Natural science

(Key words: scientific method, Popper's principle of falsification, scientific revolution

and paradigm shift)

Is language necessary for the construction of knowledge in the natural sciences?

Do scientists have ethical responsibilities?

How certain is scientific knowledge?

If all scientific experiments have 'uncertainty' how can we know 'truth' in science?

How certain is the theory of evolution?

How is knowledge in literature similar to knowledge in natural science?

To what extent does knowledge in science change?

Is previous knowledge more important than creativity in science?

How do we know when scientific conclusions are justified?

Does science allow for intuition?

Human science

(Key words: determinism, free will, Hawthorne effect, nature vs. nurture)

Is it true to say that the human sciences are less certain than the natural sciences?

What determines whether a theory in the human sciences is convincing?

How reliable are statistics in economics and business decisions?

To what extent should business decisions be based on ethical considerations?

Which is more important in advertising: reason, emotion, language or perception?

How true are economic models?

The law of supply and demand relies on the assumption of 'ceteris paribus'. Top what
extent does this exist in real life?

Can one model ever represent an entire economy accurately?

How reliable are geographic models?

What are the limits of statistics in the human sciences?

Science:
Our knowledge of the natural world and the process through which that knowledge is
built. The process of science relies on the testing of ideas with evidence gathered from
the natural world. Science as a whole cannot be precisely defined but can be broadly
described by a set of key characteristics.

Natural world:

All the components of the physical universe — atoms, plants, ecosystems, people,
societies, galaxies, etc., as well as the natural forces at work on those things. Elements
of the natural world (as opposed to the supernatural) can be investigated by science.

Evidence:

Test results and/or observations that may either help support or help refute a scientific
idea. In general, raw data are considered evidence only once they have been
interpreted in a way that reflects on the accuracy of a scientific idea.

Test:

In science, an observation or experiment that could provide evidence regarding the

accuracy of a scientific idea. Testing involves figuring out what one would expect to
observe if an idea were correct and comparing that expectation to what one actually
observes

LINKS:

BIG DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND

HISTORY
https://historynewsnetwork.org/blog/154160

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2504797

Museum virtual tour

https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/vt3/NMNH/z_tour-022.html
 The Nature of Scientific
Knowledge
https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/The-Nature-of-Scientific-
Knowledge/185/reading

https://toktopics.com/natural-sciences-materials-handouts-activities/

https://www.tokresource.org/3-the-natural-sciences

MY PAID RESOURCES

https://www.ibmastery.com/products/ib-theory-of-knowledge/categories/2148204097/
posts/2150078813

https://www.ibmastery.com/products/ib-theory-of-knowledge/categories/2148204097/
posts/2150078742

Natural Science TOK

https://www.tok2022.net/natural-sciences.html

https://prezi.com/am2deew5hpbw/natural-sciences-in-tok/