLuµJ[/flg
<nquw4ti, ·uu:1wgw4wuo 4wql)l:ittiu wllb1wg4nul t upwJfJ (U/tilfmuw/j/1 tl/1pf1g): , · , ' · . ,·:.
w~wrawnga' · .· . ,: Into - ubpu, ll~·2. 11nutig ubnu .,
The boys'.t~es ~ L11qwub{1/1 t/mrfl/WU/Ubf10 .:. . . . . , . .,, · . fut the book into the bag -1J11f;'p Q/1f1PO U/WJnww/j/1 ilbg: ·:
The students.' ~nS,w.er - m ~l!;!urmf!bfl/1 U/Wll1wu/uw/J~fiPB .,.;, . ... From - i.unll1whwJU1nul t hwJbnbuh pwgwow4wu hntm.lh pllwull1a
"lwlll4u1Cibt~Lfc1JnLUD 4wnnrt t (Jwu wplllWhWJU1bl 'O~+rp1JUJ[/WU ,. Take th~ book from Aram - tfbf1gf1b'p 'q/1f1Pll ll{1wilf1g: · . ·;
4w~w4gmiaJmua' · ·· · Along - bfl4wJupm{ . . · . · .
The man''s hat= the hat of the.man Walk along th/$ road- PWJ/GP uifu.'1U!OiuU/wf1h/1 bf11/U1Jup~i/. · '·'
··· The girl's eyes =the eyes of the girl Through' .;;;.· ~n2nll · · · ·· · .· · ··· · · ·
Of uwiu11tina 4wnnrt t wnl.flwhwJlllbl t:iw~ · . hwJbrbuh Through the forest - wuL11wnf1 il/1pntf.; · · · · · ···
pwgwriw4wu hritn~ttJ;1t1wuu1n" · . . . .. · Across;- i1Jhtu4nrtlla · ·.:.··
Three of the books - Qf1Pbn/1g GflbPIJ .... .. . .. Walk acrosfthe street- wugbp c/m~ng/1 tljmu ljnqilo: . I '
; ·. I

One ofmf'frfehds'- /111 of11/l1(1UG[1/1U iltil/(J . : . ..• . ..

. 's,..~~w~.wr'tgo ~bnwn~ubL.ti. t ·qnf1.ol!J~bt wJ.u 11b~bP~,tll, bnp Vocabulary"
··'
uU1wgw4wfJ' (ut:mw4wu) hntnltmll qlllullnrt pwua 2u1Llnlnn t · . l · r•
'
. Aram's qqo~ - U{lwil/1 q/1f1Pll: · .; ;. , ..., 1.student, n . . · . - [' stju:dant] - nL.µw·unrt ,,
' ~' '. ,,

· ' :·
:, ~ • , \' , t \' ~

... ·
t I I , .. 1. •

.. ·. · St:;11l1JgmJg uwiu11~~ubn
n:,. ' '
2.irlstit'ute, - ['mst1tju:t] . -.tiuuU1pll1mll1
3.hostel, n · · · · ; - ['h;,stal] .. . ~ hU:10nw.unw4wg,µJnµ.iu .
n~11~mraJwu CJ·wrul'l~f1Cit'11 · ·;. ' .,. - ['bddIIJ] ., - 2bCJ9, 4W12nLJQ . ..
4.building, n
build,· v · · ·. • ['bild] ~·4wuriLQbl
dwtlwuw4w4tig wuqtbnb~ntO Ciulfur\hfllJbpa lll:iO 4w~linrmiraJmCJ builder; n • ['bdda] • 2tiuWflWP
m(Jb(J UWj\JWflWUnLtaJW~ .. ~-b~. , p.umbpj'l .hLI:JflWpbn.nLJaJnLUQ nnn2btm
h (J " ll·'
I "" ""' ""· ' , • 1 . . , . , . .
5.room, ti - [ru:m] - ubCJJW4
,.. 11nm · .. . ,.. ,. . . , . ' ·. . reading room - auiabpgwunwh
In - tlb2 '· . . . . . .
6.large, a - [la:d3] - tlbo
On-Ltnw syn. big; ant small - hwlj. llbo
Under-ll1w4 7.comfortable, a · - ['lwnfatabl] - hwntlwnwllblll
14 15
 comfort, n - ['lwnfat] - hwfllltU11mroJmu
a.together, adv - [ta' gelJa]
Text
- llpwunCJ
9.window, n - ['wmdau] - L4Wl.11mhw(J
10.friend, n I am a student of Armenian Agricultural Academy. My hostel is
- [frend] - oCJ4t11 not far from the Academy. It is a big buHding. It's five storeys high. The
11.friendly, a - [' frendlI] - oCJ4bpwubp .
rooms of the hostel are not large, ·but they are comfortable. ..
friendly, adv - oCJ4bpwpwp 1 2
Let's go and see our hostel together. Here we are • This is my
12.English, a - ['1rjghfl - wuq[nw4wCJ, room. It's on the third floor. It has two large windows, opening orr3 the
wCJqtbpb(J garden. My table. is.at the window. My notebooks are in the table, and my
13.second, num··· -['sekand] - t114rmfiil · books are on the shelf. . .
14.year, n -w~=1 - tnwpn That's my friend's· table and tho~e are her ··l;nglish ·books. My
yearly, adv - ['ja;h] - Uiwf1t4w6, friend's name is Zara. ·She is from Artashat. Zara .is .a. second-year-
wllbCJ ll1.w11n · student4. Her hobby is painting and those ar~ pictures painted· by Zara.
15.library, ..ti -['la1bran] · - qpwriwpwfJ' She is at the library now.
.16.now, adv - [nau] ·· - hpllw, w1cfo · ·· Our. library :is very good. The •reading rooms of th~ libra·ry are
17.light, a . - [la1t]. - 1. tmuwltn.f1 large and light. ,· ·, :.
light, n . · · · ' ·- Part] - 2. rotraL., @r:iLJL 'tmJu .· The library is. not far from the hostel: It's just across the street.
1s.1ook (at),: v· :.· . ·:~ .DukJ .. - .1 ~- ~wJq( · . .
. look, n . ·. ·. -Puk]
•' ' ',_,\
·'
- 2. hi.µ1w9J2, tnbue ' -: . ,• !' ; ,.1 . ,. , .
Dialogue ,,
19.biology, n · ,. -.[bai' ::il~d31] . -4buuwpwClnya1mCi
biologist, ·; , · · - [bai' ::itad31st] - 46CJuwµUio·i ". .... Anahit: HeUo~. Zar3. Look, here is6 a' new book on biok,gy7..
20.whose, pron · - [hu:z] - ntll . ..•. ·' Zara: Whose book Is it? ·' -: : · ;. · '· .
21.interesting, a - ['mtnstil)] - hbtnweri~bn-. Anahit: It is from our library.
22.too. adv . ·" . . " . - [tu;). . , . .- CJOLJUL4bU .. Zara: Is it interesting? .··!
23.read, v - [ri:d] · - 4Wf1ijWl Anahit: Oh, yes, ·itis velyiinteresting. :) ·,1.'.
reader, n -[' ri:d_~] . - 1. oCJrabpgm1 Zara: I'd fike to8 read it too.
.· , ..
2. ef'lbutnnllwtnnw Anahit: Take and read-ltr please:. . ·'·'·'· . ·' " · ', •. 1 ' .

24.here, adv -[h1a) - WJUlnbl'l.

25.economy, n - [f"kbri~mI) . - tnCJtnbuwqhtnhLraJnL~
economist, n · -[i'k::inam1st) ·· · - tnCttnbuwqbU) .. '
26.important, ·ti ~ ;.:· (1!n''p::iitant] ·.· ' - 4wpL.np .. .~
1. , l~t',s .~o ~~d .se..~ ·~ ~,4b9 :qCJwu9 ~ tnbu(Jb~R .;.'.
- .
~.

importance, t1 · ' ·· · - [uri'p::i:tans] :" " - 4wpL.n11mraJntb.

~ .
2. Here we are - whµ.i4. ll~Ci~-; .·· . .· . . . . .. . .
• / .j .~ \ r ,l'. ;,, ,. . ' . .;1;
3. Open (on)- UWJbL rlb~~ oril&jlgb ~p 4nl'l.ll (.Ln.Luwiln~UJ.~ u_wutlu)
4. A second-ye~~-:-st~<.1en~ ,;- 2-:-pq: 4mpun mu1µC.mr1 .
' '! _ J,

..
5. Hello - n112m1CJ
'' ·1 :. 6. Her~ is,.•. , "!' wbw , .. . . .. ,. . , . .
7. AbOok on biology ~4bCJ,u~pwunL~W~·qflPE
8. I'd like to - bu 4mqbCJw1n
9. Would you like to - 4gwu4wuw1ne· · · ·
16
17
 2. Ann's friend is on the farm now.
Exercises 3. The student's books are on that table.
4. Ann's friends are students.
f. Make up sentences with the following words 5. The pencils are in Ann's bag.
1. i s,your,friend,large,room,ls? 6. These are their new plants. .
2. Is, a second-year, Zara, student. 7. Ann'sJarm is far from Yerevan.
3. your, is, name, What? ·8. His friend's name is Zara.
4. This, on agronomy, a new, is, book.
5. very, is, The library, Academy, our, of, not, large. V. Find the equivalents in the text.
6. The hostel, far from, is, the Academy. <wuriw4wgwpwuti utiuJw4Cltipn; hti12.~L tiu!-nri mt;ri.pg; quwup
7. books, interesting, These, are. mtiuut;up; t;p4pnp11 4mriuti muwunri; qpw11wpwutig; qpw11wriwumll;
8. this, pencil, your, Is? uriwup hwpllwpwl[t;m t;u; QJm11.wmumt;uw4wu w4w11tilltiwJti muwun11;
II.. Translate into English till ou4brin2 ut;ri.wun; till [lu4t;pn2 wumuo; qpw11wpwuti
ourot;pgwupwhubp[!; LnlUWl[np 6. llt;o; (Jw Upmw2wmtig t; 1.4wmmhwuti
1. Uw·pll ou4t;pn2 utiClJW4Cl t: llju llt;o t L. Lmuwl[np: .UJU qmul[mll t
llnm; till qpptipo L. mt;mpt:ip[!:
w4w11tillpw1t'l hwupw4wgwpwumll:
2. · Uw ~wuwJt'l ut;11wuu t: UJu lltio !t:· UJCJ LqWUlhLhwCJ~ llnm t: VI. Make up sentences using the following words.
~w12w1t'l qpptipn L. momriorio uori.wuti l[pw bu:
3. Uw mumt:;uwqpmmroJWU 11wuwqtipp t: UJCl ht;mwppptip t: Uw Interesting, good, important, on biology, on economy, on agronomy,
pll nu4b11n2 11wuwqtipp(J t: light, library, book, reading-room, large, hostel, building, comfort~ble ,
4. 1.Jpwup wJctU qpw11w11wumll t;u: Ut;p qflW'lWllll,IUQ .2wt11 llt;o t·: second year.
. UJu qmul[mll t hwupw4wgwpwutig n! ht;12m:
VII. Say where is: your bag, pens, table, books, room, acarJemy,
5. :;)tip U1UU10UnL[OJnlUO llt;"o t: - nr " hostel, farm.
6. UJu ht;12m" t bpL.wutig:
7. llju qtippn qpw11wpwuti"g t: - n!: Uw UuuwJti qtippu t: .
e.g. My bag is on the table. · ·
VIII. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions pf plac(! ~nd direciion:
Ill. Fill in the blanks with the personal pronouns
above, on, in, under, behind, before, in front of, n,ar, below, to,
1. This is Pete· s room . .... is nice. into, from, out of, through. ·· '
2. These are his books. . :. are interesting. · · · ,·
3. This is Ann . . . . is my friend. 1. The boy does his morning exercises ...... ... the op.en window.
4. Ann and Zara are students. ... are students of Armenian 2. The bathroom is ... the bedroom. ·
Agricultural Academy .... are students too. .~ 3. You can find this book ... the shelf. ·
5. Are .. . an agronomist? Yes, .. . am. ' 4. Don:t forg.~t to put the bread ... the bag.
6. My friend is an economist. .. . is on the farm naw. 5. There were heavy clouds ... the sky. ,.
6. ·At night we could.see millions of stars .. . our head~ . .
IV. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to " s • in the underlined 7. Th~ gr~ndfather took a sweet ...... his pocket arid gave it ... the
words. Which grammar category does it concem to? child. · ·
8. Do you see anything ... that tree, Ann?
1. These rooms are very nice.
19
18
 9. Does your teacher live ... the school or far ... it?
10. There is a little garden ... the house.
<w{7gwqwu
11. Do you go home ... the field or ... the forest? I prefer to go ... the Interrogative
field.
12. The ball was ... the bed, so the old woman could not get it. Have I? = Do I have?
13. Water changes into ice when the temperature is ... zero. Have you ? = Do you have?
Has he? = Does he have?
Has she? = Does she have?
Has it? = Does it have? '
Have we?= Do we have?
Have you? = D() you have?
Have they? = Do they have?
Lesson 4
OwCmpnLfJJnLU. Have not (has not) ctlmnw4wu CH.to 4w[lbLtt t'
uwla 4inluwrittubL have no (has no) Cit.amt. · ~ ·
I haven 'I a pencil= I have no pena1.
1. To have PWJlJ U/Wflq u/:;J71/WJnLtf . . . He hasn't an English book= He has no English book.
2. Pwuwqwl;wu rai./wl;wuubf1, IJWuwqwu rat/wl;wuubfl
3. . Qn}lµl;w(lu/:;J7lJ nJ1utl:iiJ nf1n2/11
..
!a£/wLtwuubf7 (Numerals)
To have
Pwuwqwqwu (Cardinal number).
To have pwm rawriqllwCntnul t «mubuwp> pwJn4,: · 'Jwuwqw(J (Ordinal number)
I have an English book~ tJu mul:;tf wuqf/:;J7/:;(J Q/1(1p: ·
To have pwm l4Wr"lq utri4wJnul mu~ tri4m dla. Ill r}bllp bqw4~ ra4.tt
hwllwri «has»: .
<wUU1WU1W{/w[J ·\;: : ·.. 'd/ulf1WQWU 1 - one ·first
Affirmative · ;~ · Negative · 2 - two second
3 - three third
I have I haven't= I don't have 4-four
You have
1
You haven't =You don t have fourth
5-five ' fifth
He has He hasn't'= He doesn't have
6-six sixth
She has She tiasn't =She doesn't have
7-seven seventh
Uhas It hasn•t=: It doesn't have
8-eight eighth
We have We haven;t = We don't have
9-nine ninth
You have You haven't = You dent have 10-ten
They have · They haven't = They dont have tenth .
11 -eleven eleventh
12-twelve twelfth
20
21
13 - thirteen lt.rillieentitl! 4. '11w~1111uuli11aJ(fi· .li''llutil"iWiUl!iftm: ~~ WJ2lllltfth llj•tlifll• ffiatr.
14 -fourteen ~· SllE&JUc;f. . tbitr;t. ~ bfjj ~ mufiml.mlw•u
15 - fifteen fiftwnttt rai~m1q111fiutqiq1ifi.--tb:~. w4tl.w;fibln¢.
16 - sixtllen siDJdliBiinlh,
1T - seventeen ~ 5. 'lit l!JIUJI tmll ~ WJ21.U2: qtJJJOw.6:qrn.tl.I;: fhlE.hmm:.
eig1bmm11ltn· SiiNen;- tlHE SI!N611/hJ.a; hunritBd:-tlre hunrtmitth:.
18 -eighteen
ni11eD!:S1tt1
19 - nineteen 6. Pwqwr.wiJµ.ar pn(b1L11ur* 'l1rn~wl'~murr t1mqd'i~'1l~ I; ~ 4~
20-twenty twentiettr
~~· (thrlj.i t(!J'f st--tftelhmrJIJatand!ff!Sk.
21 - twenty-one twenty- first
30-thirty thirtieth 7. ~ ~ ~ ~ pll11u•~t•a'41.w(j. wi·Uu•~anli~.
40-forty fortieth Pwt~ ~ ~ 111!11U/{1/rr.-J141111rJl!llllll!R.
50 -fifty fiftieth 1982- nil!lf!tfJerr ~ 1'9(!J(fft-nii'llliJ•r1; lhliJlttdff!1li
60- ~ixty sixtieth 2001 - two .thousand iil1d one.
70- seventy seventieth
80-eighty eightieth 8. tiu4 wlluwrallbp[! uni.tnf1wpwp CJ2i.tnul bu
11wuw4wOut:IJ'lml.
ninetieth March 10th, 1975 -Marc~ the tenth, nineteen seY6nty:.flVli.· ··, ..
90- ninety
100 - a (one).hundred hundredth
9. <wllwpubp[! 4w11n11 bu u2llbL bp4m ~llmt.
101 - a (one) hundred and one hundred and first The tenth page =page ten:
200 - two hundred two hundredth
256 - two hundred and fifty-six two hundred and fifty-sixth
1.000 - a (one) thousand thousandth
1.001 - a (one) thousand and one thousand and first Q.n1w[/wuu/:if11J nf1utl:iu nf1n2/11
4.000 -four thousand four thousandth
hundred thousandth UuqLbpbumll llp qnJW4WU[! 4w11n11 t npn2tl! hWUl}PUWLWl lljnLU
100.000- a (one) hundred thousand qn1w4wunu w11wug pp ~IA[! ttinlubLm. institute canteen - f1uut.n/1V1ml.l7/1
1.000.000 - a (one) million millionth
6wzwf1wu, town center- JJWfJWJJ/1 l/l:iut.n{1nfJ: .
UJu1.4pup qnJµJ4wCJCJbp[! hwJbpbCJmll·iawpqllwui.tmll bu ub11w4wCJ
hnLnllnll: Cwlll 11b1.49bpmll qnJW4WU[! 4~pnq t mubuwl llb4P! wi.tbLP
n11n2r! qn1w4wuubp. . .
1. 13-19 9wuw4w4wu iallw4wuubp[! 4wqlli.tnul bu -teen
Yerevan development plan - Of1/J.wuf1 qw{1qwgtlwu Of1Wq/1f1:
llb112wowugnll. 14 (fourteen}, 16 (sixteen). 11 (eleven), 12 (twelve)
Yerevan State University- Of1/J.wuf1 lfJl:it.nwl/wu <wtlw1uwf1wu:
pt./wqw(J{jl;f1[] jl:iU f;{Jpwpqt./nlll WJU qwunu/1fr. OwCinpmpJmCi. Town hall - pwqw9w1.4bUlwpwCi: ·
2. Swuuwi.tnpubp[! 4wqllllmll bu -ty llb112wowugni.t. 50 (fifty), 60
Vocabulary
(sixty):
1.family, n -[' frem1h] - [!UlllWUtlp
3. 2 (two), 3 (three); 5 (five) iallw4wuubp[! ~llwttmtui.tmll IA
2.have, v - [hrev) - mubuwl
hu!Jmuwttmtui.tnul bu. 3.father,n - [fa:cfa] - hWJll
Ori.· Five {faiv] - fifty['fivti]:
grandfather, t1 - [' grrend,fa:i')a] -1.4w1.4p4
22 23
4.mother, n
grandmother, n
5.busy, a
6.man, n
- [mAaa]
- ['gram, mACJa].
- [brzi]
- [mam]
- llq1,
-·LmWLDtltt
-~
. - u:il'[Wilwpq
teach, 11
27.school,. /fl'
at schcd
28.youngar; a ·
-~;lffi

-~!
-lllll--
_,,.......
-~· ·

woman, n -~•If(~
- [wuman] - 4~Ca. ant elderr -inmm:
pl. women, n - [wimm] - haq.. 4WfiiwJQ 29.departm•. n
-~. ·
7.much, a - [lllAtJl - 2UJUl1
8.work, n - [wa:k] 3D.become,, v · ' ~· ·
- w2~L11µ.We· -Lfm''U aj .-,r.,•lii111tt . .
work, v -w2tuwlllbl 31 .like, adY ' . lfhw:J· ."..'
-L~
-utliilf .. ·
9.spring, n - [spnIJ] ·- qwpmf:J _; · 32.always, adY -f':Klwa&J; -~
in spring - qwrnn.UC11f 33.home - [houm] - u:imfi.
1a.summer, n ·- [sA111a] - wllum at home •
- LnWflfr '
in summer - w~nwCJa 34.letter, n - ['let_,]1.· ·T " .. ~ . '
11.fall, n - [fo:l] -w2m!J ,, 35.thank, v
• • I .

- UWdWGti
- [0i:eI)k] ' - ~~WLnLPJJ'1Lrf
syn, authpm . - ['~:tam]
in authum, in the fall - wzuwCJ[! thank you
12.same, a , - [se1m] · - UhLJ0(), liALJflWLnl'tti.f 36.many, a ,""'''; ,,. ·
.. I.

13.parent, n - [pcarant] - ounr1 ' ~"-"· ' 37.usual, a .

14.apartment, n . - [:}'pa:tmant] - pfJw4wpwCJ · :. usually, adV•" · ·
15.house, n - [haus] - Lnmu, 2bu12 38.field, n
house, v . ..( ... ;· _ ... - WU,fflbl (LnWCI[!), n·
39.agricultt:'..lre·, :>
hwLn4wgCll:il LnmCI agricultural, a
16.town; n · : - [taun] · ' • J2W'\WJ2 ', ·:· ·' 40.small, a
1T.type;:·n ·' ·. .;, - [talp]" · ' · - at&, LilflurL : · ant lar~e. big
18.village, n - [vI11<t] - qfm11 · '·.'.· ·,;_ ' .
1e:all,'pron :. ;.; ' - [~:lf! . ·:.- . , -·pillnfl[! , ;.'."· ·' ;,, · '.. reXt ··.
20.eldef, a"; - [' eld;,] - l1b6[! i(QCl.uit.UClppnLL1)
ant younger '.' lfln12po ··• · ',. ~ :;:;,_ ·• My' tcimll{ls fcfrgE;:: flfave father, 'mot8~r. gr~ndn1oth~t;.-i_6ne sister
21.marri~d,· a · ·. · -fmrendf :. ''· · , • · ·" · · ~ 'wtlnruuwgwo and two brothers. ... . 1 · ,' . •1 ; _ . ·"
22.child~ri;· 'n;")il. .. [tJdc,Iran] ·. · · ·'. : bpti\Jwt:Jbn · · My father is an agronomist on'
a 'blg 't~'rm . not
far 'rr6rt{ Yerevan:
-·[tfaIIdJ · · " ·: ~ ·bq: tr1tiftiw ·
He is a very b1,1s~ man'. He has much .work in ~pfi~~/'.~rt~ummer an~:· _1tj
child, sing
23.boy, h - (b~·I] ' , I •
~- Lnl'\W the fall. My father 1s fifty:.three years old 1• · · .. · · ··• '.:. ·"·· · • ,._ 1(( 1 ., · '

24.gir1, n - [ga:l] ·· -wri2n4 . My rti6ther'ls! fdrty-nin~:,(she':W· a.n ~co~dmisf~n~ ~~Iha f~rth.'

!ne
25.wife, n . ." ! :,
- [wart] . - 4t'ICI ,. , . She JS fond or
her work. ' . ' ,.. " ·. ·~ '·"' i; ; .... ' '. ., ·:11•. '
wives, pl · · · " : ··..; hnq. 4wCJwm · . · .· My par~nts have a big hOl.JS~.'. iheli' hod§'.~ ·: ttlh. tHe c.eAt~r of-the
housewife · .: .- LnCIWJt°ICI LnULn~U,~-L~p village. · .· · '.: ·:,. ' · · . . " ..· n ; .!'." ., · 1 · :". ·

26.teacher, n · · i· - [ti:tfa] •' ' - mumgn1 · ! " ' •: ' ' • My eldet brother is an engineer. He is twenty-seven. He is
married and has ~-o children, a boy and a girl. My brother's wife is. a
24
25
teacher of biology at school.
My younger brother is a student of the Armenian Agricultural
Academy. He is a second-year student of the Agronomy department. He
is going to3 become·an agronomist like his father. He is married too but
he has no children.
My sister is a schoolgirl. She is fond of mathematics and would
like to become an engineer.
I am a student of the University.
We are always glad to meet at our parents home.
Sb_gul.llfl Lt tri41tmumraJwf.t 1.4wriqwpwunu.lubp
1. My father is fifty-three (years old) .... fll.l hWJllO 53 l.llWflb wu t·
4
2. To be fo~d of- hpw1.4mrn.tbl, uflribL flu!-n11 pwu: .
3. To b~ ~01~g to -1.4WIJl1lWUl.ll4bl flU!-n11 pwf.t WUbLm:
4. Delhi [ dehJ - '1blfl:
5. How aid is he? - gwuti l.llWflb 4wu t uw: . \
6. What does [ 1he (she) do? - flu!nt.t t uw qpwrit.tnul:
7. What do you (they) do? - flu!n4 bu u11wf.tg qpwrit.tnul:

Additional words and expressions

1. grandfather - [grrend,fa:o~J
Dialogue grandmother
2. -1.4w1.4f14
- [grren,mAo~J . - IJlWl.llfl4
grandparents
3. - [gn:ei:i,pe~r~ntzJ
Ann: Here is a letter to you, Kate. uncle
4. - lljWUjfl4 l.t IJlWl.llfl4
- (AIJkIJ - QQrifl,hn11bripwJf1
It's from India aunt
5. - [' a:ntJ
Kate: Oh, thank you. I am glad to have it. It is from my brother. cousin
6. - lin11wQnLJ11,hnriwemm
- ['kAznJ - 4mqbu, 4mqf1uw
Ann: Have you one brother? nephew
7. - ['nevju:J - bripn11·(B11n2) nriri.fl
Kate: I have two brothers and many sisters. I have five sisters. Families 8. niece - [ni:sJ - bri.pnp (erin2) wr12f14
in India are always big. 9. father-in-law
Ann: , Is this letter from your elder or from your younger brother?
- [fa:o~rmb:J - u4buriwm
10. mother-in-law .. [mAo~nnb:J
Kate: lt .is from my younger brother. He is twenty. - u4bump
11. son-in-law - ['sAnmb:J
Ann: Has he a family? - Lflbuw
12. daughter-in law - [' d::>:t~rmb:J
Kate: No, he has not. He is a student. In India students are usually not - hw11u
13. stepfather - [step, fa:(fa]
married. - lunrira hwm
14. stepmother - [step,mAo~]
Ann: Is he going to become a biologist like you? - lunrira LlWJfl
15. husband - [' hAzb~ndJ
Kate: No he is not. He is a student of the Engineering Department of - wumutib
16. wife - [wa1fJ
Del~i4 University. He is going to become an engineer in the fietd - 4tiu
of agriculture.
Anm How gld is5 your el(ier wother? Exercises
Kale: He is twenty-six.
A11n: · "Ml81 does• do'? .. · · I.
Kate: lie is·a farmer. He hes a ama.R farm nOtfarfrom OeJhi. ;,~::~(ate the following sentences. Mind the form and place "to
Ann:' And What do your sisters do7? · ·
Kat~: · .They are schoolgtrts. 1. We ~ave many interesting books on history. ,
Ann: Well, l;d like t6 have a big family. 2. My sister has two English books.
3. Has your brother a new book .on bi~logy? - No, my brother has. no

26
27
 books on biology, he has many books on economy. My sister is a ... . She is ... of mathematics and ... ~ .• to .... an engineer.
4. Their parents have a big house in a village not far from Yerevan .. We are ... glad to meet ... our parents .. . . .
5. They have no friends -in Yerevan.
6. Have you a sister? - Yes, I have. I have two sisters. ·. . . LI. • Express agreement or disagreement
· ,: I
7. My elder brother has a small but very comfortable apartment in a
new house. e.g. You have .~IE1mily. - No,"/ have no family. .
8. My friends have a nice room in the hostel. - Yes, I have a family. --· ' .

9. Have you any children?..;.. No, I have no children. 1.Your fatherJs old. ..,.
2.Your·parents have a .small house. \ '

3;Yovare a worker~
ll Fill in to have or to be." · 4.:Your·fyiena has a·new book oil-agriculture.
5.This room is very big.
1. · These .. .:small rooms. 6.Your hostel is far from your Academy.
2. Their room :... big and light. 7.Your Academy is small.
3; ,. ·. I .. : a second-year student of the Agricultural Academy. 8,Your brother has fiv.e boys.
4. , :I ;.i: a nice room in the hostel. 9. Yourfriend is at home'now. "·.·
· . 5. ·.· MylriemL .. ·many interesting English books. 10.You have ten new English books.
.: ; . : -, .. .: ~ :
. 6. ··· ~Y ' ~ i. . .ePS.
'. ',

7.. > Thelrfarm1;0.. far from Yerevan. :. VI. Mind the function of the nouns in the fol/Owing word combinations-.
8; . Hrs bl'Qther ... a worker. Translate into Armenian. Give your,.qwn 8¥8/J1fJIBS. . · • ' , · . ·. . ·. ·
-~
9. He .. . a boya'nd two girls. ' · ••• • · ·•• • \ .l _·. .• . \ • " ... : ·' • ' .' •• '

1o. My sister,;:,, .a teacher of English at school. farm work, family farm, village house, school year, town house, village
11 . She ... a large family. centre, Academy h.ostel, roorn temperat~re. school teacher, Academy
library, family friend, summer house, this farm experiment, village centre
Make 11p sent11nces with the f()lloWing words.
"· . . '.
house, a new three-room apartment. ·· . ·
Ill. · ,.,_

1.
'.
is, My, name, brother's, Boris: i.·
Vil. ' 1: '·
....
•' -··
2. a student, y9µ, Yerevan University; Are; of ? ·'

3. your, children, Has, friend ? · · Cardinab1!t!R76ra/1.;,11, 121:·1(3, :.15, 19, 28;· 33, 54, 70, 82, 140,
4. no, sister, has, His, elder, fam,i_ly. ' 261, 795, 800, 1000, 5346; 350, 427. 7040, 1002, 63, 196, 9.911;
5. a
her, Have, big, parents~ house? 11550, 20; ' . ' .' " . f. ''. . '-' ; • '. ' ·. ' ' •

· · YeatS;', 19H~J.945, 1812, «1935, .1799. 1-853, 1965, 1980, 1955,

IV. ... ! ~;u in the· blanks ·with the ·Words ·or '.l/iorrJ combinations· from the ' 1976, 1982,. 2000~ 2.00.1. ,' \, I , • •

. · 1·:
. r' ., : , l
text.
VII/. Transli!cle iflloEngll$h . · . .: ', \ } I ·

~ I ~ -. •' ·.:~>
The name of my ekter brother is 'Boris, but'my .. .. brother's nam9 . • • ': . • ., . , ", ,,· ' .. '' I j 1 • ' . j : • >"t

is Misha. My brother is 22 .. . .;. " HtHs a .. . of Armenian Agricultural a) ~bfltlWJflttl, 11~rmgntl1~. U'lwt'JQ, .mCn:nbuwqtltnmraJwCJ rµ.UUUiq~flp,
Academy. He ·is going to become an .... He is . ~. too, but ·he ......... . . . b11.pnflWubCIJWlfil; W_~DWC.Q, . 2Wln DCi4bf\CJbft, 2WUl w2tuwmw~g;· 2Wlll

28 29
 . utiribt. Cim1u~bu, ~WU1f1WUllll[bt flWDUWL: box:.. Snt1/1/1 tlt;p UWU1/1U1UG/1 ll/WU
There is some water in the glass - t:Jwdwl//1 tlt;p pmf1 l/W
b) 1. '1m12 pmJrl mCJb·p: - U1n: 2. '\.Jw muwCJnrtmhp" t: - nf 3. uw ls/here any water in the glass?- Pwdwl//1 tlf;p pmf1 l/w"
WJChl lllWU[! !t, (Jw · 'ltl.lflngnul t: 4. l"tl brtpWj(lCJ mup There is .not any water in the glass = There is no water in the glass -
4buuwpwunl(aJWU hblllWJ2fll1Pfl qppp: 5. upw 6unrtubpp lllnLU[! Pwdwl/f1 tllip pilL/111./W: · · ··
QJmrtti 4bulllpnunul t: 6. uw m·CJti zwl11 oulfbpCJbp: 7. l"tl oCJ4bfl[! tlbp Some 11b11wumuo 4wpnrt · t qnp6w6l[bL · hwrigw4wu
w4w11btlpwJti muwCJnrt t: 8; '1m12 pwuti" lllwpb4wu b12: - bu 19 Owjuw11wumra1muubpnttl.
l11Wpb4wu bll: 9. ')mp gwC14wC1m"ll b12 lJ:WDUWl qjntrtWlllCIL11bU ... - 1. brab jununrtn bC1raw11pnul t 11pw4tLJu ~wlllwujuw& fip hwpgpu.
UJn: 1o. l"tl pmJfl[! zwlll t uppnul tlwrabllwLI1ti4w: Lw gwu.4wumll t Aren't there some books on the table?- Uf1{ab ut;rzwuf1 t/{1W qf1pbf1
pudbubp 11w11uwt: 11. upw wttwq brtPWJflil lllulllbuwqbm t: 12. u11w 11./wu:
tf1npp pmJpCJ wtlmuCJwgw6 t: .uw wuqtbflbfi tbqllti mumg!mhp t Doesn't he have some money?-Uf1pb uwt/mrz 1nluf1:·
11~11ngmtl:
2.brab hwpgw4wu Owjuw11wumra1mCJo ppw4wumtl wpi,nwhWJlllmtl . t
' l. • .,,:
WDW2WP4 4wtl lu01111wup: :
Would you like some cofee?- Um{1'5 qmqbuw1f1p:
Lesson 5 :H... : Would you please buy me some pens?.-fl.ud:Qf1/1lub{1 l/qutij1j}:
. I .

Any,nbplJ.lum.uo tip hbpratiu. 4wpnrt t qnp4w4gbttuiJulllWlllw4wu

.' .' '
uwluW11w1.mtpJntClCibpmtl gwuqwgwa•. mqwO' tilluiu1:11n.l[: . . , -·
1. Some, any wunf1n21J/:iflwfmtuubf10:·. · ; • · ' · ,., '~\ ·..,. Come any day you like - tJqt;p gwuqwgwO' Of10 (bf1PJJl1Jfil/wuwp): ·
2. There ubf1wO'nrz (introductory) pwnnt/ uqut/nrz uw/uWfJWUnLfiJJnLUUbf10: [ak6 any book you want~ A./.bflgflbp m qwO' q/1f1PlJ: .
' ·, ! , . ,. t
-~ _,

" r. Some, any wun11n2 11bpwCJmCJCJb11a ·~ ' There CJbpw6nrt (introductory) pw12n4 u4u4nrt CJwjuw11wumra1muCJbp
·' · (tndefinite pronouns) ·,· · ., ' '·· ·
; f .. • : • .' ' ( ~'. t l/, . . . ~ :
There is a.clock in the lectur~ room - LuWflwumtl dwtlwgm1g qw:
Some, any wCJnpn2 11bpwumCJ(Jbp[! qnp6w6Ltmll bu hw2L[bLti I.! There is a book on the table - Ut;rzwuf1 t//1W Q/1/1P qw:
wuhw2Ltbtti qn1w4wuubpp hblll np~bu npnztif tl/1 pUJiip,;"tl/1 P/11. nf1n2 There is 4w~w4gmpjnLCl[! faWpqtlwCn.{w6 t qw pw11n4:
ptlWUlllUbpn4_: .· 4w~w4gmraJmun hw2npQ.01ll t uw!tJw'lwumraJwCI buraw4wCJ, npu muti
'Cwi.n hwlSwju WJU 'lb11wunl(Jubp[! ! bu. raWrtQ.\1W(J\.tnur hwjbpb(J: wCJnpn2 hn'l, brab hw2LJ.btti qn~(J t: UWftiw'lwumra1wCJ lllbrtti
~uti ·iip CJpwu~ hWCJ'lbu bu , qtlJl~u n11~bu nrm2tl!,' CJpwug ~wpwqw(J ~btnp t mCJb(J~ npn2~! ttn11:
qn116w6mraJWU 1'lb~9mtl qnJW4WCJpg WDW2 hn'l !P 'lflllntll: :· '
.. Some 11bpwfJmCJt!' qnp6l.U64,mil t · :hwulllwl11lilt4WLI, any
...
·
'lbpwumuo· · · hw11gw4wCJ I.! dflJlllw4lUCJ. liiillftiWfi.i.UUm.pjmCJCibpmll:
ctjulllw4w~ CJwjuw'lwumra1muCJbpmtl not djulllw4wCJ tlwuCJti4ti I.! anyp
' ' . ..

·' .
tf1njuw11bCJ 4wpnrt t qn116w64.bL no djulllW4lU&:·~bpttiOmCl.(F· ·.. · ' ' ·· '

There are some pencils iii the box - Snu/1/1 tlt;p qwu tlwti1/1U1ubf1 1 UC.QtbrmCJNI· t1w1tr;bcr fiMMf!QilliiiJbtttu. · hW)bntCJ uiaJ11pb11w4o
, ~ ·, 1r.Ars inere any pencHs in'the box? .. ; Sna/1/1 t1P9 lk.utnflU?{Jl:ip'qW"u ·
1 ~blllJ2 t u4lAlt'l tnbrtti (.4Wpwqw1nLt, WJt ntrab /µllpwonLt. ·
~.· There· are.not any pencils in ~the box :t There 81'9 no.·pencils ·.in•the There is a nice park near mr house - f1tl U1WU /Jnnphu qw tl/1
qt;rzt;gf11./ WJqf1:
30 31
 Vo~bulary
O(ab (JwfuWl'lWUnL(aJWCJ b(Jraw4wCI hw24bLP qnJW4w(J t, l'll14W6
hnqCJw4p J04n4, WlJ.tW CJwluWl'lWUnLJ9jnLCJ[!.· lllblll~ t m(Jb(Jw hbtnUJWl
4wrimg w6 ' · :. 1. rather, adv - [' ra:<J~] - pw4w4wµw!wlJi · .
. old , . - [ould] . .. hnCJ. obfl
There are - buraw4UJ (hnquw4p ~P4) - Uit11~ lJ.tWj1~QW ant, new . -[nju:] . - hwq., Cm 11
(4wCJ). 1 (PCJ!bl1) l l
,. (nj1lllbrl.) , .
. .. · ,. ;
2.young , .. [jAl)] '' - bj1nlllWUWf11'l
3.modern -[' m:'.'dan] - dwtlwClw4w4n9
There, are books on the table .. Ubqwu/rt/f1W Ltwu qppl1f1: 4.some · · · ·• [sAm] ·. ; ' ~ .
- n11n2 ·
5.lecture, n - [' lektf~l · - l'lwuwtununLraJmCJ ·
! "lbll19 t ~w11p,b11bl There is a book on the table L. The bookis 6.also, adv. - [' :'.':lsou] - (Jm(Jl!lbU
on the table llltlutP CnµtuwqwunLPJmCJ(Jbp[p _ ·..·· 7.different, a · '·- [' d1fr~rtt]· ', . '--·· "' t.nWj1J~bj1
U12w2pCJ CJwtuwl'lwum~JmCJnul 4w11L.n114nul t Ql1~~- ub11wCJn ant, similar - [simil;;,] - hwq., CJnLJCtwtnnut .
411w qtnCJtJb1m hwCJqwtltµCJ1m: : •· 1 • ' ,. i a.difference, n - [' difrcms] -' Lhw~pbpnL(aJruO · ·
b11411n11l'l CJwtuwl'lwumroJmunul 4w11L.n11 t, iab nnwl;it1 t qllluqmtl there, adv. - (<Jt3} ' ~ WJtJLrit:Jr\ ' '."
qp11~0: .., ..,' \ ',• ' .ant., here - [hi;}] ' • - h'Oll/,,WJUulOll'
1l UlirJwu/r't/f1fll qw·.qf1J1p.'. · · · • ·'·' · " · · . ' ·· · · · -· · ·· 9.special - [' spef;}l] .; 'ht.ut.nm4· .: , . ,
2) Gf1f1Pll ut;qwufl tff1w t: 1a.collection - [ka' lekfan] - hw4w~w6m, l!nlb.4gflw
. · ··. •· opb' 1:/MrB~is ~wt..qw4gmp1mr..a hblllllmtl t p4w~4l'lL1CJmCJ, n11n 11.textbook, n - [' tekstbuk] · - l'lwuwqHre·· · ) , .·
w12w2pu wCtl'lwtl·m1ti(lWtffl iJa4AtU qnJW4wlJ t, wt..qw qnriaw·oqmtl t to-be 12.foreigri - ['form] '- 1.. Olll~J:lbf1Qf1JW ' ' '
pwJfl:bqwijp.-64Q. - ~ .' . ·, .. . · ·· · · . . :. ·; · . ' · - 2. w11l1l'oouwhllwCJJwO
There is a tablEf and two chair's tn the classroom ...9WuUJubCtJw4nLtl - 3. w11lllw~nCJ
4w tlb4 ub11wCt L. bp4m wpn12: 13.speciality - (spefI' reltt1) - tlwuCtwqplllmraJmCt
( 1 ~ ;. '
I . ., : I •• . : \ :. ·
14.newspaper, n - [' nju:spe1pa]
l ' ; ·.. . . . '

- l11wqn11. ratma
<w11gw4wCt L. dfulllw4wCt 6L.b11 15.reading.:hall .. . - [' ri:d11J.,ho:l] · <:. - norat11gwunwH ·
,' ,, ltwf16 Lqwt.nwutuwf.i':
; . . .· ··,· .
16.diciionary, n - [' d1kf;;,nn] .. pw12w11wo '
·· ls,tt"(ereoa b0ok 1onttetat>le? ..... Yes,·there;ts . 1•• · '· , ·. · ·, 1 " · ) _

.: · .• ·~ , l:,;,.; ·~ 1 ,
1. ·;. . ··. ..• No.therisn't(not)' ·., ·: · .·..·. . ·.· ·
\ 1' . .t.., •,, ' I ', '. ~ "l ,. ' ' ' . . ' I . ) ! '
( ¥· . ' . · ' ' :) ·· ,
. ' ' ·~-"'.
•.'
' .) </j ' ' \
"" · Text · · ;.
\ o , > '
I j ' •
.•··· ~ ; lo : •,

Are there (any) books on the ~~ble? -. Yes, ther~ are .; . ,: ",. .. _. ,, .
No, there aren't (are not)
, , .·...My)l'.l,stitute.
dfulr1UJ4UJu OWtuW~wun~raJriLu_Ctpnritll is, are ~flli WltblW94mll t
. ..· i . • ,
. .
notcttutnw4wo tliµtiClttlf6 ~L1 'ribrCttulilw~WfJ:rit~w~·rfL'Oo: . ·• •
' -. ~ ~ . '. '• \ .) . ·~ ! - • '. .
·
Ji ,~r1 \a ~tud~flt;.·Of the, .Arrn~nian Agri~ltl~iral . Acapemy. Our
Th£tre .are not any' 'b'di>k$ on ·the tab~IJ =. T/ufr~i -~re no boqks on the Academy . !S rather OJ~, it. i~. OV~~ lQ , ye~r~ ~d • yiJe , ~Ve many old
table - Ul:iizwu/1 t/'ruii Qf1pbf11~wtJ: · building~. but Uler~ are s()me ., o~vv . and .~ernJ:~uildings ..tQo·. There are
·· ., , Th.(irf1Hi4 11'1l;lf/Y Pe/rt;Jf ;1fl .tfJ!J·'CIJf ~ Tllo vs.no /Hfl!ol)n tfle car - many classrooms, lecture halls and conference halls in the academy.
Ut;pt;uUIJ/1 tJ!;p p/fU.q/lutl/tU: · · ... . There are. also diff~rent. laboratorie~ th~re, ,)Yhe!& i.ve., have classes in
physics2, chemistry and biology..· Sometimes we have our English,
33
32
 I

3 4
German or French classes in a· s'PeCial lat¥oratory. It is in building 2.
1
1. . There are some st"-de,nts .,.. AJrica ... o.ur Academy.
There is also a computer center and a library in the same building. There 2. Ann is ... the hostel n·o:vv. ·. . . . ;, · ·· . · · .
is a big Collectk>n of·books in our library. 3. The ~r)glish-Russian di~iq[lary is · : . ~ the t~ble near the wi.ndow.
There are many text books, a lot of foreign books and journals 4. My frlend is a student ... the agronomy dep~rtment. Th.ey have
on different specialties. But there are no newspapers in the library, all classes ... biology every day. · · · ·
newspapers·are in the reading-hall. English, German and French 5. All laboratories are .. ~ new buildings.
dictionaries are in the reading-hall too. Usually there are not many 6. Is it Pete ... the table ... the left?
students in the reading-hall in the morni.ng6 , but tn the day time 7 and in 7. My father is an economist ... a big farm not far ... Yerevan.
the eve~tng 8 there.are many students here. 8. There are many technical journal's·,'.. our library. .

.,.·, . .Sl:ipuUl~ l4Wf1qwpwCmu'iutp Ill.Fill in the blanks wi(h ,!fie CO!TfJspondiqg words frotp the text
' . . -' ; r.

.,
,• •,1 ,1 ·· '
1 .Sometimes we have classes il"ll .. ..languages i.n speciallabdratories .
1. · 70 Y~C!~ Qld,'."'.,7,QV\Wflb4w1J 2. There are some new and ... buildings too. ' ·
2. classes in phy~ics - .1>~q~4WJ~ 11wuo1Jra1.;Ug1Jt11 3. There is a big :~.. of bcioks In our' 'library. · ·
3. . German[' .d3a:I\1~~] - qtpuwutptu 4. There are manf;. : , a lbt()f . :. boOks and journals orr. :. ; .. .
4. French [frentJl,.;. ~wuutritu ' ~· . ' ' 5. But there are no newspapers in the Hbrary,··au·.;: art! ll'l the .... .
5~ ; i ~ ~lt>t of ""'1lu,ll.ll , J (~ I' l
, · I'. 1_r• '.! ·.:\ ;'

6. in the.morning ,"; UJDW4nU1Jwu IV.Read the

. following numbers.
. .
7. in th~ · ~"Y tirit~· ~.:·4tuo11pu
8. .. in the:~v.eniog, '.:'.~rib4nJwlJ 126, 451, 591._ ao3, 943, ·1286, 7o~ 119, 1,9s4, >i2. t3, . 4 16a. 2001. t955,
' ' . • .J ~ ' , ' • • )
850, 1111, 344, 6895, 999~.· . .· .;... , . " . . ·. . . ' .
} i' '

;· :
Exercises . . .
V.Answer the following 9'!~~ohs.
I• ;: ·_\

I. Wri.te the. folio.wing sentences. Use.thepronouns in the · Are there any new and ·mooern buitdings? · · ·· ·
brack~($, .: . " ;, , Aie there many classrooms, lecture halls .and conference halls in
the Academy? · · · .. ·· · ··x.-:· ·
1. Are there (some, any) pictures your room? in What is there in building 27 . . . . .
2. My friend has not (any, no) foreign journals. Is there a big collection of bOokS.in your. libra,y? u ··· ·'
3. .Ther.e are (so~ . , any) dictlbna.ries on the table to the righ.t. ·. What kind ofliterature is there in your libra,.Y?.· .··.
4. Kate has (any, ) friends in Yerevan. .. Are there any newspapers in the library o.r iri the reading hall?
5. Ask your friend t take (some} no) new journals on biology W~en are there many stud~nts in, 'th~ re~dinQ-hall, In the morning
from their library, ple.ase. or in the day time?" · ···· · · · ··" '· ·
,6:: · HaVe you
(sorlie, any) brothe~ br sisters·irHhe 'viiiage?
J ' " : I \ • \ I ( '. I f I ' \ ~ I I ' '

VI. r,ranslate ~he, ~itoWin~ fBh~ences_usin~'th~re· ~s. ·tnere are. to

1
1:,' Th~ ·rs "(no; any) 'llbrar~" near our hous'e. · : .i. .. • ,f, . I

.8. : Tht!re.ate (same, 1any) cornfortaple tiouses on our f~rm. ·. have. tobe. · · · · .,. · · · ·· · . ·, . ·
.::·~ . ~::,::' .":Ml ~!, ·,. , :1~: ', ·:~• · ·. : .·.~:· , , '• ' ' ..:-.'i f'•• .I • ) \,· \ ,/ . ("

'-'#.Fill/ti fhtfblankiwithlhe'prejjosiiloris~ iii,- §],~ lronf· 1. i"u w4,wq tripwJ(lO OJm11wU1uUltuw4wu w4w11tu~wJ~ muwun11
• ' "" ' ~i 0
1 ' ·, -~ • ;' r: ' I , f
t:
3f 35
 , r- , · Lesson 's

"lw{1q U,bf1l/W dwtlwuw{/- Pr~sent Indefinite (Simple) Ten$e

Uu!].bd1illl/uW!J.Uftn1Lpjm{J - The IMPERSONAL SENTENCE
'
Pres~l'lt Indefinite (Simple)
UJU duJtlwf1w4(! QnLJQ t uiwLf1u, np qnp6n11n~raJmfJo Lnh11.f1 t
m(Jb(mul Ubf14Wjnul :u 4pnul .t 4p4CJLln'l., 4wCinCJwLtnp p(mLJra.
•.· ··We workeveryday-U'bupwjJuwuinuJ bup wubu of1: ' · · ·
UJU. ctwllwCJw4o uwli ~rnnwhWJU'lnLtl ' t' 4f16w4 (Jbj14WJmll. . , ,: ,:

He is man'ied - uw wtlmuuwgw<J t:
She has a large family..:... Vu! ruup tlb<J tJuihwuflJ!.
. UJu ctwllwGw4Whb1.h hw'1wtu qnrowdLtnLll bU" every day (year,
month, week...) - wdfj{J Of1 "'. (t.ill1Jf1'/1, ·. i.ut!pu; 2wpwp), usually -
um/nf1wptilf1;· !often - ;hdJ~w/u,.; seldom ·;. ht.iJqqwrflJu/,' generally - ·
!JU!].hwuf1WU/bu, rarely - hiuqi./ui!].fJU/, ··frequently - hwifw/uwLt'f1nf1bu,
1

constantly - qwuntiwl/nf1, petmal1ently - 'dfl'jin, always - t1'/12lI1,

sometimes ~ tt/fpbdfi, at all , .~ · · tJliiJhwfif1Wutbu (d/uiI1w{/wu
uwfuw1Jwump1mumt1) - ctwtlwuw4f1. llw4pwJCJbpo L. ~w11wqw1wtiwu
4WUfw49nqa1mCJub11cf · ·· ··· · ·; · · ' · . ··' · . ·' · ·
. ,

Present Indefinite ctwllwuwlm Ciwu QnLJQ t lnWLf1U ubri4w

VIII. Translate into Engiish. ctwllwuw4nul f111w11 hw2npflriil.cth116n11.mP1rituubp. ·
... ... .
I get up at nine: Then I shaVirand wash and have breakfast. - t:Ju
Wf1fiJUWUnlU btl 9-pu: '<lic.nh liu 'Uwt/1(1c/mt1 ' btl, 1£/wgcfmtl L
uw/uwifw2nul: ' . '' : :"; ' ; . '

UJU ctwllwu4[! uwu pCJnf"n1mil t runubLm t11Whfl(J Lnbf'lf1 mubgn11.

qnp6nl'\mra1mu 4wtl tlfi6w4, ~Jlll\tlu6' lo understand, to know, to
see, to hear, to ha(e, to want to wish, to lo'l.48, to like, to remember, to
mean,
k>rgiVfj;' 'to kilm¥,•i(O' believe, to io
tO set!Jhl; to stif>pose notice, to
realise, ib smell pUlJbf'lfitt,: ' ' ·" " · ···· '. . ', ,: ·. ' ,oi·: .•·,
I don't know his friend.:... t:Ju/qptnfit.1 fI(1W ou{/lfinpo:
I believe you :.'t:Jtil1liil/Wd'll1iil biJ pbq?r:-. , · ,·.· '·"·

37
36
 Present Indefinite ctwilwuw4'1 hwULm~uiw4wu lllio 4wqilmil t
WJP pu~j1uj1uij14 hpilf!'19 w11wfJg n11ut l[b112w4nrmqa1wu, What does he want?-J-)'"fJ1 f ui.JJ mqmtl:
~wgwomraJwilp bqw4'1 Ill flbilf!p, n11u mCJjl -s (-es) 40112w4nrmLfilJnLfJ[!.
I know- He knoW§.
I go - She go!!§.
Who? [hu:] . - n'"4, n'"49b11
Whom? [hum] - nr·Ll ,
To work ·~ wzfuwuibi PU;IJO Prese~t Indefinite dunlwuwlmul
Whose? [hu:z] - nr·Ll (utmw4wfJ, ut.nwgw4wu hnLnt.l)
0

<wutnwtnw[/wu - AffirmaUve What? [w:>t) - h IJ!, h'"fJ!bt1 '

1work ' ·' We work What? [wJt] - n'"ri (qn1w4~fJfJb11j1g wriw2)
You wor;k You work Which'? [wiifl . '. . n°11 (qn1w4wfJub11'1g wow2)
H~ (She, It) work§ . They work :When? [wen] - b'"11p . .
- n~ 11, n11uib rt
0
Present lndefinit~ · - j1 hw11gw4wu Lt dp.luiw4wfJ llhb110 Where? [WO):] 0

4womg4,nul bu.- - do (does) o.d;wfJ11w4 pwJjl pqunqaJl.Ullp. Why? [war] - hfJ!m..

How? [hau] - hfJ!~b'"u
. ¢/utnwljwfJ - ·Neg~tive ·How many? · · ... Rwujl'"
I do not wo~ =.1don't.work How much? - h'"urnwfJ
. You do not work = You don't IA'Ork brip hwrigo m11q4,wo t bfJiaw4wJj1fJ, w~w octwu11w4 PWJ 1'1·1111LlmLl.
He .(She, tt) does not work= He (Sh~,lt) do~sn't work ·. Who usually phones you?- n·l/ t um/nf1UJPWf1 qwfJqnuJJJ/;q: ' '
· We do not work = We ..don t work
You do .not work = YOU don't work Owun@m@lm!i. To be octwfJ11w4 PWJC! Ciwfuw11wum,a1wfJ Llb2 '111
They' do not work= They don'.t work ctfuuiw4wu li .hWflQW4wu ~hbf'lrJ 4womgnul t wowfJg do ·u does
octwuriw4 PWJbn'1. '1u4 to have pwm 4w11nri t qn11ow64.bL d'fulllw4wfJ ti
<w 11gw4wfJ · fJwfuw11wumraJmfJfJb11mil do .,/dq(Js) octwCiflw4 hwpgw4wu £.iwfuwqwumra1muub11mll li' wowfJ~jlfJ h' do, h does
pwJb110 11114mll bu buraw4wJ'19 wow2. odwu11w~ PWJt4flj1 htlll:
Is he at home?
<w 11gw4wu - lnterr9gative NQ, ·he isn1 " ..
· Do I work? Pw;g . . .
Do you work? . Have yi>u a·pen?'= Do you have a pen? - r'Jm Qf1/1l m (Jt; ·u:
Does he (she, it) work? I h~ve no pens= I don't have any pens - bu Qf1/1/U/;f11mul;tl:
Do we work?
. rk?
Do YPU .WO .:· · UfJ11bll fJwfuw11wumraJmu
bo ·th~y wcrl,(?, The .IMPERSONAL SENTENCE

opt; JJw}uµ.iJ}wumpJ.L,UfJ llb2 . tflfJM hw11gw.4.~~ ~t11wumfJ Uu11bll . . t · ~ri1l{mll WJfJ~jlujl fJ~tuw11wunqa1mun,, n11mll
(lnte-rrogative pronoun) 4wl1 hw11gw4wfJ pw.D:, w~w WJ~ 411114'1 wpuiwhwJuil{wo qh11onrimraJmfJo 4wll 4'16w~o !'1 l{bpwqpLtmll nptit
octwuflw4 pwJ'19 u.u~w2 . . wfJ6j1 ~wll wow11~wJj1' qn('lonrimiaJmuo 4wp 4'16w~o ~WJLlwuwttn11l{wo
. Where do you work?..:.. n{1tnb.iz ,/;p rJOLJJ.WJ/«WwnuJ: t jluf!u '111bun4: llju~jlujl uwfuw11wum,a1mfJfJb11mll 2WU1 hw6wfu funum
qumll t brtwCJw4p, cfwllwuw~jl. pCJmra1wu bpL.mJiati. lllw11w6mra1wC1
38
39
 llwutiu: <wJbpbunul WUl')bll UWjuWl')WUnL[aJOlUIJ buraw4w 1muti, tiu4 14. begin, v - [bt' gm] - u4ubt
wCJQtbpbunul wn4w t It cH.1.w4wCI, ~njillWL buraw4wCI, npo hwJbpbu 1ti syn. start
. raw11ql1wu4nul. ant finish, end 1 - [fm1J1 - Wl[W['llilbl
It is cold - 8m(1tn t: beginning, n - (bi' gmII)) - u4tiqp
It is summer - Utlwo t : .. · ant finish . - l[bfl2 . .· :

It oflen rains in London - LnufJnum t1 hwtfw/u wud(1bm t1 t: 15. often, adv. - ['::>:fn] - hw6wju ·
It is dark in my room - f"ttl ubu1wl/m t1 tlmf!J t:
It is late - ni; t:
ant seldom
16. hot, a
- ['seldam]
- [h::>t]
.
- hwqt.lw11b~
- lilnra
It is morning - Uowtfntn t: . . . · · ·heat, v - [hi:t] - znqbL
It seldom snows in winter in Yerevan. - tJf1bwumt1 hwqt.fwfJbU/ t d1mu 17. winter, n · - ['wmta] - Ollbri
qw1f1u dtlowua: · · . in winter . -- 6t112wuf]
It is five kilometres to my house - <fluq l/f11ntlbtnf1 t tlf1u1L flu tnmu{]. 18. autumn, n - ['::>:tam] . - wzhLU
syn. fall - [fa:I] •\
Vocabulary in autumn - wzuwuf]
1. cold - [kould] . - gm(llil, UWUIJ 19. rain, n - [rem} ' - wCi6nu
-2. speak - [spi:k] ,- junubt 20. wind, n: · , - [wmd] - pwllti
i . . "' tunubp.uucnhritu · 21. strong, a - [str::>IJ] - mctb11 · .. ;:·
speak English . ::·.·_ . . .·~ ',

speaker .. ~ f spj:ka] .., ·. . -hot~. strenght, n - [stre_I)0} - met

speech -·[spi:tj] - iunup 22. moist, a .. . - [m::>1st] - junuwt.t
3. ab<>u.t -.(a.'baut] .. , . .. - llwu~~ _ moisture, n - [m::nstJal - junuwl[mpJmG ' ,, -
4 . . weather - [w~a] .· .~ brtwCiw4 23. dry, a - (dra1] -1n11
5 . ...so, adv. · · - [sou] • WJU~~l!lnll dryer, n - [' dra1a} - !n11wgun11 wqpbqwlil
6. time; n ' - [ta.Im] -ctwUwCiw4 24. live, v - [hv] - W~flbl ·
What is the time? - n11· du.ltUrt life,_n - [la1f] - 4Jwup
It is 5 p.m. (5 a.m.) 25. with, prep - [wid] - hblil
- [pa:t] - llwu, 1lwuuw4gmro1mu ~nf. withp.ut . ~ [wi'dautJ . . , - WQW~Q . ,
7. part, n
(wzjuwlilwupmll) · 2a,. grow.::v·. .";· - [gr9u} (' ·. , - w6bL" llb0wCiwt ,
-pwdwCll'.{tb wu2wl'.nllbL . g.rpwth, :n . - [g~oue) i. ,' . -w6 ....... ..
part, v
take part .· · - tlwuuwljgb\ f1ti1"'"fl · grower, n - (' groua} - WJq.bqnn6 ,
pwumll 27. harve~t. n - ('h~:v~st] , . ~ pt119
8. world, n ..; {w3:ld] · · - w2iuw11h harvest, v - hwt.twpbt~ · ·
1
;. &mJCitiu4
9. even, adv. ·- [' i:v(~)n] harvester, fl · ·1 _. , [h~vist3] .~1 '"' pt:ln_pwhwl[wp llbpbuUJ
10. warm, a - [w::>:m] - lilWP ·.: :_pQmbll'\Erharvest.er . . i ., .
·~ . ( ' -.i\.tnclpWJU · . ·
'. warmth, n · - [w::>:m9]·· .·' ' ;. i.nwpriLraJmC. 28. .hetP, ;·' f, · .,-·{help] . .. '' . ;--· ; -· - oqCd!i[ :. .
'

· ' · 26wr2
11:t~ee. ·n . · - ftri:]
';.·4wuw!
29 . .crop,.n .· .. :- '(kr~p] 1'- I .: '.•- QJflLl'\WllluL11buw4wu
12. green, a - [gri:nJ ·· · 4nLtlilnL['IW
13. snow, Ii - [snoul' - OJmCi 30; ·other, :e ..: [' Acfa) , . ·· • WJt,.nLflf12, ilJnLU

40 41
31. week, n - [wi:k] - 2wpwra we have snow at this time.
weekly, a - ['wi:kh] - 2wpwraw4wu Kaster: And when does summer begin in this part of your country?
weekly, n - 2wpwrawrab11ra Pete: It begins in June. It is often rather hot in summer here. Is it hot
32. month, n - [IlW10] - wlinu in your country, Kester?
Kester: Oh, yes. The climate of my country is very hot. But Africa is big
monthly, a . ·' - [' ffiAI10h] - wliub4wu
monthly, n ' too, when they have summer in the south of the country in the
- wliuwqn11 4 I

north we have winter.

33. plow, v - [plau] - Llw11bL 5
Pete: What is the weather like in winter? Does it often snow?
plough. n - [plau] - qmrawu
Kester: No, it does not snow in Africa, we have about+t 0°C6 in winter.
34. soil, n - [s:nl] - hnri. 7
Ann: Oh, we sometimes have -25°C , but it is not so often here.;
35. sow, v - [sou] - gwubt
Usually there is much snow. I like Russian·winter. .,
36, do, v ·I, - [du:] - 4Wll1Wl1bl Pete: I like winter too, but I don't like autumn. It often rains in October,
How do you do?
in. November winds .are sometimes very strong;
What do you do? Kate: In my .country we .also often 'have heavy rainS8 in the coast, t he
doer, n - [dua] - 4Wll1Wl1nri. wqbUUl clim.at.e is moist there. But in the west~ it 1s.rather dry..
37. write, v : ·· - [ra1t] - q11bL Ann: And Vihere do you·live? ,
38. fine, a - [fam] - LWt.l, qbri.bg1l4 Kate: 10
We live. in ·.the.east • Only. my elder brother with his·family lives
syn. good, nice .in the west of-India. · . · ..
ant. bad - Ltwlll • Kester: Ann, .when do ..students of the ·Timiryazev Agricuttural Academy ·
39. bloom, v - {blu:m] - 6wri.4bL · work in the fields? . . .
40. stream, o - [stri:m] - LllilW4 ·. Ann: We usually work in September on the farms .,near Mo5cow.
Differentcrops grow on the farms. Autumn is·the harvest time in
our region. We help the farmers to .harvest crops and fruits; .c
Text Kester: And do students of other institutes work in the village? . .
Seasons (1 ). Pete: Sometimes . they: do,, My, ,friend, . is a student of,·· Moscow
University.. Every summer he works: on a farm three weeks or a
Kester, ·an African student, Kate; a student from · Jndi~; and two month. He likes this work. ,, '·' . · 1 ; , . : ,:.

Russian students, Ann and Pete, have a talk1 after classes, 'in 'the park, Kester: Are there many farm machines on the farms, Ann?
not far from the hostel. It is a cold Murch day. They speak aboiit ·seasons Ann: Yes, there .are, · they have different macthines. The machines
and weather in their countries. plow the soil, SOW and harvest crops. Only inwinter there are no
Kester: Ann, is it always so cold in your country at this time ··of the machines in the fields. , · .c ,. ;1
year? ' ." . ' · .. · Kester: Who works on the m;:1chines, fanners..or students? ..
·Ann: . You s'eff, :Kester, climate is different not only in different parts Ann: Usually farmers; but students do it ·.often .too. And . ·are there
of the ,war.Id. In big countries it is different even in· diff~rerit parts many farm machi.nes in you country, Kester?· ·· . .,
ofthe c9untry;·Our country is very large. In Its centra~regiOh if is Kester: No,11 there are.
.not. On"some.
farms there .are .no machines at
3
usuaUy .rather cold in March, but in 1he south it is ·quite war'm all . . ··: . ....: . , ·:. . ,, ,: , · . :. ·..... : .
now. Pete: Kate what, seasons do they have now in that ,partof India Where
Pete: In Soc~i all trees are green in April1 .and in Moscow some times you live? , . , '.;.

42 43
Kate: Now they have spring. It is warm, it doea ,not ·raln. My mother 9. in the west - wpub[Rmtl
writes, the weather is fine. ' .. . 10. in the east - wriL&tlnunJmul
12
Pete: . Kester and Kate, are you not cold ? It is so cold now. Let's go 11. at all - oCJ11hwCJpw~bu
13
to the hostel and have some hot tea . Kate, you have got very 12. are you not cold? -'!b~" tlpubL
.. :,.· good tea. 13. to have tea - tullbL ([!tl~bL) rabJ
14. to turn yellow- 11b11CJbL
Seasons (2)
Exercises
There are·four.sea'°ns in a year: spring, summer, autumn (fall),
and winter:. .' ' · ...., ··· · l Use the words in 'the brackets in the ~orresponding form; .·
Spring is the -first season of the year. In Spring' the:weather gets
milder; :the. leaves1..on the trees become green, flovlers ·bloom. The fields 1. My sister (to live) in Moscow. . . . .
and meadows are. :covered with fresh green grasac ·Farmers begin to 2. My friends (to read) foreign journals in the reading room.
work tn·the fields. ihey plow the soil and sow diff~re~1 .·a:~.PS· · · · 3. It often (tp rain,) in our reg(on. . "·
·· When summer c6rrles, the weather gets : ~ W~USohletimes 4. Farlll~~. U<?° ~row) this crqp h~re? ,i .·
it's very hot. Summer is the farmers' busiest seas~. '~~ ·~ra~s must be 5. I (not to like) winter.
cut and the'hay mu~t be made while the dry weatherik.S;'" · · ·
Autumn is the harvest time, when farmers: glat~-trt)r,>s and fruits. II. Fill in t/Je blanks. w11h th.(J interrogati~~ words; what: whe_re.
The days:· get:shorter and.:ttle. nights longer: The iaa~e!f:!4m '~W and
14
when. who. whose.
begin to fall. The ground 1s covered with ththt ft ·:often :!Bms and
sometimes ifs rather:cotd~7 · ··. ·· ·-:'•~.G:.,·" · · !• '/; ' .
,_, ... ' When winter comes the weather gets cold;'..ft oftertst\tiJWs. There
1. ... does your fat~er work? H.e ,~orks on .tre farrn.
2. ... this girl? She is my siSter. .. ··· . .
is a lot 6f snow in.th'e 1flelds and in the forest. La~ •.rtvert 1 and streams 3. ... do farmers work in the fields?'Thewwork in the fields in spring,
are frozen.; . · .. •1:0;.• ~~ 1 . ;:- .··· ..
in summer and in autumn . .. l ;'
, ::. :.;: ·-oifferer'it farm machines work in the fielaJ- irt··t pring; In summer , I ;.

4. .. . is this? This is.my. d~~j_oo~ry. . .. ,

and ·in "autumn. In wiriter there are no machine~·ihl th~< fitlds:..: because 5. ... room is this? This is ·my rqom. . . . ·. ,
farmers don't work inthe fields in winter. · ... n• •·· ·• ·
Ill. Fill in the blanks with the following words: cold. summer, to begin,
StifW1bpti ~wpqwpwunu.Hl~~.;,
f';; "' • ' ;·
' .(9' W~,J;t'. tg live. "!onth. to rorf<. !ZQ/2.. tq plo~ t~ like.
1, to have a talk -qnmgbt.. ~nubL 1.
; '

Many different crops ... on the fields of our farm_.

'

2.. you see - ~fJ!lqtiu lnbuwutl bp 2. In ... the weather is hot.

3. · itt the: sooth ~ .t.n.Uriw\p~Ltl
4. in the north - hJn~utun't1 .· · .
.. l )'Wlaf.is the flra,tw!~~~r ,.._? :· , ;.. .
· · 4. Farmers ... the soil m spring.
5:, wnat ls ·thew~ttk&?•:.i- tiu!Ultiutiu t b11wuUJl4n~ <( ·s. Where do your fri~~ds .' .. ? .
6. +10°C (plus ten degrees) - 10° 2bplimraJmu !_ · • •
6. My father doe~_ not ...·, heJ:s .old.
7~ ·, ....,25°c;{mlfll.IS'twemy-11verdegrees) - 25° 2bptlm'fltJnLCJ:i.· · ·' ·
7. I do not ... autumn. ·.. . :
8. . heavy rains- wDt;Uui wCt6rtliCJbp " ;· 8. Is it ... now?
44 .. 45
 9. Summer ... in June In this part of the country. 6. Where is your notebook? It is in my bag.
10. We do not sow this ... in our region. 7. It is rather interesting to read some English journa1s on biology.

IV. Translate the following words and word combinations . into VII. A) Ask when questions.
Armenian.
1. Farmers begin to harvest crop in autumn.
computer center, every day newspaper, summer time, foreign languages 2. My sister goes to the South in summer.
laboratory, harvest period, farm machines, village school, lecture hall, 3. Students go to the library in the evening.
winter months, Moscow University hostel, biology department, south of 4. We always have our English ciasses in the morning.
the country, the climate is moist, different crops, to plow the soil, to
harvest the crop. 8) Ask where questions.

v. Express agreement or disagreement 1. "My friend lives in the hostel.

2. My parents work on the farm.
e.g. 1. It is cold in winter in Mbscow. - Yes •.lt ,ls.' · 3. ·We read newspapers in the reading room. · · ···
2. Nick lives in the hostel. - No, he do~s n.ot. 4. Third year students often vyork at a computer center.

1. It is cold in December in all parts of the world.

· ·2. · ~; I~ M0scow summer begins in May. . . . . , ...

3. Farmers harvest fruit in spring

4. Agronomists have a lot of work in the field::;. .. .

5. Farmers grow different crops in different regions. · Lesson 7 r,.

6. All students live in the hostel. ,. ·

7. · · It is warm in dur cras'Sroom.
8. It often snows in Moscow inspring.
9. You write letters to your mot~r every w~ek. 1. UfJn{1n2 U{Jgjw/ - Past Indefinite (simple). '
10. All our students speak English. 2. llwfJwqwqwfi fJb{1wfJnd1lil:if1 Many, milch, few, little. (Quantitive
'· '
pronouns)
, ...

VI. Transfat(j the fol/owing ~entiince$ Into Armenian. Pay attention to UCm11n2 UuQJWL - Past Indefinite
the function of jJ.
UJu dwllWuW4D:gmjg t \llWLtlU qnfl6n11rupjm(J· lfwll ~tl6W4, nn[l
1'. It is winter now. . lilbf'ltl t mubgb1 WCJQJWLmll: '·.
2. The ~limate of this part of the :country Is.ratHttr hot. It o~n raJns Past lndefinite-n hblll h~wtu ·.· qnriowo~nul .bCi hbliluJWL
here m summer. ·. llw4pwjCJbfl[! u L4W[lWqWJW4WCJ 4WL4W4gmraJmCJ(JbplJ . . ' .
3. Does it snow in Africa in winter? N,o. It doesn't-.i • · . · ago - w12w2 . · '· · ·
1
4. This is my friend's room. It is large. · yesterday - brib4 .· . .
5. It is my book. It is very interesting. the d~y before yesterday- .bnb4 !t' w11w2nu or1o,, ·_
.·.··
46 47
 the other day - onbnu. WUQJWL ona 1.4wh1.4wubLm hw1lwp: ··.
,last week,- .WU9JLI.Jl 2wpwra bpb pwJti·1 'ht'ltlJ?u wl{wnLnl{mtl t -e Lnw12nt.{, w1.4w -ed
last month - WU9JWL wtltiu wl{bLWgUbLt'IU WJfl,-eliiWl2[! u11.l{mtl t.
last year - wugJWL Lnwpti live - lived, type - typed
I took my book yesterday - bu lfbf1g{1bgf1 fltl Q/1f1RO bf1bf./:
UCJ4wunCJ pwJbnu '1rbug Past lndefenite
UJU dwtlwuw4a UWu gnLJ9 It U1WL'1U nnwn hw2n11'l"l tlp 2wr.1? hwuLnwlllw4wu l>uo 4w11mgmtl bu Lnwnpbp .l>ubnnl{.
qnnon11.mra1mGGbp wumwLmll: · a) wnllwLnti l>w1uw4,nrti lflnlfinlumra1wtlp.
I woke up at 7, ~haved and washed, then I had bn:NJkfast. - bu to come - came, to begin - began.
Wf1{duwgw dwtlo 7-flu, uwt/lf1lfl:igf11.J.1lfwglfbgf1, hl:ium uw/uwiwzbgfl: . b) l..lJ(1tlwuill pw11.w.l>w1uti t.Pnlfinfunt'raJwtlp.
to,r,nake - rnade- · ,· -
Unl{npwpwp WJU dwtlwuW4C! hwjbpbu 13wpqtlwul{ra~ t wugJWL c) hptlppu twl{bLWQUbLnl{.
4wLnWnJWLnl{, pwJg [!UU1 4nuuibpul1l'1 wJCJ 4wrinn t uwl:i.· ,.upqtlwul{bL burn - burnt
wugJWL wCJ4wlllwnnl{. ·- '"' '- d) npn2 pwJb~ aurihwunw~u !bu lfinjul{mtl.
He understood m(!J - .1. vw hu.luljwgwl/ pu4· 2.· ww::tuulll/wum t1 f f1 put - put,. set - set, let -- let.
: ,.
flud: ' '; ·" ,. ~ :, 1 : ·: I i .. ::·,' ..,. :
-.. ' , ., .,

( .To ~'. k ·Iii go PWJ~f1n. P~st lndefinlte aub~[! 4wqtll{nfo-l:iu ll,IJL

Culll Past lndefenite dwtlwCJw4'1 4w12mgllw(J wuQLbpbCJti pnLnr wt11.1wl(ICJbph9• r,;__ _ . \. -
pWJbna pwdw(Jl{nul b(J lJw.un(Jwynn (regular} u wuyw(JnCJ (irregular) ·. ,® ~,-wa;s; were , ·. :
PWJb11ti:- go - w~nt ' · ' -
4w(Jn(Jwl{nn pwJbll[! _ w~qLbnbCJmtl
1, .
4wq1~utl bu Past lndefenite
tlbowtlwuCJmra1mCJ: ·.~..:.. ~
,•.f ' , I
· .. to be - ·- v•'
4wCJnuwl{nn pwJbno Past lndefenite <3uo 4w12mgnul bu pwJti ; "' ' ·- ~
.. .
~

htillJ?tiu -edl{b112wl{n11mraJilL·UU wl{bJ.w§GbLO.tf, npo wnLnwuuiatmtl t' Altirmative - ·. - · Ne ·e111ve .- · ·-- 1nterr6 ative···
[ t ] - luml pw11.wl>wjuCJb11tig hbLnn work - worked fw:J:ktj I was I was not = wasn't wasl? -
[ d ] - l>wJCJb11. pw11.wl>Wjuu~ntig u l>wJUu140flfJbntig l'\blJln. You were You were not; weren't were you?
.\ -cl(fJ8n -- c/ffJ11n~lkh~·ncl}r-:mow-111owf!Jd fm:J11d/ '.'· hf/dfJ/ He,{~.h~ 1)ll_was _ He (she, It) was not= \Wisn··r wa~_ he (sp~•._it)?
[ id ], t u d -'19 hbllln We were. " :, I ,·- . · Wewere nof:i;wet(:ln't! · . .·· ·. were we? "
wait - waited f we1tid/, scold - scolded f 'sk:Jldidj You were.: ·- '. } ; ; 1

Yoµ w~r~not .=.*1Efren't , . :

- . .- ' . 1 . '. · · ·_ > ~ ·. I_ • • ,; ••

were you?
~
. ·:·\ : : ': . . ' :: i'.. : :. : ' . .
The were_ - The were not :: ·werenif . ·- .! ,'
were the .
b13b pwJ'1 hpllJ?(! l{bp2wCJmtl t -y lllw12m.t u q11 lllw12nu ,·· j · ,", .! { 'I .•· i•;i I ! ' ·,

Clwlunrt'lfllLl t P~l'\W~WJU; W~W .ectw4!btW9Crt:iJ.tlU - ;YlllWDD~l'Jl{mtl t ~ ··, 1. -. , ., 1 to·nave .-.

iLnw12nl{. 1.:.:1.,.-. ..• ;_ · ··• .., _l 1· °., .. ·, I';. ' ,I " }I '

, :. .d ty,- dried,1try..., lritK(PWJtl play- played i' ·, -,

6rab pwm ~h~' 4wCJ4w'CJ~ t t/ wl{wplrlijh'Lll,_t 'pw11.~l>~e~· w1.4w ·1 had
' liadl?
-edwl{blwg(Jbltlu ·~bfl2'1CJ pw11.wl>wJCJ[! 4n4CJL{mtl tt -·.· ., . , -: 1 · :·· '' . ,
DidJhave? _
stop-$lqpp(J<;J, hop-,__hppped,_{gw1.11f/mn(i1) ' ·' . _ ·_:. , · · ' . HadYou? . _
You had
Uw wn4nul f . .i.tuJ04~ .. -~WJtniil{nnti ' 4u.ir6 ' -h~tnrtnLraJnLU[! You didn't have ·Did .You have?
49
 She phoned us very oft6n lsst year - uw JWUJ hw6w/u ff1 tlbq
He, (She, It) had not Had he (she, it)? .
He (She, It) had qwuqnuJ wu!JJW/ UJWf1/1:
He, (She, It) didn't have Did he (she, it) have?
We had not Had we?
We had ~wCJw4w4wu 11bpwumCICJb11 many, much, few, little, a few, a little
We didn't have Did.we have? (Quantitive pronouns)
You had not Had you?
You had
You didn't have Did you have? Few-...__
They had not · Had·they? many>
· 2Wlil
They had much little_...- 1*1!
They didn't have Did they have?

Past lndefenite dwllwCJw4n hwngw~wfJ ·u ctfuU'1w4wCJ ~ubp[! Many . LI. few 11bpwfJmuCJbflC! · qn11owo4mll bu .. hw24btn
4w12mg4nul bu to do - did octwu11w4 pwJn u tRJtuuO'lwJnCi pwJr mri.rri. qnJw4wCtubpp hbU'l.. ..
lll!n (w12wug touwuun4tl) llp2ngn4: , ' _,;_ :. ~ ; . - . Many - qnJw4wu (hnqCtw4n ran4)
' ". ' ~. ' Few - qnJlPi4w6 (hnquw4r iarl.l} ·...
to work· ·.· Much u ·. Little 11bpwCtmuCJb110 qnpowai.tmll bCJ wCthL.U2~btr
,
. '··

qnJW4wCJCtbpp h~·lll: . ..
Affirmative Negative lnten-ogative Are there ·many chairs in your study? - Pn w2fuwUJwubfJ;w(/nuJ
I worked I did not work = didn'fworlt: · : ' ;DitfTwork? 2w "'UJ w;moubfJ l{uiu:
You worked You did not work= didn't work Dlcf'You work? I do not have much money. - bu 2wUJ t/m.fJ if!Lubu: .
. .;.·. :..
He (She, It) · (jft1~11e (she, it)'• ~

He has few friends. - uw Pfll [JfJl{bf1ubf1 m uft:

He did not work =didn't work Wdrk? ·. -· ·
worked I have littJ~ time. - t;u P/11 dwuwuwlj mubd.'
We worked · =
We did ·not work didn't work Did we work? <w6wfu hwul!lWlilW4wfJ CJw!uwriwumpJmCJCibpmll many u much
You worked You did not work= didn't work Did you work? 11b11wCm~CJCibpp 1.tu1iuwpbCJ qnpawo4mu t · ~ lot qf . (/p(s -. of)
Thevworked They did not work= didn't work Did-they work? wplflwhwJU'l·mpJmuo u hwz4btn. u wCJhw24bttl qnJw4wCJCJbpp · hblfl,
'• '. ;.: ~~ l i '\<"' .=

unu!11b12 hwrigw4wu Lt ctfu1.nw4wu CJw!uw11wumraJmCJCib11mu

to wiite ' . ·.. • ··1 I"
uwiuoui.nribtr bCJ manyu much 11-bpwfJmuubriQ .
I have a lot ofEnglish books. - ·f:iu 2wUJ wuq1bpbu qppbf1 mubtl:
..
Affirmative · Negative · 'W1terrogaUve He has a lot ofspare time. - bu 2wUJ wqwUJ dc.utlwuwl{ mfJbtJ:
I wrote I did not write = didn't wtite Did I write?
You wrote You did not write ; didnrt Write : Did Ye% write? Qnpow64btn4 a wunrin2 hn11n hbui few u little 11b11wumuubrio
He (She, It) ·- ' .
Did fie:(she, it) llb129 bu pbpl')ul cmri ptlu,iul/l. ,
He did not write =·didn't-write write? ·
wrote Afflw . ._ lltl 9wun · : ·· i·

We wrote We did not write = didn't write Did we write? A little-. - tl~ B~! , ., . ·
You wrote - Ypu did not write= didn't write~ Did you -write? .W~ ars leaving for a f~w days. - UbfJp ubl{umu bfJp 11/1 pwfJ/1 opmf:
Thevwrote They did not write ::i 'didn!t writ~ Did they write? He gave me a little ,money yesterday. - ·Uw ftud 11/1 JJ/7l t/mfJ UJl/bg
.~· . '
bpblj:
• • • . • •..... 1 ·,

Past lndefenlte dwllwuw4o uwll 4wph~·,_t QnLJQ ll1WL 4114Ci4n11

qnpon11.miaJmu wugJuitmll. ·' -'· ' ·
51
50
 Vocabulary Aram did not study the English language at school: He began to

i factory, n
at the factory
- [' frektan] ·
study it last year. Twice a week2 he didn't go home after work, but went to
the English club at his factory. He began to study English because he
wanted to read English bOoks and newspapers: · ·
2. hour, n - [aUC1) Now he studies English the second year. He reads, writes and
3. morning, n - [' mo:ninIJ] speaks English a little. He has many English books. We speak English
in the morning when we meet. · ·
4. afternoon, n ' - [a:fta'nu:n]
Dialogue
in the afternoon
5. usually, adv.
A.: Where were ybu yesterday?
as usual
B.: I was in the country with my friends.
6. finish, v - ['fm1J1 A· Was the weathervery cold?
7. free, a - [fri:] ' '
B.: Yes, it was; But in the morning the weather was fine; 'ft wash't cold.
8. study, v - (StAdI] Then it began to rain and it rained for a long time3 tittifgot·quite cold.
9. scfito611,' n -i[sku:IJ A.: When did you·oorhe home? ·
at school B.: We came home at 2 o'clock· in the afternoon. We did not have a
10. ·attar; v · · · · - [' a:ft3J good time4 in the country. · ·: · i

11. want, v "'.[wont] : · ·, \

12. write, v · · -[ra1t]

13. meet, v .,; ':{ilii:t]
from 8 o'clock ...... till 4 o'clock - dwlio 8-~g .. ..... li~u!li ctwlio
14. yes~erday, adv. ·. .:fjestl)d1] ~n:'.:· i,· r~:·. ~ ;··. ,. <: J , • _ _, j ~. '

the day b.~f?r~ .yesterday _'· .. twice a week~ 2wpwrao 2 wuqwli: ' :.· . { ' ' '
for a tong time - t:;p4wp ctwuwuw4mt:
to have .agbod time- tw4dwliwuW4 wug~Wgubt: : •·•. ·'
Text
Exercisjjs·
My friend
I. Form the Past Indefinite of tht!J fo/lowing verbs.
My friend Aram lives in Yerevan. ThiS~·1S hl~:fitst y~4ifln~lhis city.
A year ago he lived far from Yerevan in the north of.:lt1tJr 1ooliiiiY>He is a to be, to go, to have, tq C0!118, ~o ri;1in 1 to work, tq b~g!n, to live, to
student of state University now but when he lived in'the!fiortft1 ~worked speak, to want, ~o write, to ~tudy, tO llnish; to meet, to gather, to plow, to
at .a factory. His work was interesting and '.'he'i~ked 1mu$tfM ·working become, to .last, to re(id.
.,, ~ -, . '
1
day lasted seven houf's:. from 8 o'ttock in the m0rt1trif) tilt• o!C10Ck in the
afternoon. II. Tum the following sentenc#,s /fJ,tb Past lnde1nf~~·Teose'. ..~: .
On Saturday he did not work tilt 4 o'clock, he usually finished ' , . , ·· _ I · ~; , _ r. _ ··~~ , ~: ·: . ; ·

work at 2. He had a lot of free time on Saturday and Sunday. 1. I am .a student.

... "
Of the. Academy:
'
.MY· -' two , $is~ers
' :.. . · · I ·. ' · -,·.. .
are',· .stud~:nts
:. : . .· ,
too.
52 53
 They have English lessons twice a week. Their lessons begin at 9 6. There are (a few, a little) notebooks on the table.
o'clock.
7. She knows (a few, a little) English words.
2. My friend lives in Leningrad. He and his wife work much every
8. The students have (little, few) lessons today.
day. Their work lasts 8 hours. In the evening my friend, his wife
and their children gather in their little flat. ·
3. Spring comes late in Leningrad. It gets warm only in May and it VI. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the text.. ·
often rains.
1. There are several .. . and many institutes in Yerevan.
'' 2. Many students .. . in Yerevan and ... at these institutes.
Ill. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense.
3. They .. . to get different specialties.
1. It (to be) very cold. 4. . .. their lessons they go to the libraries.
~ ... 2. It (to be) very warm last winter. 5. Some of them go to the Public Library, because they want to .. .
3. Yesterday he (to want) to go to the ·country. English books.
4. When he lived in Yerevan he (to have) many friends at the 6. They work in the library ... a week, usually ti11·5 or 6 o'clock.
'University. ·' · 7. They go .. . twice a week. ·
5. Every day she (to read, to write, to speak)·English"
6. He usually (to .finish) his work at 6 o'clock. •· VII. Translate into English.
7. We (to go) home because it was cold.
8. Last year he (to study) two languages. A.
1. brib4n1w(J wu~rilillul tri h·gmriUl tri:
IV. Form the negative and inteffogative of the following sentences. 2. uw qribL t WJ'l qtlriRIJ britp uiwrip w11w2:.
3. - '\mp qtrillwCJbribCJ umtnrit·L bp "l'·~ringrull: - bu 'll4rmgmll
e.g. I went to the country last Sunday. - Did he !lJ2 to the country last qbritlwCJbribCJ . !bll umtnribl, bu wfJqL tritCJ bll onqnnbf 'll.4~ngnul:
Sunday? He did not qo to the country last Sunday. .4. bu gwCJ4wCJmll:tp hw£.111f'lutbl CJnwu nuJabrigwunwhnul: ·. · ·:·
5. · .till DCJ4briCJtrio 1gwCJ4wgw(J L1b4CJbf :pwriwepg 11mriu:
My friend went to the north yesterday. · ·. 6. · - bflb4 t•rip te 4briw'lwri61:iL UlmCI: - bu 4t'riw11wri~bl bll uim(J
dwll[! t.ttgp(J: / .. '
The farmers came to Moscow last year
My mother began in.the fields · two days ago 7. - b·rip ~e wqwriuiti. wzjuwtnwCJpo: - bu wt.twriuibl l:ill WJCJ ctwllo
hp(Jqp(J: '
worked to speak English
at school 8. brib4 tlb(Jp Lubgp(Jp 2wui hbtnw1metlri 11wuwjunumra1mCJ:
. . ~ ~, .
at home

V. Ch.oose the correct words in the brackets. 1. l°'ll oCJ4brimhp(J unqnriwpwri w2juwumLll t qriw11wru.uCJnul; pluJQ
bflb4 (Jw WJCJtnbrt !tri. (Jw uiw(J(J tri W'2juwuimt1: .· · ' · ·
1. Our students work (many, much) every day. 2. :;)bri hwmo 2wl11 t w2juwuinul: ···
2. He speaks German (a littl~. few). 3. bflb4 11wup ctwllp(J muwCJnriCJtrio 4wri11m·Ll tpCJ wCrqtbribCJ
3. He reads English very (much, many). ratniatn:
4. There were (little, few) students in the reading room. 4. - b·Jlp be gwCJ4wgtl unLtnribL wCJQLbribCJ: - bu ·gwCa4wgtl bll
5. · He ·has (tittle, few) work in tfie evel!lfng. um:(nflbl WJCJ wCagwo tnwri~. PWJQ ctwdwCJw4 ~bll mCJbgbL:
54
55
 5. Uuuwuo bu, WLl.lflnLU tll hJmununul Ii u4ubg1l WJUuibri umlnribL will odwu11w4 pwm pntnri 11l:itl9bflll hwuwp: . ..
WUQLbpbu: Cwpwrao bp4m wuqwu bu hwu111lll.lmli tll llli Next summer~ will go to the USA. - <wpnf111. wtlwo.tlbue qquwue
ou4bnn20. np(J wucabpbu LW4 qlli.ntp: UJdtl:bu junumli, qpmu Li. Uf1WUJW/ uwhwuqut;{1; . ' .
4w1111mu bu wuqtbribu un 4in1m: Uu12wuo bu mubll 2wui wqwui . .
dwuwuw4 Ii 2wui wzjuwuibgll wuqtbpbull 4pw: ( at English) <wuuiwuiw4wu uwtuw'lwumraJmuubpnul shall L..will ocJwu11w4
l"u4 WJctu bu Ll.lWflWLl.lnLU bli wuqLbpbu 2wpwra Ii 411riw411 opbpo. pwJbfllJ 4wrin11 bu unwuwt wu6uw4wCJ 'lbriwf.tmuut:ipnu Li 4wqubt
bpp ~bu qumu qnpowpwu: 4fl6WU'l 61.ibp: . · ·. .
They'll be here in two hours. - uw WJUU7l:ir/ f./1/lu/1 b(1f./m dwtl hbll1n:
I'll come tomorrow. - '-lwrzo t;u f./qwtl: .· · . , . .
. djuuiw4wu 61.imu not ctjuuiw4wu Llwuul14o 'll14nul t ·odwu11w4
PWJl19 hbuin: ·· ...· . .. . .
Lesson 8 She will not go there. - uw lf1 qfJuJ/",;~ LUJUU7brz~· . ·
.. -. . ·· k,muw4gw4wCt ·,tbq4nul not llun,1ufll;m.· lillw~wLn4 ·$hf!// Ii will
" odwu'lw4 pwJbpllu 4wqunul t 4ri6wui ctjuuiw4wu 64.bp; .. .·.
~bpw4wumraJ0Lu :· •
will not = won't - [wount] ·
1. The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense- Uunrm2 u/Ujwimfl dwtlwuwf./: :shall OOt.·=:~~rft .. ·~~ ua:ntJ .. . 1
,, ,•
• • •• :

•-·';', ":', ~1 ·.-1 . •,' ' ' ,. , \"I:·1.

2. Objective case - Opjb(/U7WJ/11i hn1nc/
. (wpgwij~~ 6~riLU octWU'lW4 (shall wi/g pwjbplJ .'lfl4r'.lLU bu
buraw4wJl19 wri~: ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·
The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.1..··. ·· -: ·
Uunrm2 wu.twou1l 'dwliwuw4 . ·! ,.,;r ... ... ;· WJ11 yo~·'!!~JJn~ 't~m4rrow?- '-lwrro Lt'l/!~~~nnk·'uflob:· .
' •. ~ \
• 1' 1
Will theywm,,,next week?:... U}f)t u 2wpwp fJ{1iuue (/qw"u: ··
l l·. dutUwuw4n QnLJQ ;-1 lllWLtw WLl.lW17Ull
. " ..· Uunrm2. :Wl.4Wl'JCl_ · ~wrrd ·h~~~wuiw4wu Ll.lwuiwutuwtio ·.w~wuu~ dwuwuw4nul
·qnnon11mraJnt~~ : 4wu:iwrilll\W . ctwUwCn.440 ·· 4wpnq · t • 1 u2L(tt-" .hbuiliJWL pw114wgwo t_. ~PP~lt~Jllu 4in~wrinun11 'lbflw~nt(ifig· ~:~~u'lw4 pwJllg:
uw4pwJubpn4 4wu" utwriwqwJUJ4wu ··4WL4lu4gmraJmuubpaj ..:. tomorrow Bhan wefntteJ:at the Institute? Yes, we $hall. ..:.. .:· · . . .
(c/WfJIJ), 17!1.Xt K'~~k. (month, )ltlflr) hw.pnf11J lUJPWfd (wtI/lu. ·t11Wfl/1), the day ' l.thuJfNJ/Nl/fJYP'/1fJuU7f1U7ntcnnuf: lJjn:: '· .
after tomorrow (c/WfJO lf tljmu Of10), in three days (t;pbp dflflg),:!: ·. 4w11iS- ~CJfUlilW4wu Ll.lwuiwutuwutl 'lPu.fpnul ·octwu'lw4 pwJl19
. , • i. w,,.s/111.U Q1e(!(.kf,mon:ow. - '-IUKJtJ tlbl!p ljhwufJ/JU/bf/JJ.": · hbum 'l114nutf.not~df\Ju1w~wu Llwu'1n4u: : ·;. · ' ·· -: '. 1 • ·
He will come in two hours. - 0(11./nt dwtlflg uw f./qw: . ·;,· . . · '· Shall we m_eet a.I the Institute? No, we shall not (shan't). -
~ i. ' 1 :; . . ~ l i."if • . ·, ' . f{fJiit{Jqf1uJbu)J/16uu1/unn'itnhit1: n;: . ;... ' 1· ·, . · : . ' • ' .
. . 1:.:1· i :..._: • 'i i
··! f . i· 1 ,

Uunrin2 Wl.1.lw121Jn .ctwuwuw4o 4wquL(mu t shall (I 11bu9mu . UCmrm2 WLl.lw12u~ dWLludh.UlllJ ·:!11 qnp0w6\{mll ''moowfnltlUl-1lt
bqw411 Ii hnquw411 ra4bpnul) Ii will (II Ii Ill 'lbll9bpmu bqw411 Ii hnquw411 Ll.lWJUW~ll .. ~1'4rinri'lw4wu uwiuw11wumrajntCJub(l'niu: · upw ijmftit.Upbu
@4Gflm~t.,:odl/U~fl.~4- IJWJb(lll· l.i.·. lf11lilWUUl '.fl';lilJll 1lu~1lu1'liir.J~11lll (wunpnz
04uiwqnpOttftWi t wCirlfln2 {Jbp4w ··dWuu11iw4b', nf'lD rawflql1Uiu4mu t
hwJbpbu 0116w4wu w~O~nij: .: ·. ·. · · " ·· ::·. • · :'. · '. ·. · ::. ,
61.ill) w12wug to LlwuCJfl4ll ~Wf1':U'ltlnLPJWUp! . ) . .· · 1.. r· ·· 1
:'.

She will go to London next montJJ. ..... <wpnpq...wtJflU utµ quw1m t . I'll help you if I have lime. - l:Jpb d_wtlw_uwf./ mubuulll, ./:iu qoqublJ
p/Jq: · \ i'· · .: . '· . .·· \ .o.· . ·:v :' ·... \ •';'.:· ·.: ' . ...·
l(lfJr)nfJ..:,! ; . . • ' .. ;" '· " .
..
I shall have exams in June. - <mufluflu t;u Jj(JuntpJmuubf1
f./m{!li[J_IJ:Jt}: . · ,· ·., .. ..... .. , '. .. .:,_co. :.1· . .. . dwdwGuJtt~ bp4flnf'l'lW4wD uwju.WfiwumpjnLfJCib~o·:. :. qWquL(mu
· ctw~wuw4w4f1g. wuQlbf'lbumu .hw&uju· 1oquiw~npo4mu t unwJu bu hbuiL.Ju.iL ·~w114uill.l~bf¢1 Llll2ri9ht.tr when - /Jf1p; before • 11/lO!b~ as soon
• : ; ~ • • • 1 ' ~: •
1
• / •~: , ~ I•
as - hl:iug nf1, after - uf1wuf1g hl1U7n, till~ tlf1uj u WJL £J: wClniq. tuu. ·· mq. tuu.
"lwJllwujl tpl.jpnp11wl.jwu CJwtuw11wumraJmCJCJtno l.jwqllt.lmll tu if Give me .the book. - Smf1 f1ud qf1f1plJ: .
- l:ital:i 2w11l.jw1.4n4: niq. tuCI. wClniq. tuu.
When the summer comes, we'll have holidays. - Give the book to me. - Smf1 q/1f1plJ f1ud:
Gf1p wtlwn[J qw, tlbup w{1dwl/i1Lf1f1 qm(Jt;[Jw(Jp:
They will meet as soon as Uley finish their work. - Vocabulary
Uf1WUR l/hwu11/1utl:iU hb[Jg n{1 l/t/b(1pwg[Jb{j /1(1/;Ug w2/uWU1WUp[J:
I'll do it tomorrow, ifyou let me. -
1. holidays, n· - [' b:JhdeIZ] - wp~·wl.jmp11utp
btab fanLJ/ U1Wp, bu f]W t/WfJ[J qw(Jf;tl:
2. week, n - [wi:k] - zwpwra
weekly, adj - zwpwraL~wu
Objective case - Op1l1l/U7WJ/1U hn1nt/
3. heat, n - [hi:t] - znq, LnWl.4
4. depress, v - [d1' pres] - 6CJ2tL, 22lltgCJtL
UCJqLtntCmul wu~uw4wu 11tnwumuutno riLCJtCJ · tn4m hnLnt.l'
5. vital, adj - [' va1tl] - triwu11mu, qn11omu
m1111wl.jwCJ uOpJbl.jLnWJ~CJ: · .. •
6. gay, adj - [ge1)" · -·mpwtu. ·tuu11mu
7. grow,:.v (grew;
.grown) - [grau] · . · - w6tL. hwumCJwflWL
8. ski, n - [ski:] - 11whml.jutp
· ski, v ". . .. ·~ 11whml.jubpmt uwhtt_
9. sunny 1 a<g - [' Shill) . - 1. WflLWJpCJ 2. mpwtu
10. frosty, adj - [' fr:Jst1] - UWDUWUWCJjlew1jlCJ,
... gmflLn'
11. walk',':· v· - (W:>:'k) -JqpnuCJtL · ·
: .walk·,'n: · ~ qpnuu.iug· ·
to ijd 'for a walk /- qpnufJbf · · ·
12. snoWball;·n .. - [' snau~:lf · ; :. auwqufln
.. ,
snowball, v ' , ,.,
- auwql'.J11~ ·tuWriwL
·'· '· ' --. . . 13. wild, adj ' · - [wadd] - 1: l!wm~·; t.twJptun
nL1111wl.jwCJ hnLnt.lnt.l 11nt.two wu~uwl.jwu. . (lltnwumuo " - 2. wfl'~wp11wpuwl.j,
UWfuWllWUmraJWU Ub2 h_wu11tu t qWLjlU np1.4bU·tCJraw4w' wupui.Ul.j ..
. He is an actor..- uw 11l111wuw[J t: . .' · . 14. ~alty, adj'. - [' hel01] . - WDnr\2. wbn'l,2Wl"Wf'l
·OpJb4LnWJ'1CJ hnt.m.lm! 11nt.tw.o 11tnwum~n hwCJ!lbu t qwtnu 1·s. back, adv · ···:. [brek) · - tLn,·110L411 tm · ·
n~bu luUll~I" (m'l.'111. w(mL'lflW4'1. CJwfu11riwLtnp): . 16. during, prep. ~ [djuanl)) - [!urawgenul
"·
. nui.iw.· . during my holidays - /111 Wf1dWL/nL(1l}/1
Do you know him well? - 'Jm Uf1WU 1w·t1 q/unbu: []Upwgpm t!
wClmf\. tuCI. ' 17. enough, adj - [1' nAf] - pw4w4wuw1wlfl
.Please, send!Ji!!1 a lel(er. - luufJ{1miJ btl, uwllwlt mqw{li//1f1 Uf1WU: enough, n - pwijw4w6, ·
· UJCJ ,11tuu~mll, b11p wunu1'lw4'1 tuu11nrm hw2nn11mll t m11'111 ' pwlf~l.j~CJW!Wlfl
fuu11nnu. 11t11wumujlg wriw2 qnpowot.tmu t to uwfu11~110: . .
' . .
' ,·

58 59
 enough, adv - pwLl w4wu t ·Exercises ···
18. term, n - [ta:m] - 4~uwll1w4; ubllbUlllfl
19. source, n - [s~:s] - wrip1nq1, I Insert the missing words.
u4qpfiwripJmp
20. spend, v - [spend] - ctwilwuw4 1. Where will you go for your' ... this summer?·
wug4wgClbL, 2. In the ... I usually wOrk ·oh the fam1.. .
q4wp6WUWL 3. .1don't want to .... Lef take a bus. s
21 . exciting - [1ksa1t11J] - tmwurimu 4. Bob .. . his little sis~er am0ng the girts. '·
5. The day was ... arid the friends· Went to the cOuntry.
. '' 6. Tomorrow we shall re~d a . ~.. te>.~ , · ·" · · '.
Text 7. If it is warm, the farmers wtll be~in to plough .. ;. we~k.
8. Do you . . . he will ... us? ' ' ' ' ' . ' I. " ' ':'
Winter holidays 9. · Will you ... me the book? ·>' · ··. ·· " ·.:' ' '·' ·
·:our. winter, .holidays will begin i~ a ·week1. Generally ;speaking I 10. There are many ... trees in our ....
like winter more than summer, because summer heat pepr.~es me. As ·1t. · Whaf<tid you ·.:.·,1aSt' sundeiy? · ·
to winter ·it's sO ·Vital:.arid gay. Winter holidays:.are th~ source of, great joy 12. I didn't ... her in the cinema. ·
for me. · ·· · \ ..: .. ! .. 13. When wi!I they come ... ? .
· . ~ · The .S:t,tJdents ·from my group will go to different parts of our 14. What IJViff yotr.d(f;:: yot'id1olidays? ! " .• ,,.: ". '.· . ' '
li ' ~::!\;\'
1
;f 1J \'.'(r ; ·I:.! . ... . •;.. .. ) ·-,. :~'! . .~· i • ·.;- · .. \
country. TfleY,,wiH go tp t~e north and to the . south, to the ..!ilSt and to the
west. :1.... , , ·: ·" . II . Us~ "shall~ "WI#'; .':yratkltheir-negatiVes as'aj:JprdprlattJ:<~ere
· My close. friend Aram will go to Tsakhkadzor. He will go there by "going t&• alsi:ilitliwetl: Wfffethe senlehce·agalti using this:lo1tm. ,•
2 3
bus , he will not go there by car • He was b.QQl and grew up tqere. There 11t's late. I think I (to take) a taxi. · · · · -' :
he finished sctjqgt~ Next week he will see his parents and friends.-.@gain. 1. Look at.the weather! The sea (to be) very rough this aftehioon::
He will ski with·..~i$ friends on sunny frosty days. Th~· w!U,,~aJk i.n the ·2. They (to' t>efs~asick 'oh ttte boat ···. " : ·· ·· ,.: :·
forests, play at~p~alls. Winterfor~st& ~are . ~q quiet, wild:a11d ~~ng. 3.·.· T~at exercise :l!fve~ .?Ompli~'.· ((to .he~p) .Ybu do it! ·.:': '.
Ar:a"1 i~ .sur~: .that t~ere is nothing more healthy aqd ·tlXC.i~ir;ig than 4. . We, arc;t.flr,s.!-year sU.J~en~; an~ iri ' four-~ar~· (fo ·b'eeome) we
win~r .hqli~y~ ~p~r,it 1n Tsakhkadzor. He will.~me back next ~onth. ·. · · ~grono'mlSt~fand forester5'. , · · ·. i, :,:;1 .· ·; ...:.. ._ "''" - .
... : ~ Jor
• . .• '
me
J.shall stay in Yerevan during my holidays. ·1want to go
~ '' j• . '. .
5. I (to gQ) .to the library tomorrow. ·i (to re~d) abouforganrc
'·" th~f en~6Pedialhets ;..... ' ..· ' .. ! ;',, .ir;,· 1
natute in
· •· :· .' ·) ( . ~:
to museums, theatre~ and cinemas. I shall visit my friends and relatives,
as 1.diq?~~ .~fl~.0.· ~nq~ghJime to do it durinp}h~ ·term~ I wa~ Joo ~µ~y. wi~n s. · He is t60 busy·today/b~t h~ (to d6) it t0morrbw~ he 'promises;
my stud1e~. I.thin~ I sha~ hay~ a good rest~ .m;Y.~~van. ,. ;'. ., .· .. . 7. John (to know) what to do. '
8. They don' like the Smiths so they (notto ~peak) to tt1~m · ~: the1
Sb_gUln~ ~wp~;Lj;u'.ignL~· .: ,, . , . party tonight. .
f ~ 'l l .. ~ • I 1

9. He (not to plant) shy and 1

eatJbages
hext yeat. "· .. ' . ' ohions
1. in _a w.eel(-;-ll~4· 2.wpwro~g 1O: ~-~ (t9 .di~) ~e. wee~.s out pf th~ . v~getabfe's· patch ·tomorTt;)w Qf
go'
by bus, ~~ w:L{Ulnpmum~ QUWL ·, :th,li.tay -after fontom>w1·, · · · · .. ·!: .. · , · · · · ,· ' ·· ·
2. to
3. to ~o by ~r ~ ,db~b6wJm~ qCJw[ · . ·
.. '
11. ·.MY car needs a service badly but I {not to take) it fo ttie garage.
4. to have agoocfrest-
twl! hwuquuiw(Jwl ' '. ;' •J.' (_. •, .· •\.1.';·:.i:" ;·: I · ·,; f. , ' ' . '• · .: . • ,·' : •.' ... 1 ,.1 \ •• • •

60
 Ill Form questions to which the marked parts ofthese sentences are 4L'1CJbll:
the answers. 5. 4wrm gnqnn 4L'1Uj'l:
6. . n,,~wa(J 4uiuj'l ~n flWUWjunumra1muo: ·- UJU 4Lnuj'l tlb4 ctwll:
1. The guests will arrive about three. 7. Ub11 U4wrtbllj'lwu 4uuiwuw un11 hwllw4w11q!'l!Clti11 hw2n1111 wllj'lu:
2. She will serve the tea in the garden. 8. bu 2wui ctwllwuw4 !bll mutuw Ltwrm, n11utbuqj'l oqubll pbq
3. I shall mow the front lawn in a fortnight. 4wuiw11bL pn U1UWJ'1~ w2tuwuiwlipQ:
4. They will decorate the house with flowers. . 9. Cwlnbj1[! Ltwtubunul bu, n11 2muin4 un11 U{WU1bj1Wqll 4L'1un:
5. They will talk about their institutes. 10. UJuo11 b11b4nJWU bu oura11mtl bll j'ltl DU4b11ub11j'l hbui:
6. She is going to ask her tiusband to cut the grass. 11. b"11p bp flnLf? wLtw11uibLm U4wrtbtlj'lwu: - ~n11u uiw11mg:
7. They are going to sit in the. sun.
8. I am going to take my dog to thfi!,vet.
9. I am afraid the work will be tiring for you.
10. I shall translate the text in writing.· ,
Lesson 9 ....
IV Use Present, Past or Future Si;,ple, giving the apprp~riate form of
the verb in brackets. . ,
'
1. There (to be) a very interesting lectu~e next Mon~y. . The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
2. He (to be) eight year old when he we.nt to school. . Uow4wuub11'1 u llw4pw1ut11'1 hwtlttlwuimra1wu w.uuij'l6wuut110
3. Next week we .(to take) our exams on biology. . . ; !

4. . After classes.these students usually (to go) to,the chess club of

1' • .' • ' ' , , •• uaw4wuut110 u tlw4pw1ub11'1a mutu hwllttlwuimra1wu b11be
the Academy. . ... wuuij'li!Swu' 1Jf1Wl/wu - positive, hwtlbtlw1J1wqwu - comparative, Ii
5. • Ar~.m (to play) tennis well. . qbf1Wfl.f1Wl/WU· - superlative. <wllbll'wViw4wu ··· u qb11wrt11w4wu
6. She (to graduate) from the Academy .i.n three ye~rs..·· . wuuij'l6wuub110 4wqllllmll bu b114m 4t11uf
7. Tonight I (to .b.e) b~$y, l (to cic>) my homework1 , ·. . ·. ,.. · 1. lJnwLtw.u4 u n11n2 b114Ltwu4 waw4wuut11 u tlw4pw1ubr
8. Jomorrow w~ (to ~~v-'f}r.'o E~glist:t lect~re... . ·. : . ·: : , .· . .
I .;.. l . • ' •

hunl~llW,U1w4w..u wuuij'li!SlUuo 4wqllmll . ~fJ pwnj'l hj'lllpj'lu ~r, .bu4

9. Yesterday we (to leave) the library ~t 4. We (to,have) a meeting. qbj1Wflr'IW4WU WUUlj'lt'Swuo' -esfLtb112w~nphL(ajnt~(f wllbLWQUbLn~.
1,0., Uta .be) ready in~ few minutes. .. . . •.· ~-·· .
·11 ~ The day after tomorrow our English lectlJre (to l~~),for twQ hours. Uow~wu UwqpWJ
12. I (to manag~) to read text ?n s~cialio/ in fTIY thirq'X@~r. 'lriw4wu wuui~i!Swu high ·· early
<wllt:illu.ililw~wu wuuij'li!Swu higher " e·arlier
V Tr.11.~!~te into English Qbriwrww4wu wuuij'l6wu hig.hest ear1iest .

1. u11wug 41lt4ubu Ln(Jq.nu bp4m 2wpwrataQ; 2. Pwqllw4wu4 u lltl 2w112 tri~Ltwu4 wow4wfi~b~o L: llw~pwJCibro
4. UJu wllwa bu llULULnL.bll pwqwj2nu1; . .·.. , . . . ~wq~mll bU' ~(lb{,g hwllbllwuiw~wu . u · qb11wrt11w4wu
3. Cwpwra 0110 tu utwui11wuuiLtmll t:id uiu4bl .un11 6wrifl4CJbn j'lll wuuij'l6U,fuut110 more /m~:] - llit/bJ/1 u . inost /moust] - wtlbuf1g
ut4Jl1Ulbqmll: ._ ·, . . . .· . , pw11b11'1 oqumra1wllp. · · ·
4. u~ qwuqwhwpbp j'lu6 1-j'lu: bu WJfl ctwllj'lu q11wrtw11wumll

62 63
 uawl;wu .Uwf/pWJ unwCillwCI hwlI14wCin2Cit11n ctfulI11lwCI ctwllu.iCiw4
'lpw4wC1 wLILnnlSwCI Interesting easily . oql11wqnp6Ltmll t not so... as... (n1 WJuewu... nf1ewu...) 2w114wum.
<wllbllwlI1w~wCI wulI1n6wCI more :interesting more easily He is not so clever as his brother - l.Jw WJuewu /ub/Wg/11t n{1pwu
C\bpw1111w4wCI wUtJ1n6wCI most inter~sting: most easily /1{1 bqpUJjf1{}: .
The more... , . the better... l11nl..4n 4wom9Ltwoenll
UfJqLbribumll qnjnLfajnLCI m(Jb(J lln 2~119 wow4wuub11 Li Clwjuw11wumraJmCICib11n b114m llwub11a. n119wCI u4uLtnul bCI wow4w1J~
llw4pw1ut11. n11nC1g hwllbllwl11w4wu Li qb11w11nw4wCI wul11n6wuub11a 4wll llw4pwJn hwllbllwl11w4wu wulI1n6wClnll Li n11nzn1 hn11nll,
4wqllllmll bCI pwgwomra1wC1 4w11qm.t. raw11qllwuLtmll bu n111.4bu' nf1ewu 2wU1... , w;uewfJ 2UJUJ...
The more we read, the more we know - nf1ewfJ 2WU1 tlbue l/Wfl!JnLtl
bup, WJUpwfJ 2wU1 tlbup f1tlwumt1 bue:
1. good (wow4wu) - LWLl Most(of), n11nu hw2n1111mll t qn1w4wu raw11qllwC1Ltmll t n111.4bu'
well {llw4pwJ) - LWLl } better - best .tlbowtlwufJmp;mfJ, tlba tlwuo. .
Most stur/(lnts speak English well- nwwfJ.nfJ.ubf1/1 tlba tlwuo.1wt/ bu
2. bad (wow4wC1) :.:: Ltw.µi f worse - worst
jununuJ wfJqJbf1bfJ: .'
badly (llw4pwJ)- Ltwl11
. :·' .

3. little (wow4w~)'~ ¢ne11 ,}.

less - least Vocabulary
~ '
.Jittle c~~4pwJ) - 9n1 . _
')" ~ ,>" I ' ' - ~ ' • ' : '

•l

4." ·- many ...: zuAn

' · '' ..., . . , . .} ;
1. capital, n .:: [' k~prtl] - Lltuj~W9WflW9
} more - most 2. centre, n - [' senta] - 4bCllI1pnCI
,.
.. much .~ 2Wl11 ~
' \ ; ' ,, ~ ~' - • . : . ' i; : : .. •, I
' I : ' ,

3. city, n - [s1t1] -9w11w9

. .· .· 5: .. · f~r (w6w4!.1JCI) :-· ~~r>w~n11" } -~ . farthest .· town, n - [taun) - 9w11w9 (wLtwCi) ·
· far (llw4pwJ) : hboru . . . . er - 4. world, n - [w~:ld] - w6jl,Jwph
:· ' . q
5. century, n - [' sentfun) - l)Wfl . . . ·; ,·
; · ·.. ·· ·. :. utiRL~.n~,Cin(ll .l, humtawl11.~.4~d... ;lpuv;lr~wCl_n~.~'. .~q~:w~~~~l[wo We are living in . - UbfJp WlJ/f1nLtl b(Jp .. ..: . ..
w~4wu~~[l~ ,~ ~~4P~Jtj~[l~ .hbl11 ~~Zlll ()QlllU;Ji;p11l6l[mll t .than - ewu the 21-st centq,Y. 21-PIJ f1Wf1nttl.· . . ,
zw~~wuJa:. ( ·· " "··" ":' · · · · ... 1..; ·· · .. 6. sea, n "." [si:] , -:- .onLt . -'. . .. · I . . . ·'· 1

H.fl is cleverer tharf !Jis brother - . uw wt/bJ/1 /ub1wgf1 t ewu /1{1 sec;aport, n... · - [si:p6:.t] ·~ Gwl[t.4hwClqnulI1 ..
·a·.. ·ui' ·" ·
'f/P, ..qff!'.
··.·_, ·'· · · ·
. .• ·"
.· ·
'<:.'· I':... : .
7. s!tUa~~. p.p.. -r
~tjueJtI~] - lI1brtW4WJLlWO · . ....· .
: ·q~pw1111w4wu w6UJ~wG~triu Lt tuu~n6wClnl[ 11ri~~g to be·situat~ · . - qlI1CILlbL, .lI1trtw4wJ~bi.. .
llw4p_WJU.~fl[! 4pmll bCI the nrin2~1 hn11a. . .: . . .. The city is situated Qf! . - ~Wf/.W/}[J QLll~~n~tJ_~ ,,..
Is
fh)s . the ta{gesf' room
of our flat '::_:-' 'Uw ·. tibj1 n.~fJwf{wf1wuf1
1

the bank otthe n'v(!r. . .. qbU7/1 wl/1f1fJ: . -.

. -.wtlb(Jwtl~a µb{llff/1.U.:(" , , ,,, . , ,. . l . • . ,. : . • · : · 8. wid~. a . - [wa1dl , - []Clr}wp~w4 . . . ;. . '
:·;· . ' ·.·· .: '~ ur~:O'llw~'.-' Hwlri4~:P~2.~~:~. ·~.~ilb~~~~~~u qnnowo~.mll _t as... I'
9. deep>a , ·' " · · ... - [di;pJ . - lun11 ..
8$:.~ /tlJ}upwD,. ;J!f11JW~.. .J2wri.ljw~o· " ."· ..•.. 10. heart(1), n ' ' -_[ha:t) .:'"." utmUl ' . ·.. . .. .'
· · He is as·
cle~er as hiS broil1eF- uw W;upYJu tub1wg/1 ·t npptiJu /1f7 She hQs a weilk hiJart. ·
' ' .

Heart '(2), n.. .

, ' I, '

· ·.
~ . .
.. ) ; .' '

- UW fJ("lJ/ U/1f1U,J f1l (Jp: . ,. · ...

bfJ.PWJf11J: - unri~ (4bCllI1pn(f) ..

6S
 The Republic Square is - <wupwu;bU7mp1wu India is a densely - <uq{/UJUU7UJU[] /u/1U7
<f/UJU/UJ{1UJ{/[] populated country. puw[/l/wa bf11//1f1 t:
in the heart of Yerevan opbwu/1 uf1f1U1u t (l/buU7f1nuu t): dense, a - [dens] - futlUl; rawCJOn
11. busy (1), a -['bIZI] - qPw11.4.w6 (liwp11m llwutiCJ) 20. populate, v - ['p:)pjule1t] - pCJw4bgCJbt
busy(2),a - llwp11w2wlll (1.tm11.ng, pwriwp) Densely populated. - lu/11.n puw[/bglfw<t:
12. people (1), n - [pi:pl] - dn11.n4.mri11. wqq 21 . Goverment, n - [' gAvnmant] - ~w11w4,wnmra1mCJ
We study the History - Ubup wugumtl bup Utlbf1/11/UJJ/1
ofthe Peoples ofAmerica. df1fJnl/nLf11JUbf1/1 U/UJU7tlmp1mu:
people (2), n - llWflf'Jtl4, pCJW4!nLfajnLCJ
There were many people Text
in the street - <tibQngo tlUJf1fJUJ2UJU1 tf1:
13. square (1), n - [skwea] - ~WDW4mufl London
A square has four sides. ?.'Pwnw{/mu/lu mu/11nf1U {/f11]tl: London is the capital of Great Britain, it's political, economic and
square (2), n - hpw~wnwlf ,, · cultural centre. It is the larg01tcity in Europe and one.of the .largest cities
There are many beautiful - opL.wumu 2wU1 qbrzbg/11/ in the world. L9ndon stretches f0r 1 nearly thirty miles from north to south
parks squares in Yerevan. qpnuw1q/1ubf1 L. hf1UJU/U.Jf1W[/ubf1 [/wu: and for nearly2 thirty miles from e~st to west. ·· ·
square, a - ~w11w4muti The population of London is more than nine million.
A square mile (metre). - pwnw{/nw/1 {/tl (tl) !londoti is an old city, more than tWenty cenfures. old. It is older
14. build (built), v - [bdd] - 4wnmgbL of
than most of the capitals · the world. Loridon is one of the greatest
15. district, n ~ [d1stnkt] - zri2w(J seaports situated on the Thames which is so wide and deep, that
syn. region 4
seagoing ships3 can easily come as far as London Bridge. .·.
Yerevan is devided - bf1L.wuo pwdwuljnul The mosfimportant, parts of Lotidon are the Clty5 , the West End6,
into districts. t ;ppwuubf1/1: the East Encfand Westmklstet8 >' · · ·
16. poor, a · - [puaJ - w11~wlll The City situated in the heart of London is the busiest part of the
Lomonosov came of - Lmlnfmum/o wqpwU1 capital. But its territory is not so large as that of the West End. There are
a poor family. ou1.nwu/1p/1g t:. · many big banks and various offiees.there. Hu'ndre~s of thousands of men
ant. rich, a - [ntJl - hw4, hwrmLulll and womenwork in the City, but hardly9 more SOCJ() j>eopl~ llVe'there.
poverty -[' p~vat1] - wru~LUlllnLfajnLCJ · : The·hou~es of the tic~;: the most beautWut ;parks and: sqoores; the
17. area (1), n -'['ear1a] - llw~bpbu, lllwnw6mra1mCJ best theatres and museums are aH in the West' Ehd. The British Museum
The area of our farm - Ubf1 U1Utnbumra1wu t.nUJf1wO'mp1muo and the National Gatlery, are also here. The flnest Lon.do.n park - Hyde
is aboot 2 krrf. tln1.nwlfnf1wt,qbu 2 qu' park is in this district too. ·· ·
Area under crop. - QWU9WU1WflWOnt.Pff1L(J · The,West 'End fs the richest part of London, the East End is the
area (2), n - .p6wqwl{w11 poorest one. There are no big·parks and beautiful buildings in the East
The fUea ofhis - vpw w2tuwt11wup/1 puwqwl/wno · End, it is an industriatarea With nam>w streets,'factories;and docks. It is a
work i$ agriculture. QJnt.f]UJU7fJU7bUnt{a}f7iuu t: densely populated district of working-class families;: : · . ,
18. naiTow, a . -f nierou] - CJb11. . Most of' the Goverment buildftlgS · a're · in . 'Westminster.
1

ant.wide;· broad - hw4, LWJCJ, oCJ11wpOw4 Westminster Palace is the seat of the British Parlament. There on a high
· 19. densely, adv - [densh] - futllll tower we can see a big clock called Big Ben.
66 67
 Sb9ul1l'1 l4wriqwpwunul Ill. Open the brackets. Put the sdjecUves ·or adverbs in the correct
degree. .Translate the sentences/nto
.
Armenian.
1. To stretch for - uiwriw64bL
2. Nearty - llmn, llnuiw4nf1Wl4bu 1. London is the (large) city in Europe.
3. Seagoing ships - 6m{wJ'1u Gw4bfl 2. · Moscow is not so (old) as London.
4. As tar as - llnu1u 3. The rich people live in the (good) part of London.
5. The City - U'1ra'1 4. The poor people live in the (bad) part of London.
6. The West End - 4bura l:iu11 5. Leningrad is (young) than Moscow, but it is 'not so (young) as
7. The East End - t"luui l:iu11 Bratsk. ··
8. Westminster - 4bULnlltlGurao
9. Hardly - hwqn4 ,ab IV. Translate into Armen(~n. Pay ':Sttention lo · the, · degrees of
comp1Jifson of the adjectives and ·adverbs in ··tfle following
•' , . Exercise$ sent"nb/;Js. ' ·
)·
1. Phystes and Mathematics · are the easie~f'subjectS for' me but
I. Fonn degrees of comparison .of !he followi119,. adjectives and Chemistry is the most difficult. . · ·· · ,
. '•, -~ : ····: · ~. ' ~'' . . .. '. .. .· . .
2. My friend plays chess· b'1tter than many other· st~~ent~ of our
' ,' ' '

adverbs. .,,
.. .
group. · ·
.. , ' I

. Short, long, much, well, ~usy, important, bad, necessary, big, 3. · There are not so many books on agronomy in the ,library ofour
good, badly, fine, many, few, difficult, llttle, fCH,:, . heavy, strong, Academy. . .. . . ·
thin, low, fast, beautiful. · 4. The population ofM~cow is more .than seven milU(>n .. ·
5. The best seasons in Engl~nd are spring ~nd summer.· ·
6. The nearer the winter, th~ colder the day~. :
'
II~ Read the following senl~nces. Pay.11ttention t() the .degrees of
comparison of adjectives and give the English afl~wers of the 7. The better the summer, the better the yields.
. followipg,ArfTlenian ~entences. 8. The worst mon~hs in E11gland are January and February; .
. '· , . 9. The longer thef 1igh.S; t~e . shorter the days. ·. . . · .· ·
~etter su~je~t.
. ' .' : \,! ;

1. . M.Y brother is older11t~an my ,sister. . · ... ,. 10. The more we, study;.'the·
.. .. ' '
V:le know
., :
the
. '
. ,
,.. ' ' '

o~n-~n~mo qb"o t ,pb ~n.e11 Obp bqpnri.~g; .· . • • ' ·· , ; :' . . ·,. ~I · I , . .'

2. q~13mistl)' i~ r~iffi~t. butMa~hern,a~p&· i~more d.ifflc~lt: .Physics is v. Fiil in the blanks .wi/11.the!words and word combin~lions :fromthe
text . . . . .· .,; ' . ·: . · ·. · . · ... ·
the most difficult subject, I think. . . "., t·' .-
t;nb~rwr2wri4w~bn·tl9 n·riu tra~n~~ :htn!W~nu i~~~Awhb2l1lO u
nriG' wllbuw11ct4wric:i': · : , :>' · . 1. .Washington is.~ .. _. .. C?f th:eUnited Sta~&;t;>f Am~rica . .
3. . This filJTI is.as b~ ~~ t~e. film that I. saw •me days·• · · 2: Odessa·... on the shore of the Black 'sea ls a .....
<wllbll""'IJ)4.JJ11~hl~.~l_l'19 nriu t, wl{~p L~Llo.: . : (':r . 3. What,.. .~q yo1.llive in? . ' ... . . .
\ 4. The wealh~r itodflY i.s wq~~·#la!'l it.wa~ .y~erday.. 4. He cannot go to the theatre today; ha·is ......'.': · ,' .:·
UJUOl'I LW"4 bl\W~4J4 t; ; , . :; ' 5. Moscow is highly developed ind.u$trial ... . V
· .·. S1 . . "fhe weather _yester48y 1W~ not sq bad ~s it is today. : . 6. . ,J.here are mal"!y .~·· $tfeets a~ ,.. in Moscbw.· ·
l:i"pp tri bQWUYJ40tWlf'WlJO~fl JOl:i brib4:. · ... 1:· Moscow is older .:. Leningrad. · ·
, .·. !] ~k. Jhe Republic Square is ......... of Yerevan.
• : ·:· · J • . .· . • ' . :

68 69
 Choose corresponding pairs: Vlll Write the necessary tense fonn of the verbs
1. political, important, densely, beautiful, to live, the capital, to
1. Today it (to be) not so cold as It (to be) yesterday. ·
stretch. ·
2. He usually (to read) very much. ·
2. for fifty miles, of the UK, populated, in London, parts, centre,
3. Now I (to read) a very interesting book about London.
building.
4. She not (to go) to the library every day.
@, Translate into English 5. Last year he (to study) Physics and Mathematics.
6. My brother (to finish) the school in two years. •
A. 7. I think he (to prepare) for his examination now.
1. Lnul'}nuo tillJlnu.iwJp wllbuwllto pwriw9ub11pg llb41J t, pwJ9 wJIJ 8. I (to work) hard tomorroW.
wqbLP ijln9J1 t 9wCI Sn4pnu: 9. Last year he not (to live) in Moscow.
2. · · lnul'}nu[! wllbuwilb6 Ciwqwhwuqpulllubflp.g llb4u t: 10. Our tesson (to begin) in 5 minut~s.
3. Lnul'}nuo w2fuwphfl 2wlll llw111wpwriw9ubJ1pg hpu ,_t:. . 11 . When I (to go) to the library yesterday?
4. .. Lnul'}nu[!, n110 qllluqmll t ~bllqw qblllp !Jnw. hwu11puwumll t 12. Tomorrow we (to have) a very interesting lecture;
(Jwqwhwuqflulll: . . .. .· . . .. 13. My friend is very busy but twice a month she (to go) to the theatre
5.. t°'Ulll-tUl'}nLll !4WU WJU9WU qbribgp4 4WDOLJ9CJtn •.np9wu 4bulll- and sometimes she (to visit) museum.
'tul'}ni.~: · ~ ·· ·
6. lup1,1lll puw4bgqw6 t°'ulll-tul'lo hwuflpuwumll t .pwuqn11w4wu
2112wu: .
7. Lnul'}nup w11ulllllJwu llwumll . ijlnqngubflu wqb1p , 1w1u bu Lt
qbqbg~4.· 9w wputuwu llwumll:. . Lesson 10
8. 4bulll~·tul'}mll 4womgqw6 2tupbf1[! 2wlll q~qbgp4bu:
-· ~

:: ;

8.
1. Unu4qU.m w2tuwphf1 llb6 12wriw9ub(lpg llb41J t: Participle I -. I fJGf1pLUJ:
2. llju amuw4wu wlltuwdbo 12wriw9ubp~g llb4u t The Present, Past, Future Continuous Tenses - CW{ln(l)i.uljwljw(J
3. Unu4qwu wqbLP llba t l~ hpu, pwu lbuflCtqpWfl[!: ua111tw, wumw1; wUjwouft:
4. Lbuwu wqbLP bfl~Jl t, 9wu 4nLQL,UCJ: . . Modal Veros - t:JqwuUJ4UJ.l/n11n11 pw;ti11: i
5. llJCt flnLUWUlrlWU~ wllbuwb~4Wf'l"qbtnu t: '
6. Unu4qw qblll[l WJU9WU bp4wp !t. nppwu 4nLQWU: Participle I (I flb11pwJ).
7. llju l flnring[! CmLJU9WU LWJU t' n119w(J llJnLU[!: .. ·.
8. "lblllw4wu . .h~llwL uwpw~n . · . ~pltwup w~~fnnqbqbgp4 1. I l'}tppwj[! :1'wqllqmll t ·.· -Ing · qb112wLtnpntfajWU oqClmtaJWllp, . n(llJ
4WDmjgub(lpg llb~(J t: - . . . .. . _ wl{btwCmul t.tf'lpllwuui pwJtl wunnn2 OLfl hfHlm-iu.
9. t°'ll ou4bf11J qplllp llwrabllwlii~4w w,lltrtltUJq, pwu bu: .to work - WQl'klng/wz/uwumq; ·w1/lJU!lJ'1111nt/) _.·
10. t°'ll C!LI4b11n2 Ln~ow6 touri~11u ~qbJ.~ 'llct4wf1 .~· '9wu u~:.. '. · · to read-reading (ljUJf1fJWfJ!lfJ, tiUlflfJUJ/nl/J
11 . S11qw6 ~n11llnqwu 2wui u.iw11q t: · . .. __ : 2. flb~wm uwfuwqwumra.tnLClmll l4wnl'Vl 't nLubuwL hblllL.JWL
12. (WJ4u mup Ub6 P(l~tnwupWJP l1WJPW9WrtW!2[l ~t+Jlll4bpnrt qnpbw6ntraJmCJCJbpa·
qp(19: r . . .· . . .. .
13. llJl'l q(19mll CJ4WJ1WQ(lqW'b U,fWlllllmpjnLCllJ 2Wlll hbinw121"1!2PJ1 t:
70 71
 w) nnnzhs Past Continuous
n11L4bU n11nzp~ WJU 4wpnfl t 11114.bL qnJW4Wupg WDW2 u hbum:
growing trees - w6nri 6wob11 Affirmative
.Look at the trees growing in our garden. - vWJ/1(1 tlbf1 WJQnL tJ
I was workin .
wifnq dwobf1/1u: {l.IWJ/1(1 owobp/1u wifnq tlbf1 WJqmtJ):
He was working. He was not working. .
p) wwnwqw
She was working. · She was not working.
n11L4bU L4Wl1WqW WjCI 11114.nLll t 4wll uwjuw11wumtoJWCI u4qpmll
It was workin . It was not workin .
4wll 4.b112mll. ·
Reading an English book he wrote out many new words. -
Uuq/G(JGU q/1f1p [/W(1fJW//1U, (Jw fJmnu qpt;g 2WU1 un(J pwof;(J: You were workin ,
The
' .
The Present, Past, Future Continuous Tenses
CwpriLC1~4w4wu ub114w. WUQJWL, t.UL4WDClp . Future·contlnuoos .
. ·;
Affirmative
I shall be workin .
UJu ctwllwuw4wJnu 6ub11a 4wqll4,mll bu to be octw(J11w4 pwJn You will be workin .
hwllWL4WUlwujuw(J 6ub11n u LhnllwuUl pwJn I fJ/Jf1pWJ/1 hw11w1111mraJwllp: He will be' • •·work~og.
"°' \
r

<w11gw4w(J 61.&mll w11w2n(J octwu11w4 pwm 11114.nLll t b(Jraw4wJpg wow2:

djuUlw4wu 6umll not llwuC.n4n 'lflctmll · t· w11w2nu odwu11w4 pwJng
hbUln:
' ; .
,·
Present Continuous

,.·. :.Af/irm8tive · .Ni 'Btlve · · lnte 'SUve Present ConUnuous Qu.1Uw(Jw4n gmJg t UlW[pu jur.tubLm l.4\Uhflu
I am working. I am hot working. Am.I working? aupwggp .llb2. 4w~ utijl4WJP w4.bLP ·llb6 ~wllwuw4w~n2ngnutqm.(J4.n'l
You are working. You are . not working. Are you working? qnpanrimra1mu. ,.
He is working. He is not working. Is he working? I am.playing tennis now..- ·b u w1dtl pt;finu btl juwqmtl: .. , ·
She is working. St:te ·isnot'Norklng. . Is she working? We are s.taying at thehotel. -1./bup tllinulbu~ hjnL(JUJfJngmtJ: .
It is workin . It is not workin '. Is it workin ? Present Continuous ctwllwuw4n qn110w6tlmll t Wf1UlWhWJUlbLOL
·: We . ara,.11f.iork.ing. · · ' We'are·not wotk1ng.· Are wa wt>ikrn~f? llnUl WL4WqWJnLll Ulbflp m(JbuWLP9 qn116nflnLtoJnLU.
You are working. : · :'YCJu are ,not working.· Are you ;w()rldng? · We are going to the cinema tonight. .,. ·
The are workin ..-'. Th are .not workin .··· · Are the··:W()rkln ? lljuof1 /Jflb//f1}wli. tlt;ue qumtl t;up.ljflunpwlRflnu:
To be going + infinitive 4WL4W4gmraJmCJo qnp6woqm.ll. t gmJg
UlWLnL qnp6nrimraJmu 4WUlWl1bLm llUlWfl.11nLtoJnLU.
" , .' . ~ ~; , ! ~i !l L ·.; "·: - ~ • •
0 We are going to buy a new house. -
Ut;up qut;1m t;up (tlU1WfJ/1f1 /Jue qut;1) unf1 UJmu:

7'/.
J 73
 Past Continuous ctwllwuwlm QntJQ t ll1WL'1u qn116nrimraJm(J, nri(J
o(Jrawgpjl llb2 t brtbL w(JgJWL'1 n11n2w4'1 UlWhjl(J: UJ'l UlWh[! 4wrinri. t
(Jzl{bL l4Wl1WQWJW4w(J 4wlllw4gmraJwllp 4w11 Past Indefinite llunl{
Wl1ll1WhWJl!ll{W6 llb4 WJL w(JgJWL qnp6nrtnLJaJWllp:
They were playing tennis at five o'clock. -
upw[Jp pbfJ/1u t/1fJ /uwrznul bpb[/ dwtlo 5-/lfJ:
She was watching TV when I visited her yesterday. -
uW .fJ/1tnnllf ff1 hbomutnwgmjg, bf1p bu fJpw{J Wjgb/bgf1bf1b[/:
Modal Verbs (b11.w(Jw4w4,n11n11. pwJbri}
briw(Jw4wl{nrinri pwJbl'l[! gm1g b(J lllWL'1u jununri'1
4,b11wpb111lm(J_p[! qnf16nrtnt[OJW(J (J4WlllllWllp: Ul'lW(Jp !b(J l.f'lnjul{mll [!Ulll
[04,jl u 'lbllpjl: ~m(Jb(J w(Jn11nz llu, WJUjl(J_p(J OQlllWQnp6l{ntll b(J wriw(Jg to
llwu(Jjl4'1: uriw(Jgjlg hbl!ln 1111l{nri L'1'11lWUlll pwm (JmJ(Jll.lbU
oqlllwqn1164,mtl t wriw(Jg to llwu(Jjl4'1.
I can speak /English. - bu [/wpnrz btl /unub1 wuq/ bp'bfJ:

Future Continuous ctwdw(Jw4o QnLJQ t lllWL'1U qnp6nrimraJm(J, <wpgw4w(J u ctjuuiw4w(J ~ubp[! 4wqtll{mtl b(J wuw(Jg
np(J o(Jrawgpjl - tlb2 t t'1CtbLrit · Wlllwrifajl nrinzw4'1 UlWhjl(J: _UJ'l UlWh[! octw(J11w4 to do pwJjl: <11wgw4w(J llumll brl.wuw4wl{npnri pwm 1111l{mll t
4wpnri t [Jzl{bL l4Wl1WQWJW4w(J 4wtl Present Indefinite dunl{' b(Jraw4wJ'19 wriw2, ctjulllw4w(J dl.t[! 4wqlll{mll t not tlwuun4'1
Wl1ll1WhWJl!ll{W6 tlb4 WJL WUlWU(Jjl qn116nrimraJwtlp. oq(JmraJwllp, nplJ 'l~l{mtl t bqi.u(Jw4wl{n11nri pwJ~Q hbl!ln.
- I shall be writing my English exercises in the evening. - He can play football.
tJpb[/n1wu bu qpb/m btl (qpb1/1u l/1/1fJbt1) wfJq/bpbfJ/1 Can he play footboll?
l/Wf7dnLpjnt [J[Jbf10: He cannot (can't) play football.
I shall be reading a book when you come. "" Can - [/wpnrzwfJW/ pWJ[! m(Jjl' bp4m au' can ((Jbp4w ctwtlw(Jw4}
t;uq/1f7JJ [/Wf1fJW//1U l/1/1fJbt1, bpp fJnL qwu: u could(w(JgJWl ctwtlw(Jw4}:
Q.nJr\LraJm(J m(Jb(J pwJbp, npn(Jp !b(J oqlllwqnp6l{mll Continuous She can sWim. - uw l.twf1nrz t1mzwt:
ctwtlw(Jw4w~ub11mll: 'l11w(Jp b(J' _ - She could swim. - uw [/W{1nrjwfJmt1ff11nrzwi:
1. tllllwl{np qnponrimraJmu wpl!lWhWJlllnrt pwJbp[!' to believe, to think, Can pwm QnLJQ t lllWtllii
to assume, to consider, to · understand, to suppose, to expect, to 1. 4w11nrimraJmu (~jlqjl4w4w(J u lllllwqnp}.
agree, to know, to remember, to target. He can play footbol/. I can speek Spanish.
2. qqwgllmupwJjl(J pwJbl'l[f to like, to love, -to detest, to envy, to hate, 2. h(Jwpwl{nrimraJm(J. ·
to hope, to prefer, to wish, to want. You-can find him there.
3. o(J4wrtlwl'.1pwJb11rf fo see, to hsar, to taste, ·to smell. 3. 4wu4w6, qwpllw(Jp.
4. pwJbp, npnup wrilllWhWJlllntll · b(J l{bpwgw4w(J hwpwpb~mraJm(J­ Can it be true? - U/1",ab fJW t!/1;tn t:
(Jb11' to have, to conSist, to depend, to belong.
Uw4wJ(J WJU pUJJbptlg nllw(Jp bppbll(J 4wpnq b(J qnp6w6l{bL May pwm m(J~ bp~m lilt' may ((Jbri4w ctwtlw(Jw4) u might
Continuous ctwtlwCJw4waubpn'Ltl, bpp (Jpw(Jp Wl'llllWhWJl!lnul b(J n! rab (w(JQJWL ctwtlwuw4):
l{jllSw4,. WJl qnp6nqmraJm(J: UJu 11bll.lpnul pwJ'1 jltlwulllfl buiawri4l{mtl t May pwm QntJQ t lllWL'1u' ·
LtinttmtumraJwCJ: · 1. ramJLllli.lnqa1mu 4wll ju(Jririw(Jp.
I see very well. - bu ;wtn /We/ btl tnbu{JnuJ: You may take my book.
We are seeing our father off. - UbfJJl '1wfJWU/Wf1hnLtl buo tlbp 2. b(Jraw1111mraJm(J, hwl{w(Jw4w(JmraJmu.
hWJ/1/11//10: ,. They may come tomorrow._

Must pwm m(J~ tlb~ au' ubp4w ctwtlwuw4, upw tluwgwb dubp[!
4wqlll{mll b(J to have to, to be to hwllwpctbp pwJbl1'1 oq(Jmra1wtlp:

75
 Mustpwm QnLJQ t lllWLtiu· She ought not to miss her classes. -
1. wuhf1wctb2UlmraJmu, l4Wf1l11WL!nrimraJmu. uw llJ/bcnpt pwg pnrzfJ/11Jwubf10:
You must go there today. 2. tun11hmf111.
2. hf1wllwu. You ought to learn better. - 'Jni U/bt.np t wt./b1/11wt./ unt./n(lbu:
You must not (musn't) do it. 3. bC1raw1111mraJmCI.
3. hwllnql[womraJmu. It ought to be a beautiful house. -
You must be tired. Have a rest. 'Jw IJlbcnp f n(I qt;rzbg/11/ cnmu 1/1fJ/1:

Should pwm hplluwLtwunul oqlllwqnriol[mll t 2-1111 11bllg Shall u will pwJbf1[! Ltwrinri b(J bf1pbll(J hwC111bu qwi nril4bu
wuOuw4wu 11b11wumu.ti hblll u Wf1UlwhwJlllmll t tun11hm1111. briwC1w4wl[n11nri pwJbf1: UJ11 pllwulllnl[ shall briwC1w4wl[nrinri pwm
You: should go to the library. - 8wfJl/w1f1 t, n(I qfJwfJp Qf1WIJW(IWfJ: Wf1UlWhWJUlntll t' '
1. l4Wf1Ulwl[nrl[womraJmCI.
To have to, . to be to pwJbf1D hwu11puwClmll bCI must When I speak, you shall listen. -
briwC1w4wl[n11nri pwJti hwllwf1ctbg LL Lf1WgClmll b(J Clpw l4W4wu Oubria: t:J(lp bu'/unum Ii t;tJ, fJnL U/btnJJ t 1ut;u:
uriwugpg hbllln lltl2lll 1111l[mll t to wC1n11n2 llwuuti40· ·
I had to do this work. - WilltriwuwLtwl[nrinri pwm Wf1lllwhwJlllmll t'
t:Ju .ut.nf1U/t./wtJ·f f1.l/wt.nwflbJ WJIJ w2/uwt.nwfJuo: 1. lllllw1111ntraJruCI, gw~LtmraJmCI.
I shall have to do this work. - I won'/ go to school today. -
t:Ju UU7/1U/t./WtJ l/JflfJ/;iJ l/Wt.nW(lbJ Lp}IJ Wl/lJµJU1WfJD[].'. t:Ju 1bil gwfJqwfJm Ii WJUOfl quw1 IJU/fmg:
To be to ClnLJU1;4bU Wf1l11WhWJUlnLll t l4Wf1U1Wl[rlfll[womraJmCI, 2. tuC11111wC1g.
i.Jw4wJCI auUl bf144nrillwClp l4WJllwClwl[nnl[womraJwCI: To be to nril4bu Will you open the window? - '-lpwgt;'"u IJ/Wt.nmhwfJo:
briwuwLtwl[nrinri PWJ Oql11Wqllf10l[mll t tlpWJCI Clbf14W u wClgJWL
ctwllwClw4Clbf1mll. ·
We are to go there. - Ut;fJp Ujbtnp t qfJwfJp W}fJtnbfJ.'. Vocabulary
We were to meet at 5 o'clock. - Ut;fJp IJl/;cnp t luufJ1J/11J1b/1fJu dwilo
5-flfJ: 1. activities~ npl. - ['eek' tmt1z] - qnriomClbmiaJmu
active,a. - [' cekt1v] - wLtlllpl[, qnriomCIJw
Can briwC1w4wl[n11nri pwjpCI hwllwrictbg pnLnf1 ctwllwClw4Cib11mll act, v - qn116bL
oqlllwqnribt.Lmll. t to . bs. able to flWf104w6ga, nJla C12wC1w4mll t action, n ~ ['cekfn] - qnrionrimraJmu
l/W(ln!]WfJWJ, /7 t.//1tfwqf1 JflfJ/;J. 2. plant(1), n - [pla:nt] -pnLJU
I am able to do this work. plant, v
I was able to do this work.
- l11Ci4bL
plarit (2), n - qn11ow11wC1
I shall be able to do this work. 3. scientist, n .- [' sa1ant1st] - qplllClwLtwu
.scie!lce, n - [' sa1ans] - qpUlnLfaJnLU
Ought briwC1w4wl[n11nri pwm l"!~Clp llp'wJCI llb4 Ou ubri4w u scientific, a - [, sa1ant1fik] -qplllw4wu
Wl4wriClp ctwllwClw4Clbrti hwllwri: Ought pwJti9 hbllln pCl~pClpl.npl[a
4. solve, v - [' s:>lv] - LnLObL, L[6ribL
llpzlll qnronol[nul t to llwuCiti4nl[: UJCI Wf1lllwhwJlllmll t'
solution, n .- [sa'lu:Jn] - LnL6mll, l[6pri
1. l4Wf1U'lU:1L[n11mraJmCI, pwrrnwLtwu l4Wf1lllµ.i4wClrnraJnLCI.
5. show (showed), n - Uou) - QnLQW'lf1bL, QnLJQ UlWL, gmgg
76 77
6 . depend, v (on, apon) - fd!'pend] - 4wtULtw6" t~UbL, l.fwtumu mubuwt 21. cultivation, n - [,b,lt1' ve1Jn] - u2w4mu
dependence, n - [d1pcnddns] - 4wtunul cultivate, v - [, kAltr ' vert] - uzw4bL
ant. independence - [mdI' pendt)ns] - hwl;. wu4w!l.Jnqajnt(1 22. influence, n - ['mflut)ns] - wq11bgmra1mu
independent, a - [mdi' penddnt] - wu4wtu influence, v - wq11bt. wq11bgmra1mu
independently, adv - wuljwtunribu, mubUWL
~UQUnLflnljuWpWfl 23. research, n - (rr' SC):tJ1 - hbuiwqmnnul
7. as well as, 'cj - [ez' wel az] - UnLJUL4bu research, v - qpw114bL
8. quality, n - ['kw:ihtI] - nriw4 hbuiwqnuimra1wup
9. ptot, n - [pbt] - uwu, hnriw4uinr researcher, n - hbuiwqnuin11.,
10. fertilizer, n - [' fa:tdaIZC) J .. L4Wf1Wj1U1WUJnqa q~uiw4wu w2tuw11m11
fertile, a - ['fa: tall] 24. according to, prep. - [d'b:dJI) t~J - hWUWOWJU, DUU1
- pbflQWUlnL
fertility, n - [fa:' trhtr] 25. mean, v (meant) - [mi:n] - uzwuw4bL
- pb11!2wL11l{nqa1mu
11. prove, v - [pru:vJ - Wll.jwgmgbl meaning, n - [' mi:nmIJ] - uzwuw4mra1mu
proof, n - [pru:t] means, npl. - li'12ng
- WL4WQnLJg
12. raise, v - [re1zl by means of, prep. - uf12ngmL oqumra1wup
· - PWfl6f1WQUbL
syn. with help of
13. greatly, adv. - [' grertlr] - pw4w4wu~u zwui
mean, a - li~2~u
syn. highly
26. increase, v - [m' kri:s] - w4bLWQUbL,
ant. slightly - hwl./. rabra1.tw4j1
little - .Qfli PWflOflWgubt .
14. harmful, a - ['ha:mful] - 4uwuw4wp,
ant. decrease - hw4. Q!Wgut:it, ~2bgubt
increase, n - [' mkri:s] - wl{biwgmli
4_uiwuqwl[nf1
anl decrease - hw4. ll!Wljwubgmo,
ant. harmless - hwq. wul{uwu,
wu l{uiwuq lfin£pwgmu
27. connection, n - [b' nekJn] - 4Wll!
harm, n - 4uwu
harm, v in connection with, prep. - 4Wl44W6
- Ltuwub1
15. discover, v - [d1s'b.vg] connect, v (with, to) - 4wll!til ~ui-nfl pwutt
- pwgwhWJLllbL .
discovery, n - pwgwhwJuimli hbui
28. wait, v (for) - fwe1t] - ulllwubt (fluz.-nri pwutt,
discoverer, n - pwgwhWJLilnf'l
16. deep, a - [di:p] - ltmf1 ~Ui-nfl llb4ti}
29. difficult, a - [' d1f1kdlt] - ricti.twri
depth,n - [depe] - tunpnqaJmU
17. fight, v (fought) - [fart] ([fo:t]) ant. easy - [' i:z1] - hwl.{. hb2111. hwuwriw4
- 4rn.lbL. 1.4wmwrbt
difficulty, n - [' d1f1kalt1] - ricn.twrinqa1mu
fight, n - l.4WJ!2Wf1
-[d' ge1st] 30. prepare, v - (pri' pc;:iJ - L4WL11f1WUU1bl,
18. against, prep. - ou r)!lbli
-war - ou1111bu 1.4w1J1bpwqli'1 ll!WU1flWUU1L!bt
preparation, n - [,prepa're1fnJ - UWf\.JWll!WLllflWUUlnLli
19. drought, n - [draut] - bflW2Ul
20. introduce, v - [,mtrci' dju:s] - ub1111ubL
introduction, n - [mtrn' dAkfnJ - ubri11nmu

78 79
 Text 4. chlorophyll ['kbrnfil] - PlnJ1n~rl
5. grain yields - hwgwhwLnti4r phJ1J?
K. A. Timiryazev: The importance of his work for agriculture 6. phosphates ['bsfe1t] - ~nu~wui
Kliment Arkadevich Timiryazev (1843-1920) began his stientific
T e.g. (exemply gratia Lat)- 011puw4
8. sulfate ammonia ['sAlfe1t O}'m~unj~] - wonupnu.'ij1 UnLL~WU1
activities in the field of agriculture in the town of Simbirsk. His teachers
were D. I. Mendeleev, I. M. Sechenov, I. I. Mechnikov, and other well-
9. some 40-50 cm deep- some= about- lunrmqaJmu[] onui,
Onlllwtln11w1.4bu 40-50 uo
known scientists.
1
K. A. Timiryazev was one of the greatest plant physiologist of
1 1
the 19 h and 20 h centuries. In his experiments and theory he practically Exercises
1
solved ~he problem of photosynthesis , showing that it depended on light
3
intensity as well
4
as on
light quality. He also wrote much the importance
I. Classify the sentences according to the function ofParticiple /.
of chlorophyll for photosynthesis process Which takes place in all plants Translate them into-Armenian. · ·
on the Earth.
K. A. Timiryazev also studied, on an exper.irnental plot, the effect 1.What were you doing when I telephoned you yesterday? I was
of various mineral fertilizers bn grain yields and prpv~d that the use of
5 reading an English book. I read English every day. When I was
6 reading my, younger sister was preparing her lessons in
phosphates in black soil raised greatly crop yields. Yet some of the
8 mathematics in the next-door room .
fertilizers, e.g '.7' sulfate ammonia , may have a harmful effect on plants.
Working on the . !iame experimental plot, he discovered that deep 2.When _I came to the library I saw a man there working with my
ploughing was highly important in the fight against drought. . friend. The working man was my friend's father. They were
· later, ~cademician V. R. Williams and farm practitioner T. s . reading journals on an interesting problem of genetics. Working
Maltzev developed timiryazev's idea on deep ploughing: they introduced at his problem they had to read many English .journals. My
a new method.of grain cultivation. They used machines that could plough friend '_s father was helping his son because h~ knows English
soil some 40-50' cm deep .
9 well.
Thus, K. A . Timiryazev's work had great influence on modern
II. Complete the fol/owing sentences paying attention to the function
research in agriculture. ·
of Participle /. Translate into Armenian.
Timiryazev's principal idea of agronomy was ·:t hat plant is the
centra.I object of agronomist's work. According to his theory, this means 1. This student translating the text is ....
tnat agricultura'lists should concetrate on the studies of climate, soil 2.This translating student ... .
.
·'. ' '
fertilizers, etc~.· only in connection with plant's life. 3.Translating the text student .. . .
Today ftie Moscow Higher Agricultural School ' where K. A. 4.The student is translating the text ....
Timiryazev was a · lecturer on plant physiology is the · well-known 5.Gqing along the street I .. ..
Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 6.He is going along the street ....
~ .' .
7. The man going along the street ....
Sl::iJ?uuip ~wriqwpwumu
Ill. Compare the following Armenian sentences. Translate them into
1. physiologist [fIZI ' ;,l~d31stJ - ~Jiqrnlnq English.
2. the problem of photosynthesis - ~nuinupu,.abqp ~pnptbd
3. light intensity - LnLJUP ~WJOWOnLJCJnLU
80 81
 VII. Translate the following sentences:
2.uw LWtl t 4,wqmu: uw l{wqmu t bf14rinrry Ltwqpmritim.t:
3.Uuuwu wqwlII 4wri11nul t -l>riwuubf1bu qp~b11 : Vti' wriul.jbp,
Uuuwu 4wr11mu t:
1. - t°'u ou4bf1 ~w11buo unLtnf1nul t OJmriwL11uuibuw4wu .
Ul.jw11bU~WJ'1 lIIUU1buwqpU1W4WU .l>w4nLLUlbU1'1 b1111nri11
4.Uzuwuo hwowtu luu~rL.mu t: Uu6plinLu t , hwqti'fl
l.jmf)umu: '1m.Q l4bU1p t upw(J iSWLIW!bp:
wu6pL.wung11:
- t°'ul.j nrlilti°ri. t htulw uw:
IV Say your friend that now you are not translating. Say him what - uw 11wuwtunumra1wu t: bp4mzwpia'1 oribf1[! w1u um.tnrwpwp
you are doing now. Use the following words and word ul.jul.{nul t ctwuo bfll.jmupu:
combinations. 2. - l"l"u~ tfl wumu Uuuwu bf1b4 riwubritig htuin: bu uriwu
e.g. to prepare for my examination - I am not translating now. I am qwuqwhwpbgp bflbl.j, pw19 n~ n.Q ~~wuiwutuwutg :
preparing for mv examination. - uw Li. UflW ltulpp muwunri.ubfl[! wztuwuinul tpu '1uuU1pU1nLU1'1
UnUl qmuqnri. WJqnul: UflWU.Q uiu4mu t'1u Unj'l uiu4p&bp': uflWU.Q
To solve a problem, to read a newspaper, to wait for a friend , to w6bgumu bu tif1WLI!1 wubu wzmu: 4wrio qwut11'1g hbuiri urwu~
study English , to plant trees, to answer a question, to ask a utbtnf! ·t 2wrimuw4bu WJ'1 w2tuw111wc.w: 'lw pw4w4wutiu
guestion, to help a friend, to go to the Academy, to write a letter !lcfllWfl t:
3. - '1m !q'1lllti"u nrmbri t Uuuwu:
V Make up sentences uslng following word combinations. Translate - uw ourobpgwuf1whm~ 1.4wriwl4mli t: <uwriwtlnri t , nf1 uw
them into Armenian. 1.4wlilflWUL114,mu t ubutiuwnti: uw hw6wtu t ~Wf1w~nul
qriwriwrwumu, ~wuti n11 WJUlllbrt zwUl LWtl qppbf1 4wu:
To go against the wind; in answer to my question; to make no
VIII. Write the antonyms. .
difference; to wait ·a minute; to have a harmful effect; to grow
cultivated plants; difficult, yet' interesting; not very bad, yet not Increase (v), harmless, . the same, ask, practically, ·harmful,
good; high quality; the field under cultivation; without difficulty; a before, to be independent, decrease (v), different, after, to be
well-known discoverer; to raise crop yields; by means of; to dependent, theoreticalty,· easy, answer /v), .difficult.
intrpduce new methods; to solve a problem; according to: to be IX Translate the text.using a dictionary.
dependent. ·
Parks Beyond the Arctic Circle.
VI. Ask your friends questions, using the following adjectives: long, Parks and gardens . can grow even on ; poor · soils of the Arctic
wide, deep, high, thick. regions. The people of the Arctic and ·Alpine ,Botanical Garden - the
world's northernmost botanical garden developed · successfully
e.g. long. What is the length of the river? - nflpw~(J t qbm/1 implementing a programme for plaf'!ting trees in 'Kkovsk, a large industrial
IJflf./Wflntp;m U[J.' The river is 50 km lonq. - Qbm/1 bflf.fUJflnL(a;m uo 50 l.{tJ f: center, in the north of our country.
The town parks and gardens beyond the Arctic Cirde are not, of
1. What is the length of the corridor? course, as varied as southern gardens. Nevenheless they have both
2. What is the width of the street? needlE:leaf and broadleaf trees. Pines, larches as welt as poplars grow
3. What is the depth of the lake? there. Acacias grow there too~ Ttie~e are even roses there . . , ,.
4. What is the height of the tree?
5. What is the thickness of the tree?
83
82
 Affirmative Nagalive lnterreoative
Lesson 11 Present You have translated You have not Have you translated
Perfect the text. translated the text. the text?
He had not Had he translated
Past He had translated the
translated the text the text before I
1. Past Participle - II fJOf1PWF Perteet text before I came .
before I came. ' came?
2. Perfect Active - tlwrzw[/wU7wf1 dwtfw(twt;wo/J: They will have They will not have Will they have
3. Past Perfect - tlwrr.wl/WU7Wf1 wug;w1: Future
translated the text translated the text translated the text
4. Future Perfect -· t/wqw[/wU7Wf7 Wll./W!lufl: Perfect
before I come. before I come. before I come?
Past Participle·- II 11b[1pWJ
Present Perfect - LlWflW4WlilWf1 .ubp4wfJ gnljg t lilWlPU ub114w
Past participle-o 4w0nuw4nri pwJbf1p umn 4wq1.h,tnu.'i t dwuwuw4w4bl1l~g w12w2 wqwflLnLlw6 qn116nflmra1mu, nrio tiri
pwJwpuwV1pCi wt.tblwgubtnml. -ed t.lbr12wt.lnrimra1mun· to solve - solve_d. hblllliwupmt 4wl.1.jl,tWO t Ub(14WJP hblll.
UCl4w(inu pwjbflr umn WJU hwuou4umli t pwjj1 3-rri 6uj1 hbtn' He has read the book. - uw (;Wf1f/Wgbf f q/1f1p[J:
to speak - spoke - spoken
Indefinite - Past Indefinite - Participle II 4w11w4Wl.11Wf1 Ubfl4w(J qn116wo4nu.'i t hbliluJWL uw4pwjubrti
hbm' just - hbDg Onf1, already - Wf7f10U, never - bf1pbp, ever - bf1p/Jf1gb,
' uwtuWflWUntfdJWU tlt2 II l)bppwm 4w1m11 t hwu11bu qwl nriuibu' since - /1 l/bf1 u{/uwr:f, for - nD(JwgpnuJ, often-: htuifw/u, always - tf/12m,
1. nrn2'1~· WJU nbuumu.'i wiu 1.twrn11 t '1fllJ.bt L. qnJw4wuj1g w12w2 L. tiui1.4bu uwL today- w;uof1, this month (week, year) - w;u wtlf1u (2wpwfJ,
ujlwujlg htllln. ., • U1Wf1f7} UW4pWjUbpp L. \.4Wl1WqWJWljWU 4WL4W49nLJOJnLUUbflp hblil,
the solved problem =the problem solved -f nufl{wr:f /ultfJ/1(1 nrinuj'.1 WfllilWhWJlilnLU b(J 11bnL.u WUWL{WflU1 ctwliwuwljwup2ng.
2 .ctwuwt.'iw411 lt l4wui6wrif1 ~wpwqw. I have not (haven't) seen them this month. - .
When give.n the book read the article. - t;_u 1bv U?bubf ltf7wug w;u wtlf1u:
Of1p qflf1RO obq U7(1£//1, f./WflfJWgbp hnrJl/WO[]:
Well-known all over the world the book was translated into English. - Past Perfect - 4wflw4wuiwp wugJWL
UtJpnqp w2/uwf1hm./ 1wlf ifwuw;l{wr:f qf1f1PO fdW{1qtJwutjbf ff1
wuqfbf1bu: 4wriw4wt.rlwf1 wugJWL ctwowuw4o gmJg t tnwLflu wu9JWL
1
3. uuinpnqbtpw4wu lJ.bflWl'lPfl· ctwuwuwljw4bl1lpg wriw2 4wl1lwflt.two· qnp6nrinqa1m(J: U111
He wa$ bar;Jly wounded. - uw 6wuf1 t/f1f1wifnf1tjwb f (1: ctwuwuw4w4bl11[1 4w11n11 t u2t.lbt' ' '
4.pWfll) tuUrtfltJ UWU. 1. ctwuwuw4 gmJg mLtn11 pwubrimr by three o'clock - bf1bpflu tlntn,
He hadher house repaired - uw (m(1nqbf U?ljbg /1(1 tnmlttJ: by the evening - bf1bf;n;wD, by the end of the week - 2wpwralfw
l/bf7p/1lf.
PerfeGt Aot-ive - 4wrtw4wLnWfl ctwuwuw4w6L They had come back by ten o'clock. -
uf1wup lfbf1WfJWf10bf f /10 mwuflu unm:
4.w11w4wmwp ctwuwuw4wlllLQ 4wq~t.tmu t to have odwu11w4 2. ub4 WJL qnpOnflntfaJWUp (hwifw/u Past Indefinite o!Jnlf).
pwJf'l ·oqClnLfC!JWlip hwtlwt.ywl!lwujuwu ctwuwuw4nul L. l~tiuwmn pwJti II When I came to London my friends had already been there. -
l'fbflpWJti hwuwripr)LfclJWUp: .(WflQWljw(J aumtl ocfWU'lW4 pWJI] 'lfllJ.mu t Of1p bu dwuwubg/1 Lnu,,n{J, /1Ll oul/b[1ltbf1[J Wf1f/OU W/Ulflbrz tf1D:
bUfcJW4WJP9 wriw2 : dtuuiw4wu ai.lmu not uwuutl4U 1111t.lmu t octwuriwlj
pwJ!"i9 hbLnn:
85
84
 Future Perfect - 4wriw4WLnWfl Wl4Wl'1uti
11.carry, v - ['krenJ. - mwlibt, mbriwltintubl
4w11.w4w111wri w1.4w11C1r ctwuwC1w4o QnLJg t 111wlhu Wl4wa(Jh carry on
crwuw(Jw4w4btnpg Wl'1W2 wt.twpLn4_wo qnp<'mri.miaJmli: UJT]. ctwuw- - 2WflnLUW4bl
carry out • 4WU1Wflbl
uw4wljbLnQ Ltwrinri t (12~bl.
1. crwuwuwlj gmjg u14n11. pw11b11mf by 5 o'clock - h/1ftq/1D umn, by the (w2JuwLnwun)
12.range, v - [1:emd3] - tnw111wu4_bt (n11n2w4n
end of the month - wtlutfw tfl:ippjJD....
We will have translated the text by the end of the lesson. - uwhuwuubpmu)
13.seldom, adv. - ['seldam] · .- hwql{wrib~
Ul:iup l/taW{Jquwftl:J(Jp mf;pumo uflftl fJ.WU/1 f../bfJP!F
ant often - hwl/. hwliwlu
2. Ub4 LUJl qnponr1mra1wup (hflt.Iuwl{wumu Present Indefinite d/.J~lf). . 14.exceed, v - [1k' si:d] - qbpwqwugbt,
They will have studied the problem before they begm thelf
practical work -· vf1wup {/nwnLL1uwuf1f7bu /uufJ.f1f7/J tlflu1 uwhliwuwqwugbl
15.below, adv. - [br' lou] - QWO(l, ub11Qlinul
qn(ltfltwl1wu wz/uwmwup[] uljubw:
16.potato, n - [pa' te1tou J - 4w11111n~tiL
17.milk, n - [milk}
Vocabulary - 4wra
18.wheat, n - [wi:tJ · - gnpbu
1.toward, prep. - [t~) 'W:.1:d] - nu1n.mJOJWUp, 11t~ti 19.barley, n - [ba:h] ·- qwrtn
2.arable, a · - ['rer:.ibl} - tiwriwo 20.oats, n - [autJ · - 4wpuw4
3.dalry, a . .- [' de~n] - 4WfOUW\Jlnl 21.meat, n - [mi:t]
4.mix, ~; · - unu
· - [mlksr - luwQUbl 22.butter, n . - ['bAtaJ
·_[mikst] - ljWflWq .
mixed, a -1t1wriu4w6. tnw11wubri 23.kind, n - [kamd]
1
- 111buw4, V1buw4wun
mixture, n - m1kstJd]
[' ~ tuwoum11n 24.level, n - ['fovl] - UW4Wf1flW4
5.mention, v - ['men.fan] ·· hjizwlnw4bt 25.enable, v - [rnerb!] - tiuwrw4nrmraJmu uiwt
don't mention it - tuu11ribu (nflUfbu 26.provide, v - [prn' vard) ·_UWUlW4Wl1Wflbt,
;/Jn[7hW{/W/nL(djWU
w(4whmlb1 ,
lJIWU7UJU/uWU) syn supply - [sa ' plar]
6.divide, v - [di'vaid] - pwdwubt. pwctwC14bt provide for, v - uwtuwl1lbub1
division,n - [di:'v13~n] - pwdwumu provided, cj - wJ11ritu.umul
. 7.main, a -lmernl - qlluw4.nri, h~u!iw4wfJ 27.estimate.. v - [' ~st1me1tJ - quwhwLnbt,
syn. chief - [t.fi:f]
un111wt.tn11w~bu
mainly, .adv. · -[memhJ - (!Ufl.hUJU(lWutqu
hw24wr4bt
' a.gradually, adv~ . - [,grredjudh} · - wuL(1j16wCtwpwr1 estimation - [,~s~i'merfn] - q(Jwhwuiw4wu
9.dfsappear, v - [,drs~ ' pidJ - wuhbrnwuw1 28.size, n - [saIZ] - ~wt.ti, ub6m~1mu
ant. appear - [~' p1~] - hw[/. hWJUlUt.lbt 29.pass, v - [pa:sJ - wnw2 2w11dt.lbt,
appearance, n 'I - [a'p1;,rnns] ~ ··hWJIIlul{bLQ .
wugubt
appearance, n 2 - WflUlWp~(r 1.1\lOU.Q pass an exam
- nuumra1mu hwuoubt
ant. di.sappearance - hw[/. wCJhbmwgmo passer-by - wugnr111
10.compete, v , - [k~m ' pi:tJ .. tlpgbl 30.sure, a - [fu;)] - 4uuiwh
competition, n - [,bmp1't1Jn] - u11gmu be sure - Ltutnwh L'1ubt
86
87
 C:~ll'tmir~i}V:i. £~J:l: d~~\1 fi-ilf.ll\it. ~!ltmltt~: 6il/1Ul\ tb&J\\'\·t~U .fP'k:~a\iillYi;'
C!rc11a·~:'.
·:,~m:ok·• yrn~:· v.eey.· mur;h'i I: ha.;v;e:·1.atmmv.1• bnF1·1to:: Pteoa:dllfy:1
t.,,ireusi .Mbm~~. W.sr: noM&rraff~.
P31lG:el.Ttc(~)f: · O:tn.nu::. It'1:F F.[ ten"minute:s:·:Wlf'J:lk•\. not~ mom::.
Gti.n::1:gr,apl:mx::ail~. Gte:at Britain cnnsis.is. of Highland S:ritaiff amt
L.owhY:Ull'·t\1: e~1i~iilfol~ H·i~~\fuitatr.td1 B·rit:rafrr it~: ilT Un1:. m11ittw· and: in· tMti!!' w.Ee:st.
1
Tmmist il\nci: could:.'. .I·. tai~.e;· :tt1 b.\£5·~),. pieal\e~'?t i~ ha.~i'.ff\\· ~le.fl1one;\ p:asuinq::
by.
T!\~\!.\ 1~1im1iiiti::!ltit1.1i~~tf a81ir~r~t1 of Enu~l\\lJ111lt: iJI:. 1:iro~111:,(~mcl: th1:e. ff:i:inli~ihr (Gh·f1H\n:1a\')
1

.~.:.1nd: !tn:~ c1:im\tlfo1w11m'l~x cxir 1£.~1.1,~;Ipe~·.. Ti'.11! ~~w:llil' ir1· i1'mm1~~,; p~init5:, "xf'. lHlmhh~111·(~:: !il.t~t~1Jjx11· iEI·
1
:
S.(~X\l'~)~.,. I. arrl""rrnit \\\lU«if.a~ . Th!H:e},\~\·! a;,1 ,~~x~.tic~e:rnarn1 m,1.e'frHntr:e be1tm1: 1;

(~§pi:. ,::.u:u~: .~m·k~·. h'imn. H61ltJi~J.J1\~.e.:.1 ).t~u1. i(·d!Nt:itB\1imfm)\\mat,h1n.\\l·t.

thin and pot'J~L
·n:,11.1.mii\~tc. "f!!i1!1Jr11"1:)~.m111.1 ~R111 mmrn::~t .
Low.land: li:Mt:ain is a rich area· wit:!'I fe:rtile. :::;r,:iL
Rivers in Britain are narrow, but tha Trhames. Most. elf tttim•: ll1Wms:
F~1·aae:1;.;-l~ly::·:: l~!s;. a1·Wi1ig~tt. .II.'l:!:amH.t::meBitmrm"i,t~.
are less than 50 acres 2 each. The types.of farms are different ih•diffieret:nt
soil and climatic areas. In the eastern pad of Britain most farms are
arable. The farmers grow different crops here. In the western part of the
:~.(:\, " ·"\ · :-.:: :, ·: ·:" ;,•\I I,.·,:· ' , , . '1 '·.;,,.l ·.:·J'·~,,i •\\•,•••, .. '·I"•\" ' ' .;:,~• \·!'\','.•·
country most farms are dairy. Small farms in Britain are usuaUy. mixed
·t . the EngUsh: Channel - Lwuwu2~ ubl'l.mg
farms on wich farmers both grow crops and keep farm animals.
2. acre - wlm (0.4 hw) .· ~ .· . . . . . .. >..' .
As we have mentioned most of Britain is the farming land divided
3. 32"'C (Centigrade) - 32° [!Ul11 Sbtumu~ ···
into many fields.
Today the main tendency in agricultural development of this 4. Trafal9ar Square-, .<pwl;l;}W'f1~4 . LACtrfnufl 14bulJ1pmfintu.:, , . .
country is that small traditional farms are gradually disappearing because 5. Regent,. Street; Piccadilly Circus - tjin11ngfu.b)'\-lnfJ1lnlrt14ti€i\ri!lnCtntu
6. to take a bus- Ctul11bL w4ltlnpmu · · .·. . ·. · .·· · · · .., ·.. . ·
they cannot compete with modern big industrial farms.
Britain has a mi'ld climate. The temperature seldom .exceeds
7. It's all right - fuCt~f1bU
32°C3 or falls below zero. The driest period is from March to June and the ..
wettest months are from October to January.
' • , .
··Exercises ·"::
Thus farmers work field all the year round.
The main agricultural products of Britain are wheat, barley, oats, Use the Present Perteet Tense 'o l(he verb in each sentence.
potatoes, milk and different kinds of meat.
A comparatively high level of agriculture enables Britain to 1. We (see) that movie. ' ·• ·
provide about half of the food from its soil. 2. That man (cut) his hand!
Britain usually Imports meat, butter, wheat, tea, fruit, tobacco, etc. 3. She (tear) her new blouse.
There are a few mllfions of acres of woodland in Great Britain. The 4. · The meeting alreadY{begin) ..
estimated private forests make up about a half of the forest area. The 5. ·. They (be) here fbr Six' md'nths. ' '
size of private woodlands ranges from a few acres to many thousands. 6. · 1(Write) three letters tb'hirii so far.
7. Charles (bring) his friend with him. . ·.: · ,
· 8. · Elizabeth afready (finish) 'the work.
Dialogue
9. The Smiths (buy) a new house here.
Tourist: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square
4
,
10. He (fall) on these steps several times.
please? · 11 . He (be) in this country for a long tim.e. :

88 89
 ·12. Tht-1y {leave) several messages frJ11 him. t ! @110:1 1;\e:atdl.),. l'Tl'illilil'~W b:axo.l!Xs; 1!Ji!lm1.1:1.t1. ~a.ir.mils:, iim IB11iairn:1. b.ei:ma1.! r: (;!:m:1 ~:io.):
"I:). Th1si girls (than!<) Mrs. \Nilson kw ht:;r help. t'hei11.:.
....,
t 4. Hi~\· alreadi~1 (seU} that old: car ()f; his:. .~.. Th~1 stufJient aine:ady: (to:: tln1tit!~,, Ullei· 1'!~ipern·mmmtl 11M.!1!ten" the·
1

"I :5. He and th!~ boys (re.ach) Horn3'tc:xn, n~:~ii'..iil!·: i.ilh!\9.'1ti·Ci1y.. ie(Ct.\!ure.t~:ti.1:: (~.mi11i·m· iritro::)I t~e.1 lat>.~ .
a~ VJVe·l~ne~i.1• t.hatit\!!.te.1·fa:1~mm.m:1 a\N:tiH!t~~· (t~m !i1t~r.mas:e~! 11ll'iH~1\,:\t~te.ims~ .
4\, . l· (:h:ll)·s~.11ffil~, N!l,t'e/.': bii~m.l~s~. :m:e.tm:rn. I\ (:ttm ~;.et)\ the;· tele;m.11raiit1::i.
1

1. The .boys havetol.d: him abo.ut it Ci) Fi.liitr:l!e': SJ!'l'!1 f'!7ll'a)·~l!l' !Fill~WEl· l?i'!:D'€.t ,,
1

2. The students hav.e done that lesson. l. By the end o.f nel<t: month:tt:rey (to culti.v:.ate). new. sorts;mfi p:lamts, 1

3. Charles has already had his lunch. 2. l a!'r11.sure' they·(tb:. de:i;iteim{!l:)' a.1ne.w. m·eth'<O.!ll: n·e:1ti rrnm.mtht
4. She has already given itto her.sister. 3. The workers' (t.0 b1.11,Hd) t/!1e canal.' hy the·Ume:yow1~.mme:~ h·e.re.· a.g.aiil!l~.
1

5. They have found someone's billfold. 4. By the end of her journey she (to learn) much about English··
6. She has forgotten the name of that song. people and their customs
7. Betty and Pat have done the dishes.
8. We have .followed their directions carefully. IV. Insert already, just, ~ ever, never. Translate·the sentences into
Atmenian.
b) Make the following sentences interrogative:
1. They haven't planted a tree .... They are going to do it this
1. He has already heard that song. sev.era~ ·times. summer.
2. His English has improved a great deal:. 2. The train had ... left when I got to the station,
3. So far, they have had very good luck. 3. Where is John? - I have ... seen him somewhere here.
4. I have flown in an airplane only twice . 4. We haven't been shown new machinery ....
5. Ararn has studied English for two years . 5. Have you ... traveled by sea?
6. We have alreadyspent ·a great deal of money. 6. By the end of the week they had ... done half of the work.
7. She has copied an of the words into her notebook. 7. We shan't have got the results of the experiment by the end of
8. He has taken three:different courses in English. the week ... .
8. They have ... decided how to spend the week-end.
Ill. Put the verbs in brackets into:
v. Translate into English.
a) Present Perfect or Past Simple.
1. We (to buy} a new combine last week, but we (not to use) it yet.
1. '1mp qptnb"p, fab m~ t qpbL WJU Qpflp(]:
2. Uwuuwqbmubpo pwqlipgu WJQblbL bu libp :pbpllwu:
2. He already (to see) our new farm. He (to se.e) it a week .ago.
3. uwfupwu tiuutnplllnu.n QLir].mul!blU, uw bpb~ LnWflP w2tuwLnl::iL
3. Aram (tO live) in London for the last three years. He (to work) in
~11 qn116w11wumu: ·
Africa before he (to go) to London.
4. bu WJU Lnl::ipumu w1111bu lil::ipbuwq11w6 4Ltiubll lliiu!Lt ctwliQ 7-o:
4. I (to make). five mistakes in my test today. Yesterday. I (to make)
only three mistakes in all.
5. nfllllb~l'l t Ubppu: - uw 11m11u quwg, PWJ9 ianril::iL t '111 lflhp6p
wf111Jmupub11u 6bq hwuwp:
6. Uputl.t lllWfll!W 4bJ12 uriwup li2w4w6 4L'1Lib(J pmjubpp unp
b) Past Perfect or Past Simple.
lllbuw4ub11u: ·
90 91
 7. uw tunu1J1wgbt tn q;wt, pw1g !lli4.wtt;: lX ~..... IAe• lillh:Jwii!Jg·· ~ ~· Wt:lfrd' ca r1111ftii:111iibm t mslle.· a,:
B. Cj1uWf1WflUbfl[J Wf1ijbU 4womgb{ ttiu (mp uwuuwzbUg!], bflp bu dliallJfpie:aiJolfJi'ytfJ'liJtrAeadlH!ff!/f ~wimtTl!ffltiilFstaliitJJ!Tt
n{lflntul.{l!gf:l·U:Qw11ti\l pw:
9. np111t."11 tiE '1J1ht hru:mpu q119bf.tf!:. I.Ill,' tme· r.imm~. im; tls!S\· ~,: pmo1r smiJ~. f.&mtile. mi~; 111.du alifl.IS;: awMfa·
10. Sl:ipUIJl(!, npu 4wn~ul:ifr rawnq.Uwf.tb[ t UGr{Ulltlf:l: tlJ1W t: :armrn~.. im· gmnw,, ~~:i, .·<daiFJ". fanms.1, tm~· ·~1 ~. amiast!I~ aw· ai;
11 . U2juwwwu~ti pwf1btw4.t.lw.a obrarrr.q;Clliipfili tW:til Wf!fl.JnlUQUl:ifl bu m3t.:is.tciaf,i fatm:11\, r:riufGi>. cUmate~: temiwal'lahlie a.emcia1...... ; ta1wa ffefo1Si.
Lnl{bt: ai.L ttlck.~·ear: 1:Qw,1md~. tm.1·Jl.fllQ~id.e2 d:ifte11e.mt. ~im~s1 Id.. meat~. ll.luttm;11.~. firu.11~.
12. VbDp ~bri ~t~ue ~uowri4bL Ciriw w.ziuwi:nwupn, bf1p UCiuwu tobacco.; ta 11naMie Ufil· .... p'tl;t!•Gemt,.otaraa~.. · ·
b4wtl:
X Insert the. ·carresp.tJli1(rlf/,g. words· frorrr .fh:e· tt1xt amd ~-~: itdw
Vl Find English equivalents for the following in·the text. Armenian: . ..
. ... 1 ,1,
. .. .
_,

,..
U2tuwrihwqpmraJwu mbuwu4Jmupg; wucutuuJtl .: .qJm11wuiuLnbuw4wu
1. The ... area of Armen!a .··· a few thousandhectares. ·
. Z.' . There are a few milking ·~ .. on this farm. ·. . . . ' ·'
mwriwoga; hwpmuLn uiwflw6g; pwg!i rabuqrg; wttbLli pr~ pwu so wljp;
3. It's difficultfor s111~ll pl?nts .. . with big industri'al ones.
:f>b11ub[lubf\O w6t;g£Jmu ..OCi Ln\.Ul"IPGl"I uzw4t.µpntJ~tin;. PptlLnWUtlWJf'\
4'. The · atmo~iphere :.~··. moisture from ocean.to earth
Wfllibuwu uwumu; pfJ~ll.jbU ubug hpzwLnw4bL bli~; , hpuuw4wu
5. The snow will .. . when 1He warm weather&rnes ·
m1111l[womroJmfJ; upWUJ2 ~bu 4Wf1n'1 Uf1QW49bl; ubriu 4L!illw; wub(Jw~nri
ctwuwuw4wzri2wun; , u.iubuwtunuwll wupuubria; q1ntr1wwumbumro1wu ..6. It has.be~n ,:: thaflh~ Work Will take US 2rf1bflth~ to finish . .
7. · ·. In ~inter the temperature 'in Yerevan ... fr()n,i..10° to 20° .. . .. .. ·
hwubuwuiwpwf1 pwf1?lp uw4Wl"ll'J.W40; huwriwtlnJlnqaJntU t U1WlPU
8. · This farm has large areas under ... : · · · · ·
PnpLnwutiwJ~U · w1.4whnl{b1; uwuuu.rl[n~ · wuuiwnul:if1; h!iuuw~wu
urobripul:iflu t;iu ·gnpbun. qwriru. 4wriLnn:f>t1Ln ti. WJL o: , ·· 9. The forests in Armenia ... ... about 14 per cent of its territory.
·. ;' ~
• •'i • ••

VII. · Give Armenian equivalents for:

T~ . qons.ist of Highla~Q .
Br.itain and ·.Low.land Brita.in; many parts of · :~tesson 12
' \ .:::'...,\·'. ,\,l . .
Highland Britain; the types of farms; most farms are arab.1~; farms are
I

usually mixed farl'.-ls; th~ farming land i,s .divideq.Jnto 111any .fields; farms
. .· ' ' '. ,\
.· . ,. ~bflW4wCmqaJm~
. .- ·./ ..' . . \t'
are gradually disappeariryg; all the year round; different kinds of meat; to
.•.·: · "··.· The passive voice ,': , ·
provide about half of the food from its soil; the estim~ted private forests;
. UIJCRbf1b(mL~U, ~· LnWf1pbpmraJmu hwjb~bup, PWJU mun bf14nt
the size of private woodland.
'
ubri the acctive voice (n,m:i hwuw~wmu,JutlJwumu t htiJJbril:i.fiij1 !bqnp .
VIII. Make wordfx;rn,blnaUons from poln~s A. and S: . ·
• _,1 • • ' • ' • ' • , I •• ~ A ...;. '
u ub11qnriow4wu ' . ,l,lba~pnu) u
the . passive . voice . (nrin
A) Agricultural; thiri, poor, fertile,' arable, different, p@ft¥; mixed, to grow, hwuw.UJ~Lnwutuw~nLtl · ;~ ~;h.UJJbribufl Lmwttnn~w(J· l!bPpu): ·
to keep, main, to compete with, n;iild, temper~turi6,;,. diff~ent kinds of, t;u., ti/Jilli u/JonuJ;t7'4·J1bqnp ubn)
·sizE(to live. · ; . ·.. · . · · ·::.i.~ · ; , · . .1 a(~ays forgivfJ... ;(~c(i~e ·voice) , ..: ·... .· . . . ...,
. !
', ' ' ' ' ' I '" \ f'~
l:Jtt ·ilp;m ub/1.nu} bl/ Uf1Wu: (ubf1Qnf1<1wt;wu u/Jf?)
EJ) . Land •...climate,: area, soil, in London, t9 . exc~ed, to .fall; t~ndency, / .~tway~ . forgwe ,her..(active vo/9tf1}. ·· ·.. . · .
meat, farm, big industrial farms, crops, animals. .. .. · l:Ju t1/72Lfl ubf1l/m~ l;tJ Uf1W qnqtlflg.r({/f1Wt/.nf1w{/wu ubo}
I am always forgJVen by her. (passive voice)
92 93
 4('lw4,npw4wu utmQ gmJg t U1WltlU l111 qnf10nflnLfajntU, nf\ U1bf1
bUfilW4WU lfflnLL~ t t1fl LlflW ublj ntflf'l2 wu()p ljW11 Wr2Wp4WJtl 4nl'J.Ofl9
4wmwpl{Lu6 qnr6nrtmraJwCl wq11tgmra1murr LlriwLJ.npw~Luu ub.11(1
wuqLbflbUmu 4wqull_mu t to be OGWUflW4 pw1ti dwuwuwljw;tiu olibppg
llbljp '-1 Ltlt11lwutn pWJfl, 11bppwjp (part II) llf'l2ngm:{:
Ltpwt.{npwljwu utmo qnp6w6t..lnul t iridefinite '-1 perfect tuu.pbfll't
pntnfl ctwuwuw4ubpmu: Continuous tuupmli df'lw1u present continuous
upast continuous ctwuw!Jw4ubpu mubu 4rw4nrw~u.iu ub12, pu4 perfect
continuous tuupmd t.ir1w4npw4wu utmo ~11 qnriowot.tnu.'i:
<wul:iuwwtup'
Indefinite: . mu bu pwjbp npnup W12hW'UWf'IW4 ibfa· : ·qnrol.Ubtlrml ,·' hwjbpt:l(i~
Present New houses are built every year. - Ul5b(J mw(J/1 unf1
mubf1 bu f./womgljnuJ:
Past This . house was . built last year. - llju . mm un
l.ju;amgljbg w(Jg;w1 ·mw{1/1:
Future A. new house will be built in Yerevan next year. - U/1
(Jnf1 mmfJ {/ljwomgl//1 ({/womglfbtm t) bf11.t.wfJnuJ
hwpnf1~ mwf1f7:
Perfect:
Present · He has already been invited. - uw Wf1fJb(J h[7Wl//1[1l/f1t t
{uf1WU Wf11].bU h[7Wl//1{10/ b(J):
Past He had already been inv11ed when I phoned him. -
Of1p bu qwilqwhw{1bgfl, (Jw Wf1f}bil h{1Wl//1f7l/b1 ff1
{Uf1WU Wf11].bU h[1Wl//1(1b/ t/1u):
Future He will have been invited till tomorrow. - U/1fJ1Li lfwrJD
(Jw hf7Wl//1f1lfW& l/1f1[J/1 {LJ[7W(J h[1Wl//1f1W& l/1/1Dbu):
Continuous:
Present He is ·being questioned now. - uw hf1tlw
hwf1gweuuljnuJ t {uf1w(J hf11JW, hwf1rJUil!(J(JnuJ. bu):
Past When I came in he was being questioned.- Of1p bu
(Jbf1u 15l.11w, (Jw hw{1gwe[J[Jlf.nltl ff1(Uf1w(J htiJ~gwP.fJ[muJ
tf7u): · Uuqtbf1bujl 4flw4nnw4wCi ub121J rawpquwu4mu t hwjbpbu
Yflwttnriw4wu ub12p hw11gw4wu flu[! 4wqu4mo t w12w2f'lu
octwu11w4 ·pwm ·auiaw4wJpg waw2 11CibLmf
94
Is he being qllestioned now?
d:ltltnW41'.UU cr.l!i.nul not tl'W.tJflfi1JtCJ" 'l'fl4_1i:t~di ~ OOtIUJ'i!~(li' o:dCt.lfil.l'j:.W.lj.
pLUJpg1htitnFJ'
He• wilt not have beerr invited till tomorrow:
bratr U.2Ltmo t qnponri:mra1wfi \4w.ll'lwtmrrr:!; &. h:f!illr w1~ w.fttlmu. t
zt::izl!ilbp1it!. U~.lll.!Ulrliwl.j\11\'4, WlilifW qnft&.tlJ(n:tnml' t·.OY," !ilm~,tq.1'Jf!Tt!!f
The letter was written by us: - uwilwlffJl C/f1llli!ml' trr tiJIJff. f:/m1.rJf1g,::
He was killed by lightning. - uw UlJ./Wlit.fbg l/WJOW{//Jg ( 4w1awi/t;J
Uli/WfJfJg Uf1WU}:
YJ1Wlln11w4wu utmb w(jqtbpbuhLu · wqbLtl LWju l.j.tipwrmqe1mf:I'
mup, pwu · hwJb('lbumu, owuuwLtnflwUJbu · w£iqLh11bumo · qn1mra1mu
I
lff•LU4.n11w4wu 4wrmtJQntu (to ask, to inform, to calf, to phone):
/i(ia mbrzbf./wg{1bgf10.' - f .was informed '
fifJd ju(J17(1bgf1u: - I was asked.
fi(Ja qwuqm 15 t;[J: - I am phoned.
UuqLbf1bunu.'i npUfbu 4rw4.nriw4wu ltwum1g!i btiraw4w
4UJ11n11 bu CJ.wu hwf1f1.bu qwt ut:ipqnp6w4wu utmp mrttu1, wumrvlw4ti
LA uwful'lf'lrw4.nf1 fuurip11ubrcr
<wobuwm,bu,p· .
The scientific council granted him the degree of. ,a foreign
language teacher. .
He was granted the degree of a foreign language teacher.
The degree ofa foreign language teacher was granted to him.
The assistents gave the students advice and help.
The students were given advice and help by the assistents.
Advice and help.was given to the students.
brab uwtul'ltmw4n11 iuu11'1110 hwu11bu t qwttiu npu.ibu
411wl{n11wljwu 4w12mJ9n buiow4w, wl.ljw uwfu11'1no 11rit.tmu t
wuuf'l2w1.4bu hpuuw4wu (Lj'ltlowum) pwjjig hbuin:
The doctor has already been sent tor. -
Pd2l//1 bl.11/Jftg Wf11].bU ntf!f[Wf1/.jb/ b(J: . ..
He is always laughed at.- Uf12m &fl&wf}mtl bu uµw lff1w:
4riw4.nrw4wu 4w12mg4_w6im4 (nf!U1b'1 huwriw4nfl t) .4wu' wlinf!n2-
111iuw4nfl uwtuw11wumra1wup'
95
 The book was sold. . .. . wugljwgub1 pfJumfiJJnt &l!
1) Q/7f1Dl! tfw6wn£/bg(ljpwtfnf1w.""11i {/w0m19): fail in an exam - tJwjun1J.t/b1
2) Q/1{1DIJ tfw6wnbgj1(J (wunf1n2-11/1ilw£/nf1 fiw/uw11wump1mli): examinatiorial, .a, - 9uuw4w£i
PwJg· . .··, 8. attend, v.: · - [a' tend] - hwl!wjub[ .
Yesterday he was spokeq to. 1• : n .. . -[~ ~ tendans]
.att$ndance, -h~junut
Of1bl/ Uf1W, ·hb111 junubgj1(J {l/(1Wt,/n{1w{/wu .·l/Ll/OnLJgm/ pwf1qtlw- 9. an.~l. a .. - [' renjual] - U1Wpb4UJu.• Wlll:ifawlJW
. ump1muu wuhuwf1 t): , " :.' , . annually, adv. -['amjuah] - wilb Ci uiwot+
:-· ~ ·~: ·. syn.yearly
"lblsi~ t hpzbL. np unzui !t, nri ·to '\'./:Je + Participle II 10. undergraduate, n . - [,Anda' gnedjmt]
·4wu.iw4gmra1mun . ppbupg ubp4wJwgunul t 4riwl.lnnw4wu ut:rnr ali: syn. student
. : . UJ.u · 4Lµnnii . J wpuiw~IJJJulbL .n! ra~ .. qn.rionrinqaJmu, wn graduat~r.v. . -:- [' grredjue1t] - w4wpuitt pµJ~l'lUJqnLJCi
lltl6wlt ~ hwu'l~u .· qwt . npu.ibu pwnwrwJwt tµu~wf.tw4wu uuinrmCl.Jwt'· mumuuw4wu hwuu;wlJ1nqaJmu
He. is.,. .worr(e(/..- .Uy; wulp.µuqu111u;gwf1 t!· . . 11 . .accept, v , -[ak~&ept] - OLil'lnLUbL
The window is shut - <fJL11Wf1J./JWU1J >L/lwl;·.,f:.:. ·~ : .H, • 12·. ·vaeation'; n - {va'ke1fan] - w11()w4m11.'l , . ·.
The glass was broken. - Pwdwl/o . (/nt.1J£1iJfi;io .i fl;:..· ·~ .. syn. llo~days
13. apply, v - [~' pla1] - oqlllwqnf'\6b1, UlWL
Vocabulary .· ' ' ;. I
UIWl'lWl'llllWuJmra
~ :..-.r.·\_
1:·· ,. .rr...~/~.- ;....i _ .: . application, n - [,reph'ke1fn] - oqLnwqnnom~
1. .education,·. n .. . ,. -[,edju'.ke1fn] · .... •ltr\janl!raJmCI; mumgnul .·. ~~jed; p;p,, ~ . : - [a<·pla1d}· - 4~1lWPW4WCt ;,
educational, a - [,edju:'ke1fanl] . . , :.;ilH\PlQ4Wu, 14, ~·\Cl.gv. , , ·;_ . - [2EZ). : - WJUUlbU, WJUUlbU .
nu.ftl\Wtw4wfr o(l~uw4 · 11 1 . , , ' i .

educated, p.p. · ' - Ledju:·'ke1t1d] · . ·..: · -Qpp(;\lli~"· as, cj - bpp, WJ~ ~uwCiw4
2. vocation, n · - [vo(u)'ke1fn] - w11hblitn';, ' :. :
bpp ,,: ' '" ' ,·
... .. ··.. ·. ..
' '·' · · · .,· umuCiiliq!it.nmraJm~ 15, rel.ation, n . ' .· . - [ri' le1Jan] - 4Wltl~ ,4wtu4w6mraJmu
··.vocational, it - ·[vo(u)'ke1fn} · · - ttllititn»'i~mw~wu ref~tiVe,-,41 " . - [' relatIV] .,. hwpwpbpw4wCi.
vocational schooi · · ·· · 1 :.:"'dilimWq~tritu4u.l1J ' in relation to ''' : ·..,. f1l!J·:l/bf1LIJPbf1lfmil t
,·,. 'ntllnLdOilipwu .
. I 'I
16. manageme~~' n : ",·, r~~n1d3mant] · -4wDw4wpnu'i
3. lead, v -··[li:dJ ··· · ·· · , ., . ' f · ~·l'tt1q«it{Wf'tL manage, v . .,· .., ['mamrd3] ·'·..' ~ rtb4w4w11b1, ·
leader, n - P.i:da] -11.b~U,.11 ; . 4w11w4 wpbL · ·
4. discuss,'V · ·· -·[d1s'kAs] - 1 ~0" .· bl 17. gr~et, . v . . - [gri:t] - nrt2muQL .: .·
5. gather: v "· ' · - [' gielfa] ·· - f'iui '· b(. greeting, n - [gri:tII)] ' - nrt2mJfJ . _.
6. subject, n ~f~Abd'31kt] : · · ·. ~ U:frf' · ''1ili ' 18. enter, n 1 · ., .,. D(ll'lmu4bl . · · :
7. examine, v1 -{1g''zrern1~] ' :'':- ptiQ ', .:,':t~·:.:"· .· . ' ; ,. munumw4wu
examine, v2 . . ,::·,, ·: -h~Ui . ~~bl hWUU1WU1nLfajnLCJ
exarniner,' n•: : '·q1g'zremlh~] .,_ ·. . '" -,9~0h~~:.:~· · .' enter, n2 - ['en ta] .· - ubpu uuiubL
examinatiorf{e>tam); 17 - [1g,~m(~elJ.a*Jl .: '9q~mr1liiL9· .· · entrance exam - ['en trans] - [lUl'lnLUbLmraJWU
tal<e' ailexamlnatioh '·,, · ·'···· · · · ·· ·' · - p/iuht~~(u hwlidub1 9uumraJmCi
pass an examination · •'. !! ; -pw'µtifiuJphrz
96 97
19.-·cost, n . · · ·· · - [k:>st] - q~(J, Wf'lctbp •.•·, .. , Text A
cost, v - Wf'lctbUWL
20. pay, v - [pe1] - llmOt:iL, tl6Wf'lbL Students of Agriculture and Forest~ in.Britain .
payment, n - [,pe1mant] - 46Wf1, ltwpll
21. expenses, n, pl. - [1ks'pensiz] - owtuub11, owtuum~ubp In Britain there are three types of agricultural education.
:expensive, a - [1ks' pens1v] - rowC.4, rowu4wpctbg 1. County1 farm. institutes for vocational training give one year courses.
Th~re are about 2000 students in England and Wales, two main
syn. dear · .- [d1a]
- tctwuwq~u agncult~ral areas.
ant. cheap - [tJi:p]
. ; ex~nditure, n . - [1ks' pertd1tJa] - owiuu 2. . Five a9ricultu11~J colleQ~ prpvide two-year .diploma courses. .
- [a'maunt] - q~~ 4wqllbt · Every agricultural college co-operates with some leading farmers
22. amount, v
- q~(J 4wqllbL (~rU!U... )
in student practical traini~g .. ; r. " . '· ', . '
· . , amrillht (to)
,, amount, n - 9wuw4, qru The futur~ st~dents ,ps.ually have ~elve months.of pr~qtical. work
· •. . :. [lau'ke1t] · ' ·- rnbl'\wltn11tiL, puw4bgubt on farms ~tte.~ . fin1sh1ng, s~~mcary school : .Yearly in,.Sep~mber au the
23. locate; v
you~g. m~ . :and girls who'.'.~a~po study at ag~icul,lµ,ral roltege.are a$ked
syn. situate to come to the college for a three-day conference. At this qonference all
24. several, pron. · - [' sevral] .-' lln ~wo~; n11n2 gwuw4.
aspects of college life are discussed. After the , ponference the future
syn. a few1 ·some ··· students go to work on the {arms for one year.. .· · · . ' , . 1 , ,
25. famous, ·s ·· . - ['fe1mas) .
,
- w4wuwltn11. hwJuiur
. Those :Wh~ w~nt to}.l~p,ome students of th~ .ko!lege fu,\jSt usually
syn. well-known ·' · pass the exammat1on m one ·Pf the subjects. ttl~t h's not been•studied at
26. found, v : .; ['faund] · - hnilliwri~bL. utnbl'\6tL
school. The future students have to attend day hr e~eni,ng ·c1a$ses on that
27. common;:a · · - ['k:>man] - oO~tupOhL(l, hWU('IWJnu subject. ·· . .· , . .· . ' .. ·
- u(Jijbi
28. to have meals - [mi:lz] Working on the farm every future farm~r must hav~ his diary .
I ;. ' 3
.
to have dinher ··. - ~wz\\i·L Da1l¥· th.e st~de~t$ : rn1.,1st wdte:~own in the diari~~ w~t is done and seen
. We have meals . - tlbbb uutJmtl bup o.~)he farm~. I~e~~ di.ari~~~ Q.ro ~xamined before..the ~tudepis begin ~o
1
thre'e;times a·day. • 011W,(/wfJ,l1f1bp wuqwtl
stu~y atthe·~lege: .. ;: ~ ;· ':I?•·. > . ., «· . , · . : :..
29. head;· v·:·• · · · · - [hed] · · - Qtml\J; · ~t~tlwp 3. Most of the universities have faculties of agriculture where experts
lnstltutes·'are ' headed - na[/mnflOb/ltJ 1{6ljwtfuJf1nuJ l:iu and teachers in Agric!-'l~'' ~nd,Forestry ar.~ trained. . .. .·
by Rectdrs ,, filiuu7/1ll1nillllifJfiij 1••.u · Oxford University provides for Agricultural and· Forest' Sciences
30. advice, n ' · · ~ [ad'va1s] · · · · - tun~Hnqi~ ·. .
courses too. The Honour "~qhopL of Agricultur~l .and Forest Sciences
4

takes three years. But onl~/ .th irty undergr~d~~~s. c~n be :

1
~dvise, · v · - tunf\hrup11 rnwt aceepted
31. besides, prep. : ·. · - [bi' sa1dz] - pwg~; pwgwomroJw~p annually. Ther~ are,)v~e~x.i 19~1~ and farm ql.~sses -~llroughout. "~~e year
syn. except . ; . :: ; . here and vacation courses op_ .1~.nd use, soil ~cJ~nc~. app,li~9}~c9Jogy ~tc.
32. arrange, y .:1•. • • ' [a'remd3] 1• ; - > - pwptil{wp4bt, . .....- ' ;.:, ·;1 . .. ,. .;

~wqdw4b11U1tiL ;~~~Lii~ U1w11qwpw~(l,L~ . i -' • . . • ::

33. trairl',<V . / " :. i·, , -[trem] - mumgwCibt ··· : .
, , • • , _' 1
1. county [' kaunt1] - 4mlumroJmu \,. . :, i .. ,.
. ! ' •• .,, ... · · .\_
2. secondary school - llfl2Ciw4w11q 'll.Ll('lng
. ,,. ' i· .·.
3. diary[' da1an]- 011wq~11

98 99
4. The Honour School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences - Ill. From the words given in tables f and 2 make up expressions and
OJmrtwLnuLnbuw4wu L. wuLnwriwLnbluuti4w4wu qtiLnmraJmuubriti translate them into Armenian.
1.4wLn4.w4.nn 111.4nng
Table 1 Table2
1. to go back 1. different ;

Exercises 2. to increase 2. for their. specific system

3. to train for 3. fees
I. From the list of· words given below find out synonyms to the 4. by correspondence 4. with intellectuals
following underlined words and word combinations from the text. 5. to be known 5. Master and Doctor
6. to provide 6. t9 the 131h century
1. Colleges are built on a plan common to all. 7. the degree of 7. education
2. Radio and TV are of great importance. · · 8. academic 8. year
3. ... for the government and governmental establishment.
4. English·· Unive'rsities provide the country· with the elite of IV. Choose from the list below terms corresponding to each
,···
' 'intellectuals.· ' definition. · · '
5. 'Living expenses amount to '3600.
6. It was founded in 19ltff. 1.0ne of the periods into which the academic year is divided is called
.. . '

1.' Fees increase with every academic year. · · · .·

r· . . , ,
.
8. · ... fdrdifferent·professions. · · 2.Getting education by posting·essays, etc. to one's tutor is ealled ; ...
·~ '

·... :.··.
9. : .. vaeation last 3 months. 3.Systematic training arid' . instructions, espe~iafly of the young in
10. . .. three terms a year. school, colleges, universities is called ... . '
4.Charge of payment for professional advice or service is called .. .
1) significant; 2) enterprises, corporations; 3) universal; 4) supply; 5) 5. The period of time during Which universities stop work is called ... : ··
come to, reach, mount to; 6) to be established; 7) · ns~1' srow; 8) interval, 6.Academic title, rank or grade given by a university to one who has
course of time, semester; 9) various; 10) specialist, trade;: 11) holidays. passed an examination.is ·called ....
' ' , :' •"; 1. :·

II. Give antonyms ttJ the undeillned words. 1) degree; .2) term; 3) vacation; 4) education by correspondence; 5) fee;
."... .... 6) education. · · .-, · ··
1.0xford is'the oldesfUniversity in England.
2.ln the early 191t1 century. . V. Translate Into Arm~lan.
3.0nly children of the rich people could study there'.
4.Fees increase with every academic year. 1. The summer term.··
5.Students trained fa~ different professions... 2. End of term examinations.
6.0xford and Cambridge are known for their specific system of 3. During the term...· ·
education. 4. Education is free and compulsory.
7.After the visit of Prime Minister. 5. Summer vacatidn.
8.The cost was so high. 6. · Our summer vacation lasts 2 months.

100 101
VI. Translate into English.
6. He saved his $on from drowning but onfy at the cost . : . his own
life. ·
Vb(1 hwliwluw11wuub11nul ttwri~o 2WLll pwri~r !t:
:.
nLUnuluw~wu Lnw11tiu pwctwul{nul t br4r:iL 4tiuwu1w4ti:
X Translate into EflgHsh.
o.11w11wriwun ti 6w2U:111wuo qLnu4,mu bu bri4nnrin hwri4mll:
lTbfl hwuuuuw11wunul ljwu nu!1.4bu 6zq11ti\J1 qjluinqa1muCibrti. 1.
w1u1.4bu tL hmuwuf'll.llwfl :J>w4mt Ulbl.llubr: Vwu4wqw~<tW4W·G j1uul.llf1Lllnu..nubrimu··· ·· l.jwu · ·L11wrPbri
:J>wlfmt Lllbl.llul:iri:
2.
VII. Put the ~erbs in the brackets in the necess'!tytense form. Uuqtbrbu . tbqll~ :J>w4mLUlbl.llmu qifliwl{nri wr7w114wu
wuqlbflbu6 t: .
.3'.
UlWj1pbtil1L~Jrl'tli[] nuulllf'lLnml.nH Li~ntb2ti dn2~::
' j, '

1.Oxford University ,(to be founded) in the 11t~.~entury. n"rlCI t

2. There (to be) many Universities in Great Britain...
4.
hui~nun" muwun~iu4wu wljmtlp-uti·r 4wCi .·. Uuqitiw1f1
1mib2ubrimu LL hwuw[uw11wuubpmu:
3. ihe academic year in our country (to begin) ih September and (to
last) ~.mqnths. . · . . , · .... ·:· _: ·
4. . The new building of Universities (to be built) every year.
XI.
From the .wqrds 'i,j" rip/es 1 and 2 make up word coinbt'nat/ons..
translate them lnto·'AWhenian. - ·... · · · · · ·
5. Universities (provide) the country with intellectuals .
. 6. He.{to.oe granted).the.Degre,e .of Master l(l~~y~ar!. ,
7. · Many' specialists ·(tO be trained) in this college.
8.. .Where .your col.1¢ge (tq be ~ituated)? . . c.... . . ,. .
1.
Land " ·,i\\,''. 1. Classe$;
9. What speci(.t.ljsts (to be traine~) in.Agricultur~!i~.paqemy? . i agrictllicir~f! .''1 • · 2. M~nabement
1o. When the bu.i'lding' of Moscow University (to ~~ .. ~vilt)? . 3. One~y
. .. · aat·l~"!
: '!'"\ '' . ' 3. Ed'.·.·u.- ~c· a·t·1·0
·'. ·n
4. Pre•coil~ · 4. Fa.cult)' :.
~

Chang~~the verbs·from Active Voice Into Pa,ssjve Y';11pe.

I I '

VIII. ·5. Evenina ;,·:. . 5. Trajni'ng·'

. 6. Com uf'l '.•tir>r ··
~--:-:_. ,:_.r-. -:-
• . :--:-
... -.- ~- >.· '·~:....
. :_ ,.,..
• . .. r ,. . ._.1..-__-=-6::....
_i , ; . - . ..,.;:C:.;::;o;..::u.:..:
·rs;..:::e_-_· - - - ' , •
1. They built this library many years_ago.'".. . ...:,: : .'··..·
2. This lecturer reads very interesting lectures. XII. . : From,' ~he /!st·ol '~/ifi!l',~~·ven ·below nr/[/qut thf! synonyms to the
· llnderhned words lro'lftthe text · ." ·· ·
• 3. .Pr,.§mith heads the Faculty of L~w. , . '. . · . . ·;
·. ~, 4. They organized the Open University system m Britain.in 1968.
5. They have granted him a Bachelor Deg.ree. . . . ' 1. ' In' Brita'in;:tti~re'i;if~ tPlt~~ i'l12.§ of agri~u'ltUra'I etj4f8tibn.
6. They will build a new building of thf;:! ~rnYer~1ty ,m..f1ve years . 2. There are two fil§!O. ~gncultural areas 1n this region .
3. After finish.ing secocidary school ...
. <f!,~; 4. Yearly in Septerri~r~J.: ·: ·1 -··" .. ... > ·, · ,
Insert prepositions where it is n~~essal ,:, 1~.'.1,·
1
IX , .
5. · Farmers wh9 co · rate with the college ... ,
The new equipment is ... great im~ortaJ · .~· 6. : 'To;discuss::alt the robfems of students' trainincl'. :
I . i
1.
7. They usually pas;; the examination '.;".::· :'. '"-'.; ··. ,_. ·· '·: ·
2. I'll study there .. . April ... J1.1lY,. . · .. ·\'.: · ·.
3. They provided us ... everything necess('.l ·~ 8. ·~~~ 3·~\1n:~~r~~~~·~~es can be admitte9.·~ " ... ;
• ;~,; ' • , • \ I' •,:. ~.: _, " • "~
1 . . . :;. •• '. . " :- " ' , I , '

His debts amount ... 500.0 drams. ".. "

0

4. "
5. He was ~rained ... the Law. l Leavfr19; 2:· Work·t~ether; 3. PrinCipa(i 4:.Adfriitted; ·s.' Gilrierauy; s.
Education; 7. Annually; 8., Kinds. . ., . , ' . ' ' ,
102
103
XIII. Read the following sentences and put in the words from the text.
5. . He visits the farmers and students.
1. No country can afford to neglect . .. .
XVI. Tran$late ihtoEnglish paying attention to the different functions of
2. This patient must take a .. . of X-ray treatment.
·· the verb to be. .\.
3. His ... wife is also a student of this faculty.
4. Forestry is a . . . which all the students of faculty of Forest
Sciences must know very well. 1. P11'11i11w~~w1mtl 4';Uu 2wui q1mriwuiuLnbuw4wu 1m1b2ubri:
5. The Director is on .. . now. 2. Cwui ~bpllt:i(lubfH.4btng t ubp4w t'1utu 4nu~t11wuutiu: · ··. ·,
3. UJ'l muwunri.tiu h~uw guumu bu: ··
XIV. Translate the fol/owing sentences into english, using the words
4. Vbu~ qJmrtwLnuLnbuw4wu u4w11butiw1ti muwun11utri bu9:
and word combinations from the text. 5. UJu ~b11uw(J 6wuwtl{w6 t wupn112 bf14rimu:
6. Qjlujl(J UU1WUOLU1h(J luwrinritig:
' ' ':·i
1. fl"u~ bfl 11mp hjlow ~uuwri4nu~:
2. n"ri W17Wfl4WUbflU be llnLfl uwj\J[!Ul!lflnLU: ' : ' XVII. Translate the following sentences into Armenian paying attention
3. llju LnWflP po bll.PWJflQ [!Ul)ni..uqnu.l t. OJRLl}WlIIULnbuw4wt:J to the translation ofthe words as and for: · · .\ ·.· ·
' .,
tiuul!ljlumLLnjl wlJLnwujl ~wLimtLnbLnQ:
4. '1mI? 4wcmuw4np b"p hw6wfumli 11wuwNRUmL(c)JhLuub110: 1. He couldn't go any-where as he hadn't passed his exams.'
5. "fl"CJ~ be 4Uirionul, nppwu 4wpctbuw wJu 4briwri4mu:" "bu 2. I know him as a good.·specialist.
buraw11rimu bu, nr w1u 2wLn rawuLi wpctt:" · · 3. A~. I was preparing for my exams I learnt very many interesting
6. nL"o bCJ nu11'nLu0t~ OJnH1wlfluLnbuw4wu Ul4w11bujlw:" "PnLnri things about my future profession. ·' :. . · · · .· · ··
UflWUQ, m{ ,hw2nrtnLJOJWlip 4hwua(J~ .:· ;.QUllnLUbtnLIOjWU 4. They have saved ·mohey for their children's education.
QUUnL(ajntUubpu:" ' .. 5. They will not discuss this problem for they are not interested in it.
7. b f1P b(J u4u4n~tl 3bri wriaw4mp11utno: . . . ,·
0
6. He took off his hat!locgreeting his friends;
8. UubfJ l!IWfljl lll4f1ngjl hwqwpw4nf1 2fl2WUW.\.lWfll!IUbfl (school-
leaver) hwuaumo bu nu'ln~ubtmia1wu J2uCmtJOJJ)~uyt;.rn: · ,, <'' ,,. Text B ·. ·
. L·' .
9. "11m wlf wriLnw4w"u 4nq1up nLu1.Uun11 tu:" "U1n •.· ~µ~.J1u bru::iwff'D
. ·. {· · .

w12w2'1~ 4mriu'1 muwunri t:'; · , ·· · · " · ~~~iish Universiti~s ,

10. "t°'U!J~t,U !J t nLU.f)LgUWU \.lWflfl[J'.'.' "~u 2Wlfl .p!µ(t,Qft t L. lllWflbQ
0

Lnwrti w6mu t } . ·. : · . . ··... ~::,;.. ·

.. .." •. •
:1~
The best-known universities of Great Britain are located in
-~-.~~/f~:~ •1'. •:..
Oxford, Cambridge, LC!JndOn·' and several' other cities. Oxford and
xv. Put the questions to the underlined words.
. ····- "'-"1,r'"'~·
iii .. Cambridge universities are the ones known for their specific system of
education1; • , .. li .' · · · · ,
I ·• ~ .f"'.'t~;:~ ·1 (.

1. In England there are many colleg~s that tc?,IP···,agronornists, Ne~ton, Darwin an? many other fam0us men studied at Cambridge
veterinarians, economist§i ' . '' ':. . "'" ~ ,· which wa~ found~ .in 1209. Now Cambridge like2 Oxford, is a collection
2. The future student§ .Us~alfy, have tw~l~~}nonth~qf:practical work. of colleges~ There (3re thirty-nine colleges at Oxford and among3 them -
3. At this conference all aspects of college life are discussed. · five for women ·students which were built near.the end of the last century.
4.. After the confererice the bJtvre students go to w,ork on the farms Col~eges are bum on a pfan common to ·an. There is a libraty, a dinning-
during one year. · · ·· · · ., . . ~all and rooms for the students. Colleges are places where the students
live, study and have meals together. .
104
105
 t°'u-lJjlujlllltu{jl dtulllw4wu ~lto 4wqul{nul t not awuCJ'14CJ
In each college there are students of all kinds, that is5 , one may 11CJl>l1CJ'1l11'14'19 wow2 llUbtnl{.
find physics students, agricultural students and those of other specialties. Not to write - lQf1bf
6
Colleges are headed by Masters . Students are given advice and Notto be written -1qf1ifb1
help by teachers. Each week the work of every stud.ant is. discussed and t°'u~jlCJjll!ljll{jl pw11w11rnwt ~Li.brio 4wqut.tnul bu to be 4wu to
criticized by the assistants. Besides the students of all colleges attend have octwu11w4 pwJti nu:PnCJfllI1'14ti L. LflfluwulII pWJP I 4wu II 11b11pwJti
lectures at the University. The examinations are ~manged and the hw11w1111mra1wup: ·
7
degrees are granted also by the University. The students study at the 'Lwtuw11wumra1wu ub2 jlu:pjlujlllljll{o (wowu~jlu 4wu
8
University for four years, three terms a year . wwgmuubrinl{) 4wrinl'l t hwu11bu qwL npu.ibu'

Sbpul!lp u.iwpqwpwCmul 1. bu@wyw.

To smoke is bad for health. - ajubf!J i/U?w(Jqwifnfl f wonrzpnLfdJUJu
1. specific system of education - 4riramraJwCJ w11wu~uwhw111m4 hwtlwf1:
hw.uw4wnq To work f$ .everybody's duty. - UzjuwU7bf!J JnLf1Wpwugnt{l/1
2. like - uuwuwu.ibu L., tiu!~bu uwL. U/Wf1U7pu ( : , . ·
3. among[' <)ffiAIJ] - upwug ub2 ·
4. dining-hall.- 61.1,1zw11wu 2. Ullln(lnqb1hwywu dbnwnho. · •
5. that is ~ 11w t Our duty ts fo help our friends. - Ubf1 U/Wf1U7pu t oqub/ tlbf1
6. Master - ~ntb2'1 .l!luopbu IJU{/bf1Ubf1f1/J·
I I '. ' ' '

7. to grant a degree - 2un11hbt wul!ljl6w[J . o. His aim is to master English. - uflw uUfUJU7wl{u ( U7/1f1UJUfbU7bf
8. three terms ·~ year - lIIW!ll:i4wCJ 1J11b11 guuw2112wun\.l .(ubutump) wuqf bf1buf1u:

3. Pwnwnmw1 pw1wywu uuinonqiw1h uwu.

She began to cry. - uw ul{ubg f wg 1/1ubt: .
He intends to leave town this week. - uw t1U7UJfJ/1f7 .f tlbl{ub1
Less'on 13 f}UlfJUJf}/1g UJ/UlWPUJfd:

4. nLohn tuCJnhQ (to /fke, to forget, to ask, to promise l.t WJL w[Jgn,:iw4wu
pwJbrllg hbLnn).
. t°'CJ~llCJjluip4 - the infinitive o ·•· ·. I like to ·,~ad, detective stories. - tiu· uf1f1mtl btl qbll1bl{U7/1i/
• c .• '
. . ::' ;r ~ : , . UfUJU7tlifw(Jp(Jbf1 ljUJf1fJUJf:
t°'CJ~jlupl!ljll{[fPWJl'l wun11n2 ~Lt[!, W!llllWhWJUll{mu t to Don't forget' to post the letters. - !Jtlnowuwp mqw(1/{bf
awuurltnij Lt 11~Ujl hbVlL.JWL ~hbl1£!· ··' ' ,,
uwtJw{/ubf11J:
'• '

Active ·P1!$Sive 5. nonzh5.

lndefim1e to wdte ,. to be written He will make a r~port at the conference to be held in Jµne. -
Continuous to be writing ; ·, ·
,,;· ~
uw l{qb{/mg/1 W;u ljnu.fJbf1wuunuJ, nf11J ljw;wuw1m ( (qmtlwf1ifb1m
Perfect to have written to have been written t) hm uf1uf1[J: '
Perfect Continuous to have been writing -
107
106
 She was the last to answer at the examination. - 6. situated, a - [' srtjueit1d] - U10f1W4WJ4W6
uw t/.bf1pf1uo LJ./WU1wujuwubg pufmtpfwu (!wtlwuwlj: be situated • qliluqt;{
syn. be located
6. uwwtnwyh wwowgw. 7. cattle, n - [' kretlJ -1Un2n·p t112trwLtnri
To know a foreign language well one must read and speak as wuwumu
much as possible. - 0U7WrJ 1bqm /Wt/. fttlwuw1m hwil'w(1 UjbU7p t 8. breed, n - [bri:d] - gt11
n(1/}WU hUW(1Wt/.nf1 t 2Wlf1 (/Wf1fJW/ /.;. junubj: breed, v,-· - pmbtr·
To drive a car in a big sity one must be an experienced driver. - cattle breeding
1.:"'
- wuwuuwpmomraJmu
Ub6 pwrzwpnuJ wt/.lflntlbpbuw t1.wf1b1m · hwilwf1 lJ./bU7p t breeder' · " ~ wuwurn.upmj6
l/7n[10l/WfJ l/W(1n(1fJ tf1Dbt: n(1Ujbuqf1 ilb6 f}WfJWpnuJ Wl/U7nt5bpb{Jw 9. ·enterprise, n· - [' ent~pra1z] - 6b11uw'flt.imraJmu ,
l/W(1bU, UjbU7p t l/7nf70l/W<f l/W[7n[7fJ t/1Dbu: mumbumraJmu, ~bflll~
10. livestock, n - ['larvst:'.)k] - OUlllWUD 4_bU~\µUpUbfl
7. . Sblill.twuph wwnw(lw. · '
livestock,breeding
'
- wui.uuuwpmomraJmu
He was too tired to answer any queations. _. uw 1wlf7wqwug
...hnqf.tw6f[1 b..;f[1 l/Wf1nrz UjliJtnUJU/uWCtbt n[7{,,f hW[7g/7: n[7/.;.f hW(1g/7 11. however; cj - [hau ' ev~] - uw4WJU, .
...
lJ./WU1WUjuwub1m hwtlwf1 uw 1wlf7wqwug hnquw<J ff1: WJUnLWUbUWJG,hLl
12. equipment, n - [1kwipnrnnt] ' ' ' ~ uwp2w4n~mu
8. Pwnn tuunnh. bU@WYW!h. nnnzh!h. ' WWOW9Mllh 'uwu: hbtnl.tJWl ' equlJ{v ' ' ~ uwrn:>wqnptu '
, 4w.1WLJQClbpm,Q..!he .Objective Infinitive Constn.iCti(?:n,·,. the Subjective 13. drive·, ~ - [dra1v] · - tJwflbl (w4mn~t~tuw,
Infinitive Construction, the for-to-Infinitive Constructjq.n: ; . U1flW4lllnfl)
tractor driver lllflW4U1nflf'lUU1
-.•1 combine driver ' '
4rnlpwJuwqwr
Vocabulary 14. barn, n - [ba:n] -.wuwuuwqnu
(2pumiaJmu :
1. aim, n - [e1m] 'wuu.iumuutriti hwuwri)
syn, purpose 15. seedbed, n - ['si:dbed] - gwu2up l{WJfl,
4wpbtw~bri,
'
.
" k .
, -,~ ,
' . '

aimless, a - wuul:lllUU1w4 1. ,1 ,!
2. contribute, v - [k:m'tnbju:t] - ut1111utl .
contribution, .11 -·utrrirhll1.'. : · '. i·.-"
3. due,a - [dju:] - hwowiqromwutuwu . .TextA
due to: ~ ~wlllzSwri~lt. · ·
hblllliwup~~: Ii zunrhtl4 .Students at wo.rk ·.
' . ' ; . : .. ... ~.... ·· ;
"'
syn because of
In summ.er mo$t.students work .in qiffer~n~ parts of our country.
';·. · '··· ..
thanks to
be due to - L4WJllwuwl(nr4tlL, Their aim is t6 contribute to. the development o:f industry and agricµlture.
(pwgwll'1n'4bf) A gro~p of. stud~ots tr~m Armenian Agricultural Acad~m.Y wor~ed
4. ·overcome, v ·. · ·- [;ouv~'kAin] · - hw11~wt1tl1rbl on a farm not far from Yerevan last summer. The farm is rather nch. It 1s a
5. nevertheless, adv - [,nev:}a~· ies] · ·~ w1unu.riutiuwJupl{, mixed one and has big areas under field crops and grasses as well as
~UWJw£'·~' '
109
108
 some cattle-breeding enterprises. To improve · soil fertility and ·increase
the yields the farmers use fertilizers. The fertilizers to be applied are 11. They began their work early in the morning.
produced at a local chemical plant. . . 12. The student helped to build a new barn for cattle.
Many agri.ct.1ltural processes ·are mechanized and farm 13. To work on the farm is useful:'
machinery is used both for crop cultivation and for livest~ck breeding.
~o'-:'ever, the i~~ensification of production is not yet high enough. To raise Synonyms: 1) work; 2) animals; 3) a lot of; 4) various; 5) purpose; 6)
1t still more fert1hzers and modern farm equipment are needed. enlarge; 7) to assist, help; 8) crop; 9) harvest; 10) to be used.
Some girl students worked as milkmaids. They worked well and Antonyms: 1) useless; 2) old; 3) little; 4) bad; 5) decrease; 6) poor; 7)
all cows were always milked in due time. It was not difficult to do the job, fewer; 8) low; 9) same.
as there a.re Q.ood milking machines on the farm. Some boys worked as
tracto~ dnvers. . They began their work early in the morning and
sometimes h.ad t~ stay in the field late into the night.
. A_ group of students helped the farmers to build a new barn for If Find out the translation of the following words and word
cattle. combinations from the text.
Th~ .students liked their work and decided to come again in
spring to help farmers prepare the seedbed. 1. u~wulllbL w11LnUJfll1ntfaJWfJ l.t qJmriwtnfJlllbumraJwfJ
To work in th.e farms and to see different agricultural processes is qwpqu.igowun: ·
very .useful for agr\c.ultural students as it helps them become good 2. UuwuOwpriLCtw4wu .'.jlhpllw:
spetialists. · · 3. Pwriblwi.tbL hnfl~ ~lllflWlllllmra1muo:
4: Pwrro11wgObt pt111m: ·
Exercises 5. Oqtnwqriritu!:iL ~w11wf1lllWLIJmra:
6. ~jllljlw4wu qnpowrn.uu:
From. the. list given below find out the synonyms or antonyms to 7. "lwhwu2i.tnul t ctwllwuw4w4jlg UWJ1EWlln11nul:
the l./nderlined words. · 8. Uztuwlflbt nf1LL1bu 4tai.tn11mhjl:
•·' . :· · •· 9. Lmll 4Jabl:
1. In summer most students work in different parts of our country. ' 10. U21UwlllbL nriutbu ll111W4lllnf1jlulll: ·
2. Their aim is to contribute to the development of ·industry. 11. unri qnOb(1 4womgbt:
3. It is rather rich ...
4. It has Q1g areas of field crops. ,
5. To improve soil fertility and increase the yields the farmers use
fertilizers. Ill. Choose from the list of words given below terms corresponding to
6. The fertilizers to be applied are produced at a local chemical thefollowlng definitions.
plant.
7: · ·The intensification of production ls not yet high .enough. 1. Chemical plant food is called . .. . .
mote
8. · . To raise the 'intensification fertilizers ·ate.h~ded . 2. Unused part ofland which is in its natural condition is called .. .
9'' ' ... because much agricultural product is to come.from. 3. Area of Jarid for growing crops and raising animals is called .. .
1O'. It was not difficult to db the job, as there ··a·~e: good milking 4. A covered building for animals on a farm is called ...
machines on the farm. . .: '. . . Farm, fertilizer. soil, barn.
110
111
 IV Change the verb$ (rom Active Vo/Ce into Passive Voice. 5. Every student of an Agricultural Institute ... work on the farm.

1. They produce a .lot of fertilizer~. VIII. Translate the following sentences into English.
2. They have enriched this soil with nitrogen, phosphorus and
potash. 1. 4rat't ub_gbuwub110 wrimw11pl{mu bu w1u qn11owrwrmu.'i:
3. The farmers improved soil fertility in this area . . 2. Uuriwuo ubr nLUWUbflubrio w2tuwmnul tru nr~bu
4. The milkmaids will raise milk yields of the cows next year. Lnflw41J1npj'lu111ubr:
5. The students are building a. cattle barn now .. 3. On1mra1mu mubu ~wriw11111wuJmrabrp mwf1pbf1 mbuw4ubp:
6. When we came our students were milking cows. 4. OJnLf1W1I1u111bumra1wu ub2 zwm 4wpl.!nr t ctwuwuw4w4pg
uwm~wl{nrmuGb11'1 oqmwqn116muo:
v Insert the words~ when. before. that, both. and, either ... or. 5. nrmquwu 2unf1hp4 w11J mwrti uit.{btti pwrll11 pbrip t umwgL{bl:
. ' .
1. The students will go to work on the farm . .. they pass their IX And out the synonyms to the underlined words from 3 variants
exams. · given below.
2. ... milk .. ~ ..meat are pr9du~ed on their .farm. ·.
3. to
In summer niy brother wili'go ... to America ·: .. Britain. 1. Agriculture ne~ds skilled professionals.
4. The chairman said . . . our students :.had worked; ,very well on .the 1) experienced; 2) gooo; 3} bad.
farm. . ...· .' ., . .'I'... .· · ' ·;' 1

5. The seedbed must be prepared ... the.. weathe~becomes too hot. 2. To improve crop quality agronomists .. are to:. study the
environmental factors,,
VI. Translate the following sent~nces i~to English ·~~ing ~~finitive. 1) to worser:t; 2) to ct}ange ,for the b.etter; ~)to destroy..

1. Vbr ull.Ju.1111w4u t oqubt 2'1C1wpwr1uo11~u· 4wQnL~bL . ub6 wtunri
q;mriwmu111buw4wu 4bul'}wupub11'1 hwuwr:
2. U4bttl 2wui u.iwrwrmwuJmra wnuiwqpb[nt . hwuwr utiri
QWl'J.Wf?nu.'i 4wrm~g4mu t Cmp !?'11l'1w4~U. qnnownwu:·
3. nLuwlinq(Jb!1[! b4bL b(1 WJUUlbf'J. -1;>bptlbf)ubpp(J oqubtm hWUWf1:
4. Uuhpwdt2U1 t 4rabt WJU 4nl{bpj1u Of1[) b114m wuqwu:
5. LlJu 2112wGmu u_ib111~ !t pm6bt 4bGl'}wuj1ubr:
VII. Use. corresponding modal verbs Jn the.following sentences and
translate them into Armenian (to be, must,'. have to, can, could, to
be able to). · 1) Important.; 2) dangerous; 3) hard.
3. The prediction of their behaviour under. various farming_methods
and recommen.dqticm of plants best suited for specific area.
1) protecting; 2) becoming; .3) foretelling. .
..
4. Plant pathologists work to control or eliminate dise§:lses caused
by bacteria , fungi and other enemies. ·
1) illnesses; 2).disaster; 3) accidents.
5. Entomologists study insects in order to eliminate or control
insects harmful to plants.

1. The studerits of our group ,._: work · aC construction .sites in 6. Agricultural engineers work at finding more efficient ways to
summer. . . design farm machinery to process different products.
2. The chairman ... to see th~ farmers at 5. 1) same; 2) ~arious; 3) specific.
3. All the girls of our group ... milk c0ws.;
4. I .. . work as a tractor driver next summer. ·1 . Food technologists work to improve the flavour and texture of

112 113
 food Without reducing their nutritional value. hwu~puwumu uwur.tubpn, uu4b11cJ t.. WJL .~2ulJ.lupub11: · ·. ·· ·
1) make less; 2) increase; 3) vary; 5. nLUnLUUWU.pflbt Wj(ulf"\~WlflUbflf1U, n('lOU£1 l!UWUW4Wfl ·bu pnLJUbfl·f1
hwuwp: .. .
8. They work at modern methods of timber. 6. nllflbltiQti UUU~WflWll wnd.bl?u:
1) old; 2) up-to-date; 3) interesting. 7. lllwhw6"nub11:
8. <wgwpml4b11bu:
X From the words in Table 2 find out ahtoflyms to the words in
Table 1. XIII. A'nish the following sentences using the words and expressions
from the text.
Table 1 Table2' ., '

1. Agronomists try to do their best to improve ....

'1°.:Important. Harmless~ ''

2. Skilled. 2. Who ... . for this work? . , .. . ,. .

Ancient.
3, It is very,jmportant to improve the, .. ~ and .... ofJooc! ., ·; ; .
3. Improve. New.
4. You r:nust ~void E;?atipg ... as,you don'tyvant t() p~t Of1.we.1ghti
4 . Various. Worsen.
5. Harmful. Alike. 5. I w8.nt t9 .... you ab9ut the lat~t news 1,'v~ju~t . tJ~a.rq . .

~ Put the :verbs in th~ bracket;,.,, the ·co;,.ect Tens~ torn?.'

6. Modern. 1
.,
Unimportant.
XIV
'·' . ..
, ~ 1. '! ," ' ~. ' .
XI. From the list of terms given below try to find out the one which I _i ' • : , '\ : • I i

1. Thi.s ·problem (tqbeco.m.~) .mqre i,Rd more ne,~es~ary.

corresponds to the given definltlon: .·. . . .·' ·. '
2. I (not to stu.dy) German at school. '·
1. Science of planting and caring for forests is calred: ...
3. They (to inforrn),us abo4t. it just n.ov;,:·::· . . . . . ·"·
2. Science of the f!>hysical life ofanimals and plarifs is called ...
4. They s~id thatthey (to pe r$.sponsit?!.e) for t~is wqr~. . .• . · ·
3. The study of insects is called ...
5. If you (to want) to improve your knowledge in English you sh9ulcl reaq
· 4. Science of study of bacteria is· called ...
much. , ... . ' ,. ·. ..
5. Branch of sCience· that deals with how 'su~stances are made up, ''
how their elements combine, : how ··they ·,act under different
conditions is called . .. .
xv. •· · I!;~. the-
' .
followin~
.:
a~ffiCffves.
.. .
in ~;~~rati~e 0Jr.S11perlative ··
' ~

Degreft:s. ·: .
·6. Branch of biology dealing-with hereaity is balled' .....
1. Now y~u ~ustwork (m~h) than you did last y~ar.
,'·1.;

1) biology; 2) chemistry; 3) bacteriology; 4f entomofogy; 5) gehetics;

6) forestry. ·. ,,. · · 2. It is. (efficient)·way whi~.h is ~nown au over the world.
3. Try.to.drink (little} water. . · . . · . ·. 1 l · .,

4. Their work in t~i~ field is .(important) qne, ...

XII. Find out in the text the English eqUivalents tor the following word
5. (Much).w:e speak, (little) we, do~ ·
combinations and sentences.
, 1..
i\1 1: 1,,' ·r• I

lllwrq t nr:
' . - ' .. . f .• ·• , . ··: ' .... ·~· . '. . : . . :. i .; . . •
1. ' ' ' ·) .
XVI. lns,e rf th(J,neces$ary moda,( verb, (have to or to be) ill, thefollowmg
2. Q.1m11wl.11uuibuw4wu 4mtlllnLf1WJ~ nrn:Ut.m t1iil{wgubtm hwowr:
sentences.
3. <wJlnUp t. np Uf1WU,R ~WUlWUjuWUW'lll~l b(J uwl.t:
4. 4brwgul::it WjU htu~WUJ'lnqa1muub11Q, nptiug ll.1Wlfl6w11(J b(J

114 115
1. I ... to get up early as I live far from the·Academy. To realize measures to be taken for natttre conservation, to fulfill
2. They .. ; to meet at six, but they were held up by transport. the programme on rational use and reproduction of natural resources, co~
3. . .. to do your homework after you had come home yesterday? operation of specialists in different spheres of science and practical
4. They ... to speak English because nobody could understand French. activities is wanted . .
5. I ... to be there at 5. To solve ecological problems sociologists, biologists, economistS;
physicists, biochemists, mathematicians, geologists, · agronomists,
5
foresters, engineers are ca-ordinating their work. That is why some· basic
TextB information on ecology is to be part of professional education of
specialists in -different spheres of science.
Utilization of natural resources

The problem of ration utilization of natural resources is of

greatest importance all over the world 1 ·today.· There are two main 1. all over the world - wlipn112 w2tuw11hmli
aspects of the problem: first - all natural resources· are to be used more 2. on the one hand - li'14n11utig
economically as they are not unlimited, ana·second-"- measures are to be 3. on the other hand - liJmu 4nrtlitig
taken to prevent harmful effect of waste products of .industrial enterprises 4. from ... point of view - WJ'l tnbuw4bl1lj1g
on the environment. · · ·.. ·. . · · 5. thafis why - WJ'l U{Wl1l6Li.mml
Now, in the period of most intensive development of industry, and
agriculture, the programme of nature conservation is of special ·.. · \
importance. : · · · ·.. ··· ·
According to this programme, practical measures on rational and ·t esson 14
economic utilization of natural resources in different spheres of economy
are planned. ' ' ' '• '
One of the means to solve both aspects of the problem is to build
complex enterprises. It means that the production process in the complex
must be organized so that waste products of the enterprise could be The Absolute Participle Construction - UCJ4wtu qbppw1w4wu 4wr2"LJ9
utilized and processed by another. On the one hand2 , it will have great
economic effect, and, on the other hand 3 , will protect air and water from Uu4wtu 11t11pwJw4wu 4w11mJ9[] -' 11w 4wr.mLJg t P11 ublf1w4wu
pollution. . buraw4WJmt: uwtuWllWUnLfdJWU lib2 WJU 4WF10LJ9[J hwu11bu t qWLPU
Though complex enterprises will require .rather big capital nrm.JbU ~w11wqw: r IJ1Wl1Pbl1nLfdJnLU 1.4w11wqw 11bppWJW4WU
investments, it is better both from economic and ecological point of view4 11w11lli.!w6p, WJU 4wr.mLJQOlll Participtce I ' 4wu /t-pu ull,ltun1111nul t
to prevent pollution of the atmosphere than to liquidate Its effect. DLI1lhwum11 hnLnl!mt llllt.lWO qnJw4wu: ~l.tw4wun11bu WJU 4wrmLJQU
For example, it has been shownthat under 'the influence of air wuljwtu t Ciwtuwriwumra1muj1g, uw4w1u lllflwliwpwun11bu 4wtH4w6 t
pollution the yield of wheat decreases by 40-6())%. uriw hbtn li owr:iwJmli t n11ll.lbu U{Wllwqw:
The experiment complet~d, the profe$sor left the lab.(dwuwuwl//7
When we use natural resources we : should be careful not to
destroy the balance of the biosphere in orded6 preserv~ nature not only LJ/W{JWqw) - bf1p t/mµdu wlfwµuu/bg, U/f1nj}bun(IO fJnL(IU bljwlf
for people living now, but also for. those who will live many thousands f wpnf1WllmfJf7WJf7g:
years after.

116 117
 . Uuljwlu 11bripw1w4wu 4Wl1nLJ91J .. 4w11n11.' t llJll.fbL ru~ll.fbU syn. however; yet· - utiCJ! w1ctu, ~tmuu
(Jwti.iw11wum~JWU ht°lUUW4WU uwupg Wl2W~; WJUL4bU· tL uriwupg .hbum Lt 6. move, v - {mu:v] - 2w11dtL, LnOflWt.Pnlubl
Ufl2UJ WU2.WU1qnul. t Ulllnf1WljbU1m!: b,ab WJU 4w12:nLJQQ llf14W6 t movement,· n - 2w11ctmu, Lnb11wt.tintumiaJmu
hpuuw4wu uwupg w12w2. Wll.fW WJU iawriquwul[mu t hwJbflbU l4Wlll:.l,JQW movable, adj· ·. - [' tnu:v~bl] - 2w11ctmow4·
bfl41'lnl"lllW4WCl .UW.~WllWU~lfOJLL!UP u ub.riwql[mu ..hbU1uJWl 4Wl.l.jb('lm.f 7. behind, adv -[b1hamdl - t:itriltmu ·
pwli/1 Pf7, brab, bf7p Ltwtul[w6 uwfuWl'}WUnLJOJWU wupnn2 puwu1,11pg Ii ant in front of - w1221.tmll
u.iwpwqwjp mruitig: . . leave behind'· - ranf\CibL bmlLnur
The difficulties having been overc;ome, they went on making further
experiments. - Of7p r;dtfwf7mra;mlili/;f7lJ hwrzrawhwf7tfwo tflli, lif7wlip
8. lake, n . ,·.
- {le1k} - LtllS
9. rise, v
:
- {raiz] - pwrieiriwuwt ·
2U.:f7mliwqbgf1li linf7 lflnf7dbf7 qwl11Wf7Gf.' (dwtlwliw[//1 U/Wf7wqw) . - 4b[ltiL.Q
rise, n ·
Circumstances pe(mitting, ..we'll start in a week. - brat; - r2ubt
ant. fall · ,. ·
hwliqwtJwlip(lbf7/] fdnLJf WU1f7/;li, tJf;[ip f./u~uf;{ip tlt;q zwpwraflg: - [ku:l] - hmtwuwl
10. cool, v
(U/WJUWUfl U/Wf7WQW) . . .
ant. heat
It being v~ry cold, I had to stay at home. -; PwD/1J7f7 zwll7 gmf7ll7. ff7, - qn4·
cool, adj
bu Ull7/7U/t./WO t/1 ll7WU!J tluwj.' (U/Wlf!lfWll/1 UtW:{Jt.µqw) : - 2nq, Lnnra
ant. hot
11. store, v - [st::i:] . "'ll.fWhburnwl[nribt, 4muiw~bl
trab WJU 4w12mJg(! 1111!.lnul t . uwtuw11wu~LIOJWO hpuow4wu
uwupg hbmn, WJU ubpwo4mu t our; nf7mtl, Ii, fluq 4wu.ibrini.t Lt 4wrin11 t
syn. accumulate
. storage, n · .-·[' st:>:nd3J - Ll.11.Uhbull\Wf'IWU ·· .
hw011bu c+WL n[ll.l.jbU tlu~um('lnLJU uwtuw11wunqajmu: . . - .(s~js] . - WflPJmf'l · ·
Many crops aie grown by this farm, wheat being the most important 12. source, -n '
13. precipitate, v - [pri' s!prtert] - Lnb!'lwr (t11orinul'1t11n··liwunu)
- Pl.J.{qt1wra/1t./ q;mrzwll7uwbuwf,/tµ[J -qn,111,11mµw[Jbµ b[J w6bgtfmtl w;u
precipitation; n -{pnsrpt' terj"n] - uibrtnullubfl .·. ·
jlbf7UWjf1LU, [JU!J n{7mtl wtll;liw[/Wf7linf7il 'gnµb[J[j t:
14. di~tibute ; v ..• {d1s' tt1bju:t] · · -· pwifl.itil · ·
~- [;d1str1'bju:Jnl ;."pw2!UnLu ·, ·
i'

U1u ·. ljwrmLJ91J hwq4·w11bt1.1 t · qnpawal[md tunuw4gw4wu : distribution, n , . ., .' ·

lbqi.tmu, . w1u hpuuw4wunul hwu11nu.imu t qpLnw4wu LL qbflwri- 15. surface, n - ['s~:fisJ ;. uw~opbu
16. inch;· ~-. · · _;''[1ntf] - ·:~· \11ri1j'u •( =2.54 uu) .
t.lbulllwljwu qnwlj.wumfr!JWU ub2: · .
17. Sl.fpport; Y - [s~)~:t) ' - w2U:.l~gbL,UWLnWpbt
.. ·, :! . Vocabulary ,..,v · st.l'ppor( 11 · _('k~;ntitJ] . : t~:t"'~· uWlnwpn.td ·
1a. q1uaritify, r1
1. resource, n· ' -·[ri' s~:s} . · . : nbtJnL('lU, l.l.jW2Wf1 ·. syn. amount
19. rapid , adj - [' rreprd J - wriwqwzwrict
2. vapour,: n · -[' ve1p<1l · · · '- qnthrl2ti
~
·! : ' • ' I ••

· >·syn: stea'rr'I· : ·; .· '· ' ~.

I ;

·
: ··,,

.. ,; syn. quick, fast

an{sfow · · ,· -11wOw~w2w11ct
v .,.. ~ {l'vrepMe1t] . - q'rit(nri2hwuwL; znq~WUWL
·:evaporate,
rapidly~' :ad~' -wrwq ··
evaporation, n " ~ 'qfl(n112flwgmd · " - - [;) 'veiI~bI] - 1. llwLnibltl
3; "happen, v· -fhrep~n] . _.' L4wuiwhbl, Lnbrt qt.nfJbL 20. available, adj
· ·.syn.'take place " ·: ·, ··· · - 2. l.Ltnmwup,
· ·Ujb'Lnplu4u.iU', oqL11wljw11
4. Cfnt~io, v - [k~n'tem] - u.iwpmuw4bL, ub11wr1bl
5. ;:: f ill, adv - [std] - WJUnLWUOUUJJIJht.l
syn. usable
ant. unavailable
118 119
 21. waste, n - [werstJ - 1. wuoqnnn, 61,Ul\Junul,uul\Jnul from the oceans and ~bout 61000 cubic kilometers from land sources.
2. f<!Wl.j1nu, uuwgnrfl-, Water is an unchanging and ever renewing resource but its
w4.btnr11. WUOQV1W4Wfl distribution on the surface of the globe varies greatly - there is either too
waste, v - liufllbL LlWll1ubt little or too much water. Many problems are caused by too much water
22. pollute, v - [p~'lu:t) -Wrt.l11mnbt when we don't want it or too little when we ·do want it .
4
·
· pollution, n - wrt_V1mnmu No natural resources on our planet has so many uses as water.
23. efficient, adj_ - [1'frJ~nt] - t~b4Liltut wrirumuw4_blil We need water to support our lives, to grow our crops, to water our
efficiently, adv 5
- wrmmuw4_blil stock , to power our industries and for many other purposes.
efficiency, n - t:Pb4tnti4.nLf<!JnLCJ, Our water needs are great and they continue to grow. Agriculture
wrirumCJw4.bV1mf<!JnLu requires great quantities of water to provide food and raw materials for
wpLI1w11rnri.w4wCmqa1mu industry. Industry consumes not less water than agriculture. Per capita
use of water is increasing rapidly in the world.
There is plenty of water on the .Earth. But the amount of fresh
Text water available to man is very small. In all societies measures are taken
against waste· of·water and pollution of water. We have to use water more
Water is life efficiently.in. industry, towns and cities, in agriculture and irrigation. All life
depends on water.
- ,·
Water is the natural resource we atl knOw very well. We know its
many forms - rain, snow, ·ice, hail, vapour, <fog. Yet, water is the natural
resource,we.Jeast understand. SbpUlilt'I L4Wf1qwpw£mulub11
H~~ ·does water get in,to the clouds? What happ.ens when it
reaches the Earth? Why·.Js there sometimes too much and other ·times 1 three fourth of the Earth - bf14rwqu11ti bflb~w11n11fln
too little of it? And, most jmportant, is .there . enough water .for all the 2 never-ending ·cycle -bflpbR ltlbp2wgnrt 2f12WU:fl11nLJl11 ,·
plants, and all the anirt)als•. ·.~flcl all the people? · ·. . 3 topography - V1bflWQflnLf<lJnLU
. Water gov.ers ·n~ariy tt:iree fourth of ,the Earth , mos( being sea
1 4 when we dowant it (water) 4irp, libue (prmp) uj1.w (2flP) 4wf1ppu
water. But ~ea water ccmtairis various sal~. including those that are mubup
harmful to most l~rdpla~t~ ~nd animals. Still, it is from the salty seas and 5. to water stock..:- 4bCiriwf.1.p&bflnu qmri tnWL , ,.
oceans that most of our.fresh water comes -.no longer salty and harmful. .... t

·.·• .
Water moves from clouds to land and back to the ocean in a never-
ending cycle2. ,
Exercises
Ocean water evap~rates into atmosphere leaving salt behind,
and moves across the ~arth as water vapour. Water in lakes and rivers I. ·Find .out the· Englfs~, JJquivalenis for the following words and
also evaporates and rises 'nto the air. Having cooled in the air the water
vapor condenses and f~lls ·~o the Earth ~s rain, hail or snow, depending
expressions ln the text
"Water Is life" '
on region, climate seasons and topography3 . This part of the cycle is very 1. Puw4wu obumpuubp:
importal")t because man can use water stored in the atmosphere only 2. ~l.Llt.j1wqwug Dllt: .
when it falls to the land. · · .
3. ~wlfiwqwug zwtn:
Every year about 450000 cubic kilometers of water evaporates 4. IJ)wrmuw4bt LilWflpbfl V1buw4p Wfltip:
120 ·. 121
' ~
 5. npnug l{mwuqw4_n11 bu pmjubpp Li 4tu.qw(Jj1ub11'1 ub6wu.wu-
UnLtaJWU hwuwri:
6. 9.nq10 qntn112wumu t:
7. 4wtu4,w6 L~Libtml:
8. Vb6 211t1 u.iwhwu2:
9. '-lwpljmLn:
//.. Make up the sentences from the following words.
1. Water, a, is, resource . life ..
2. Sea, contains, to, plants, most, water, salts, harmful.
3. The, of, water, is, small, very, quantity, of, available, man, to.
4. Water, from, the, the, of, surface, evaporates, ocean.
Ill. From the text find outall the attributes to the water and translate
the expressions into Armenian Make up sentences ofyour own.
IV. Answer the lo/lowing questions using the definitions given
below.
1. What is air? 2. What is Earth? 3. What is water? 4. What is sea? 5.
What is nature? 6. What is plant? 7. What is vegetable? 8. What is
moisture? 9. What is soil? 10. What is ground? 11. What is land?
1. Salt water which covers most of the Earth's surface is called ....
2. The planet on which we live is called .. ..
3. The system of things of wh.ich we ourselves are a part is called .. .
4 . The mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth is called ... .
5. The common liquid which fills the rivers, lakes, seas and ocea·ns is
called ....
6. Any form of vegetable life is called ~ ...
7. Any kind of plant which is us~d for food is called ... ,
8. Water vapour either in the air or ~9ndensed on a surface is called
9. The earth in which things grow is called .. . .
10. The surface of the Earth is called ... .
11 . The solid part of the Earth's surface contrasted with water and sea
is called ... .
122
~~ Translate thttJ folll:Jwin g · sentences· l:JSlitrg,· t/IMJ:i ~dS· ill!!fli. 1111oti"d:
combinations li"rr:Jm·the·te.rrt
1. 9:n1£lf!' 4wpitrtp1 pt1wi1i4mfa !!bml"ltJ'itl: t:·
2. Uud.f1hff, uwtmt.IQIJ, 4.wp~Mu11n ti. tl1w12mfla.rri:Jlm: 2Pfli · WWf<ltt?trJfr
111buw4Ct.hrt bu.:
3. o·m.tr 2mflQ i.qwpmC1wqnul t w11tr11, r1pfl€i fl'' qfiw.l!J1:td1i.1Jt1.~ tifa' zwu11·
1
pmJubrill hwuwp: ·
4. S.mrio qnlnrizrwumu t oLt41wCtnuti uw4bpbupg li. pwrionwum~
arr
5. IOWf1~ 211~ pWUW40 2Wl.Il i.pngf1 t:
6. Vbue 1.4bl.Ilp t uti2ngubf1 ~b11.Q w11GbOg 211~ u.iOoqnnn
Oql.IlWqnriotlwC! LL Wl1l.Ilnl.IlUWU ~bu :
VI. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the
translation ofAbsolute Participle Construction.
1. While working at the farm in autumn the students helped the
farmers to harvest crops.
2. Fertilizers .being used, soil fertility is improved.
3. Many crops are grown by this farm; wheat being the most
important.
4. Rain falling to the land, soil erodes.
5. A new irrigation system having been built, some water problems
were solved.
6. The ocean stores heat energy most of. which. coming from the
Sun.
VII. Insert prepositions where it's necessary.
1. How can I reach ... this farm?
2. It is a well-known fact that water is necessary ... all plants and
animals.
3. I think you shouldn't work too much as it is harmful ... your health.
4. Every day, I don't know why, he. movesthis table .. . the window ...
the door. · ·
5. He fell .. . the floor and hurt his leg.
123
 Viii l-"'hange the verbs from Active Voice into the Passive Voice.
1. .-Water covers nearly three fourth of the Earth.
2. Man can use water stored in the atmosphere only when it falls.
3. We need water to support our lives.
4. We water vegetables in the evening.
5. I need your support.
6. They store food for winter.
ADDITIONAL LITERATURE
Colleges of Education in Great Britain
-in Great Britain teachers are chiefly trained at colleges of
education. Young people enter college 1 after finishing high school at 18
as a rule. The usual: training course lasts 3 years. Besides there are
university departments of education providing a one-year course for
graduates.
2
The curriculum in colleges of. education3 is supposed · to give
4
thorough tuition and specialized training. The scheme of study work in a
college of education is based upon compulsory and optional subjects5'6 .
Principles -..of Education, English, Physical Education and Health
Education are compulsory subjects. History, Handwork, Mathematics,
Geography, Music are optional. The · key subject is Principles of
Education.
All students of the college of education spend twelve weeks on
teaching practice in demonstration school where they learn the 'use of
differenh .dsual aids and take an active part in discussing criticism lessons
under the guidance of a supervisor on school practice.
Examinations are held at tne · end of each term. Final
examinations are taken atthe end of a oeHtse 6f studies.
124
1. To enter coUege - [!fl!lflLf.t.t(.bt ~ntb'·
2. Curriculum-- muruul:u..uq.w.u L4lWU.~
3. College of education - llwul.jw4wfld:W4wu 9nt:hi '
4. Tuition - ntumgnttl
5. Compulsory·sub,Jects·-"'"" ~Wflll!Wf:ltlfl\ wawpqwitlf11
6. Optional subjects - llwtimtuiwlll'1Ll wnwriljwubr1
Retell the following jokes.
"If the Dean (11b4wli) doesn't take back what he said to me this morning,
I'm going to leave college." "What did he say?" "He told me. to leave
college"
Professor: "You can't sleep in my classes."
Student: "If you didn't talk so loud, l could."
·' '
At a college examination a professor said: "Does the·.question embarrass
(hmqtL) you?" "Not at all, sir, -- answered the student, - it. is· the answer
that bothers you." . , ,- .,
! \ ',
Students of Agriculture ln England
' l,, I
In England there are many colleges that train specialists in
.Agriculture. They train agronomists, veterinarians, economists and
others.
Each agricultural college cooperates with some leading farmers
in student practical training. · · .' ·
The future students usually have twelve montQ$ Qf practical work
on a farm just after finishing school. The importance·. of liUCh practice is
that the students can better understand their lect!Jres on the, agriculturat
processes and operations. It is a diagnostic period during which it
becomes clear that those who like hard farm work will study at the
agricultural college and those who don't want to change their speciality.
125
 In September each year all the young men and girls who want to
study at an agricultural college are asked to come to the college for a
three-day conference. At this conference all aspects of college life are
discussed. After the conference the future students go to work on the
farms during one year.
Farmers who cooperate with the college in· student practical
training are also gathered in the college to discuss all the problems of
student training.
1 particle falls, as snow or hail on a mountain height, it may re·mai1l there
One of the lectures of the college in responsible for maintaining
regular contact with the future students working on the farms. He visits
the farmers and the students when necessary and discussed with them
all the problems arising2 during the period of student practical work on the
farm.
· To become a student of the college one must usually pass the
examination in one of the subjects that has not been studied at school.
To pass the examination the future students have to attend day or
evening classes on that subject.
3 lakes, streams and wells for man's numerous uses..
Working on the farm each future farmer must fill in his diary4.'
The diaries are regularly inspected by the responcible lecturer duri.ng the
whole year of the . practical work .of the students on the farm. These
diaries are again inspected before the students begin to study at ·the
college. .Each day the students are to write down in the diaries what they
do and see on the farm.
To stimulate the students to work hard and get good knowledge
5 Glaciers provl;!d to be the slowest "accumulators of moisture".
. of farm activitities the college prize is awarded annually to that student
who, throughout his pre':"collega training, showed the best knowledge of
farming.
Sbpuliljl tqWf'lqwpwunumbp
1. Maintaining - w2w4gmroJmfJ
2. To arise - w11w2wuwl
3, ·Tb filt in :-- lflWgubt .
4. Diary - opwq~p
5. ·· To award - 2£mphb1
126
Fresh water resources
The Earth's water cycle or hydirotggic cyci:le,, is. tflle,, c:cmtima&e·
circulation of moisture and: water or:r our planet. The: Ume:: q.v,J'i2)zed far a:
water particle to pass through one or m©Fe". pha6es;:o~ the1m~dt!ol:mgjc: t;J$~'
varies from a few hours to months or even centuries.
· Awater partiete·ma.y·. be e'9'ap~rates from·"tme·oceM::alf!ld'. in a short
period fall back as rain or snow on the same water surface. If a· wat.ar
for months until it is melted and joined with other melted particles on the
long journey overland or underground ... If a water particle is evapora.t.ed
from the ocean and carried into the polar.regions, . falling there .as ice...or.
snow, it may remain frozen for centuries before returns to the ocean as
part of an iceberg or as melted of outflow from the glacier.
Rain, hail and snow are various forms, of precipitation.
Precipitation that falls upon·land areas is the source ofall our fresh water
supply. We depend upon it to compensate the quantity that is taken from
Moscow. and Leningrad hy<;1rologists completed · a study of the
word water balance. They .estimated that the. natural water cycle is far
more intensive than had been supposed. Annual: evaporation from the
worth's surface amounts to the colossal figure of over halfa million cubic
kilometers of water, while the atmospheric moisture is renewed every ten
days of the average. River water has a 12-day .replacement cycle.
Their replacement cycle is 8500 years. These figures will make it
possible to achieve a more accurate picture of the world's. fresh water
resources.
Education in Bdtain
In Britain there is no system of education · in the generally
accepted meaning of the world. It has been described as: a national
1
service locally administrated - and this means in practice that what
happens on one side of a countr/ bourtdary may be greatly different from
what happens on the other. The univer~ities are scarcely controlled by
4
the Department of Education3 - they get their government grants
127
through the University Grants Committee. Besides there are over 3000
independent (private) schools in Britain which are only very loosely
affected by State acts and regulations.
Although education in Britain is compulsory the character of
6
education5 a chifd gets very much depends on the social status of his
parents .
Well-to-do parents who send their children to Independent
schools may be sure that they will be properly prepared for external
examinations (which will enable them to enter any particular university).
The children will be taught by graduate teachers in small lasses. They will
have every facility7 for recreation and play. The school bu.ilding will ,be
comfortable and the laboratories well-equipped. Many such schools are
8
several hundred years old. They charge very high fees .
10
The children who attend state or publicly maintained schools
pass the following stages of education: nursery school (2 to 5), primary
school (7 to 1 :1 ), secondary school (11 to 18). Comparatively few children
remain at school tilHhe age of18. Most leave school at sixteen which is
the official school-leaving age~
Lack of. nursery school facilities is a serious problem in Britain
nowadays,~ Less than 25 per cent of all children under five attend some
kind of nursery school.
In ·primary schools the classes are large (over forty, sometimes
up to· fifty), the ' staff overworked, the buildings often old· with outside
lavatories, nO'pfay·grounds. · makes people feel the .cold more. On a frosty morning hoarfrost covers
Depending on the results of the 11 + examination the child is
either allowed to go to the so-called grammar school or is sent to a
modern school.
When we take into consideration the well known fact that children
from low income families are from 6 to 17 months behind in their
development as compared to children from well-to-do homes the class
character of the proceedings becomes painfully obvious.
There is one more kind of state maintained secondary school - ·
The ·Comprahensive school. It is supposed to take all the children of a
given neighborhood irrespectively of their social status; ability or aptitude
and give them an equal chance of getting an education, enabling them to
meet the requirements of the General Certificate of Education
examinations~ But there are as yet compa(atively few such schools.
128
The English climate
England enjoys an insular climate. The summers are neither too
warm nor the winters too cold.
The. English people often talk about weather. "Fine morning, Sir;"
"Looks like rain, doesn't it? Will it clear up do you think?" "I wonder what
the weather will be like? I hope, it'll keep fine."
Spring is the season when Nature returns to life. Tiny, light-green
leaves cover trees and bushes, the grass is soft and green, and the air is
full of the songs of birds. Vegetation grows r.apidly in this season.
It seldom gets too hot in summer as there is generally a cooling
breeze from the south-west, but the temperature may rise to ninety
degrees in the. shade (Fahrenheit of course). Sometimes the sky i.s
suddenly covered with low black cloud.s, and distant thunder indicates the
approach of a thunderstorm. After the rain the air is fresh. The thunder
has cleared the air and people enjoy good weather again.
In autumn the leaves turn yellow and reddish, and fall to the
ground . Then most birds migrate to warmer countries. Autumn is the
season of mists, of windy days, of cold. east winds and of beautiful
sunsets. A short period of warm, sunny weather in October is called an
1
Indian summer . The climate of the south of England is much milder than
2
that of Scotland. In the north the winters are harder; When there are
eight degrees of frost in England it is freezing hard. The damp climate
the count.ry. Icicles hang from the roofs of ho uses. When the ice on the
lakes is thick enough, it is covered with skat~rs. . ·
Though there are rather many days of bad weather in every
season Englishmen spend much time out-of-doors ,arid children like
outdoor sports and games.
1. Indian summer - nu4b wzmu
2. than that of =
than the climate of
129
 r"Jwuwq(1p/1 U7bput.nb{7mu hwuf!,flutnrz 33. to know [nou] led [led] led [led]
wu(/w[Jn[J pWjbf1f1 WllJnLUW(/ 34. to lead [li:d] learnt [la:nt] learnt [la:nt]
35. to learn [la:n] left [left] left CTeft]
Infinitive Past Indefinite Past Participle · 36. to leave [li:vJ let [let] let [let]
1. to arise [a' ra1s] arose [a'rouz] arisen [a'nzan] 37. to let [let] lay [lei] lain [lemJ
2. to awake [a'werk] awoke [a'wouk] awoken [a 'wouk:m] 38. to lie [la1] lost [bst] lost [bst]
3. to be [bi:] was, were [w::>z, weal been [bi:n] 39. to lose [lu:z] might [mart] -
4. to bear [bc:aJ bore [b::>:] born [b::>:n] 40. may [mer] made [me1d] made [me1d]
5. to become became [b1'kerm] become [br'kAm] 41. to make [me1k] meant [ment) meant [ment]
(bt'kAm] began [bi' gren] begun [bi' gAn] 42. to mean [mi:n] met [met] met [met]
6. to begin [br' gm] bound [b~und] bound [baund] 43. to meet [mi:t] put [put] put [put]
7. to bind (bamd] broke [broukJ broken ['broukan] 44. to put [put] read [red) read [red]
8. to break [brerkJ bred [bred] bred [bred] 45. to read [ri:d] rang [rreIJ] rung [rAI)]
9. to breed [bri:d] ' brought (br:J:t] brought [br:;:t] 46. to ring [nI)] rose [rouz] risen [' nzan]
10. to bring [brll)] built [brlt] built [biltJ 47. to rise [rarz] ran [ram] run [rAn]
11 . to build [bdd] could [kud] - 48 . to run [rt..n] sawed [s:J:d] sawn [s:J:n]
12. can [kren] caught [b:t] caught [b:t] 49. to saw [s:J:] said [sed] said [sed]
13. to catch (kretD cost [bst] cost [bstJ 50. to say [se1J saw [s::i:] seen [si:n]
14. to cost [k,st] cut fkAt] cut [kAt] 51. to see [si:] sent [sent] ·. sent [sent]
15. to cut[kAt] · deal([deltJ dealt [delt] 52. to send [send] set [set] set [set]
16. to deal [di:l] did [did] 1
done [dAnJ 53. to set [set) showed Uoud] shown Uoun]
1
17. to do [du:} drank ,[drreI)k] drunk [drAIJk] 54. to show ffou) sank [sreIJk] sunk [sAIJkJ
18. to drin~ [dmJk] drove [drouv] driven[' dnv;m] 55. to sink [sIIJk] sat [sret] sat [sret]
19. to drive [d.rarv] ate [ret] eaten ['i:tan] 56. to sit [srt] sowed [soud] sown [soun]
20. to eat [i:t] fell [fel] fallen [' b:l~n] 57. to sow [sou] spoke [spouk] spoken [' spoukan)
21. to fall [fo:l] fed [fed] fed [fed] 58. to speak [spi:k] spread [spred] spread [spred]
22. to feed [fi:dJ found [faund] found [faund] 59. to spread [spred] stood [stu:d] stood [stu:d]
23. to find [famd] froze [frouz] frozen ['frouwn] 60. to stand [strend] took [tuk] taken ['terkan]
24. to freeze [fri:z] got [g::it] got [g::it] 61 . to.take [terk:] told [tould) told [~ould]
25. to get [get] gave [gerv] given [' grvan] 62. to tell [tel] thought [S::>:tJ thought [S::i:t]
26. to give [g1v] · went [went] gone [g::in] 63. to think [9IIJk] wore [w::i:) worn [w:>:n]
27. to go [gouJ grew [gru:] grown [groun] 64. to wear [wca] wrote [rout] written [' ntan]
28. to grow [grouJ had [hred] had [hred] 65. to write [rart]
29. to have [hrev] heard [h~:dJ heard [ha:d]
30. to hear [h1a} held [held] held [held]
31. to hold [hould] kept [kept) kept [keptJ
32. to keep [ki:p] knew [nju:] known [noun)

130 131