M͘ &denir.

͘ R2 ͘ ͕ %LUPHUFH
QLU
HNVHQH
ŶŝŶĕĂŬŦƔŦŬŽůŵĂŵĂƐŦŐĞƌĞŬŝƌ
L1⁄2L\RO
NWH
£ODUG¿U
ŦŶŵĞƌĐĞŬŽůĂďŝůŵĞƐŝŝĕŝŶ
UH\DN¿QVDNPHUFHNGHGHQLU
HQDUO¿
LJĂŬŦŶƐĂŬŵĞƌĐĞŬĚĞĚĞŶŝƌ
WDP¿QPHUFHNRODELOPHVLL£LQ
ULOHQ
HUFHNGHQLU
GHNL
ĚĞŶĞŶĂnjďŝƌŝŬƺƌĞƐĞůŽůŵĂůŦĚŦƌ
HO
R2HNVHQ
$VDO
R2 ,h M xM2 ͘ QQm
͘ YH02
ŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌĞŦƌĂŬƐĂŬŵĞƌĐĞŬĚĞĚĞŶŝƌ
ŵĞƌŬĞnjKŝůĞŐƂƐƚĞƌŝůŝƌ ͘ ŵĞƌŬĞnjůĞƌŝŶŝŶďŝƌůĞƔƚŝƌŝůŵĞƐŝLJ
ŽůŵĂŬƺnjĞƌĞŝŬŝƚĂŶĞŽĚĂŒŦďƵůƵŶƵƌ
M2ŽůŵĂŬƺnjĞƌĞŝŬŝƚĂŶĞŽĚĂŒŦďƵůƵŶƵƌ
ŵĞƌŬĞnjKŝůĞŐƂƐƚĞƌŝůŝƌ
ŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌĞŦƌĂŬƐĂŬŵĞƌĐĞŬĚĞĚĞŶŝƌ
KDQJLVLQHED1⁄2O¿GH1⁄2LOGLU?
DÅD1⁄2¿GDNLQLFHOLNOHUGHQ
\DU¿£DSODU¿
$0HUFH1⁄2LQN¿U¿F¿O¿NLQGLVL
&,Å¿1⁄2¿QUHQJL
%XQDJ2UH;X]DNO¿1⁄2¿
'%
(KPHVDIHVL
\2UWDP¿QN¿U¿F¿O¿NLQGLVL ͘ Q ͘ Qm HNVHQ ͘ ͘ ÖRNEK
͘ ÖRNEK ͘ )GHQLU ͘ Ƶ
ŒŦƚĂŶĞŶĂnjďŝƌLJƺnjƺŬƺƌĞƐĞůŝŬŝLJƺnjĞLJĂƌĂƐ
ODU¿RUWDN¿VP¿QDJ2UHGDKDLQFHRODQPHUF
ĞƐĞůLJƺnjĞLJŝďƵůƵŶĂŶƐĂLJĚĂŵLJƺnjĞLJůĞƌŝŶ
Ğ
NHQDUO¿PHUFHNOHU
Ýí7í0('(67(.
ůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶĞŶĂnjďŝƌŝŬƺƌĞƐĞůŽůŵĂůŦĚŦƌ
NOHUJHQHOOLNOHFDPGDQ\DGDVD\GDPSODV
ÅW¿UDFDNÅHNLOGH\2QOHQGLULU%XQHGHQO
ůĞƌ
Q¿I
DGDQWHOHVNREDNDGDUSHN£RNRSWLNVLVW
QN¿U¿OPDV¿VRQXFXQGD¿Å¿N¿Å¿QODU¿Q¿ELU
ĚĂŶŐĞĕĞŶĞŬƐĞŶĞLJĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌĂĐĂŬƔĞŬŝůĚĞL
LOHN
LJƺnjĞLJŝŶLJĂĚĂďŝƌĚƺnjůĞŵŝůĞŬƺƌĞƐĞůďŝƌ
in
ĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌƺnjĞƌŝŶĞŐĞůĞŶďƺƚƺŶŦƔŦŶůĂ
XUDELOPHVLL£LQH1⁄2ULOLNPHUNH]OHULQLQ£
\DELOHQ\DGDELUQRNWDGDQVD£
ŦŶĂŐƂƌĞ
NOHULQ*HQHO]HOOLNOHUL:
NOHU\
UHVHO\
̧N
ŬƵůůĂŶŦůĂŶ
Genel \DVDOHNVHQLGHQLU
RUWDN¿VP¿QDJ2UH
ROXÅDQX£N¿V¿PODU¿
GROGXUXOPDV¿\OD
VD\GDPPDGGHLOH
NDODQRUWDP¿Q
R2
PHUNH]OHULGHQLU0
PHUFHNOHULQH1⁄2ULOLN
JHRPHWULNPHUNH]OHULQH
M2
N
PHUNH]OHULGLU0
0HUFH1⁄2LQH1⁄2ULOLN
M PHUNH]
RODQN
R
Optik
LJƺnjĞLJůĞƌŝŶŝŶƔĞŬůŝŶĞŐƂƌĞŝŶĐĞǀĞŬĂů
Özellikleri:
Lise .HVLÅPH\HQN
(1⁄2ULOLN\DU¿£DSODU¿5
LOHJ2VWHULOHQQRNWDODU
̧ UHVHO\
M
RŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌĞŦƌĂŬƐĂŬŵĞƌĐĞŬĚĞĚĞŶŝƌ
ŽƌƚĂŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶĚĂŶŐĞĕĞŶĞŬƐĞŶĚĞŶ
<ĂůŦŶŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌƺnjĞƌŝŶ
<ĞƐŝƔŵĞLJĞŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůLJƺnjĞLJůĞ
ŒƌŝůŝŬLJĂƌŦĕĂƉůĂƌŦZ1
merkezleri
ŵĞƌŬĞnjůĞƌŝŶŝŶďŝƌůĞƔƚŝƌŝůŵĞƐŝ
dĞŬƌĞŶŬůŝŦƔŦŬŦƔŦŶůĂƌŦ
DĞƌĐĞŒŝŶƚĂŵŽƌƚĂŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶĚĂǀĞĂ
ĞŬƐĞŶŝŶĞƉĂƌĂůĞůŐĞůĚŝŒŝŶĚĞ
ŵĞƌŬĞnjĞƵnjĂŬůŦŒŦŶĂŵĞƌĐĞŒ
0D\îV6DOîs9
dĞŬƌĞŶŬůŝŦƔŦŬŦƔŦŶůĂƌŦ
DĞƌĐĞŒŝŶƚĂŵŽƌƚĂŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶĚĂǀĞ
ĞŬƐĞŶŝŶĞƉĂƌĂůĞůŐĞůĚŝŒŝŶĚ
ŵĞƌŬĞnjĞƵnjĂŬůŦŒŦŶĂŵĞƌĐĞŒ
ƂƌĞyƵnjĂŬůŦŒŦĂƔĂŒŦĚĂŬŝŶŝĐĞůŝŬůĞƌĚĞŶŚ
¿Q¿I ͕ ŽƌƚĂŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶĚĂŶŐĞĕĞŶĞŬƐĞŶĚ
<ĂůŦŶŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌƺnjĞ
<ĞƐŝƔŵĞLJĞŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůLJƺnjĞLJ
ŒƌŝůŝŬLJĂƌŦĕĂƉůĂƌŦZ1
merkezleri ŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌĞŦƌĂŬƐĂŬŵĞƌĐĞŬĚĞĚĞ
ŵĞƌŬĞnjůĞƌŝŶŝŶďŝƌůĞƔƚŝƌŝůŵĞ
GDKDNDO¿QRODQPHUFHNOH
QHGHQOHNDO¿QNHQDUO¿PH
JH£HQHNVHQGHQX]DNODÅW¿
PHUNH]OHULQLQELUOHÅWLUL
QRNWD\DRSWLNPHUNH]GHQL YH
M2
YH
HNVHQ
.DO¿QNHQDUO¿PHUFHNOHU$VDO
R2
0HUFH1⁄2LQWDPRUWDQRNWDM2 PHUNH]
ŽƌƚĂŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶĚĂŶŐĞĕĞŶĞŬƐĞ
<ĂůŦŶŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌƺ
<ĞƐŝƔŵĞLJĞŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůLJƺn
ŒƌŝůŝŬLJĂƌŦĕĂƉůĂƌŦZ1
merkezleri
ŵĞƌŬĞnjůĞƌŝŶŝŶďŝƌůĞƔƚŝƌŝ
ƵĕŬŦƐŦŵůĂƌŦŽƌƚĂŬŦƐŵŦŶĂŐƂƌĞĚĂ
ƚŽƉůĂŶŦƌ
ƚŽƉůĂŶŦƌ M
ƵĕŬŦƐŦŵůĂƌŦŽƌƚĂŬŦƐŵŦŶĂŐƂƌĞŽƌƚĂŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶĚĂŶŐĞĕĞŶĞ
<ĂůŦŶŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŬů
<ĞƐŝƔŵĞLJĞŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůL
ŒƌŝůŝŬLJĂƌŦĕĂƉůĂƌŦZ1
merkezleri
M2denir.
ƵĕŬŦƐŦŵůĂƌŦŽƌƚĂŬŦƐŵŦŶĂŐ
ƵĕŬŦƐŦŵůĂƌŦŽƌƚĂŬŦƐŵŦ Optik
M1denir.
veM1denir.
M2
ve
M1 $VDO
7ŶĐĞ<ĞŶĂƌůŦDĞ
7ŶĐĞ<ĞŶĂƌů
ŝƌŵĞƌĐĞŒÖRNEK
WDQHROPD
indisine,
ŝŒĞƌĚĞŒ
M2
ve 1.ŵĞƌŬĞnjKŝ
ŽůŵĂŬƺnjĞƌ
N¿U¿OPDLQ
HNVHQ
JH£WLNWH
JHOGL1⁄2LQ
DVDOHNVH
LQFHNHQD
PHUNH]HX]D
QRNWDV¿(F
PHUFH1⁄2LQ
QRNWD\DLQ
QRNWDGDW
KHULNLWDU
VRQUDDVDO
¿Å¿QODUPH
HNVHQLQH
QRNWDV¿
NHQDUO¿P
JLELN¿U¿O¿
ELUQRNWD
X]DNO¿1⁄2¿P
DUDV¿QGD
2GDNODRSW
2SWLNPHUN
2GDNQRNW
IGHQLU%LU
ŬŦƌŦůŵĂ
ŝƌŵĞƌĐĞ
indisine,
ŝŒĞƌĚĞ
1.
\dĞŬƌĞŶ
DĞƌĐĞ
ĞŬƐĞŶŝ
ŵĞƌŬĞ
ŐĞůĞŶ
<ŦƌŦůŵĂ
PDGGH
ƵnjĂŬůŦŒŦŬƺĕƺ
͕ 1.ƵnjĂŬůŦŒŦŬ
ƚŽƉůĂŶŦ
ƵŶŽŬƚĂL
OGM 7HNUHQNO
.M2
'L1⁄2HUG
ŬŦƌŦůŵ
͗
û1&(.(1$
͗
7ŶĐĞ
ŝƌŵŵĞƌ
Žůŵ
indis
ŝŒĞDĞ
ĞŬ
dĞ
ŵĞ
ŐĞ
<Ŧƌ
ƵnjĂŬ
ƵŶŽŬ
ƚŽƉ͕ ŵ
Ž
ƚDŽ
Ğ
d
ŵ
<Őŵ
Q¿Q
Ğ<ŦƌŦůŵĂ
GHQHQD]ELULN ̧]H\OHUDUDV¿QGD
H\OHULQ
̧U̧UHVHO\
HVHO(9$3( MATERYAL
SORULAR:
ƔŦŶůĂƌ SORULAR:
SORULAR:
̧]\HUHLNLWD
ƔŦŶůĂƌ HULQGHNL
̧ N (/,Ä,1/$ ƔŦŶůĂ
QN¿UDUDNPHUFH1⁄2LQRUWDQRNWDV¿QGDQJH
NL\HD\U¿O¿U6D\GDPLNLN
ŦƌŦůŵĂƐŦƐŽŶƵĐƵŶĚĂŦƔŦŬŦƔŦŶůĂƌŦŶŦďŝƌŶŽŬƚĂĚ
ŝŶŬĞƐŝƔŵĞƐŝƐŽŶƵĐƵŶĚĂŽůƵƔĂŶƵĕŬŦƐŦŵůĂƌŦ
ŽƉƚĂŶŐƂnjůƺŒĞ
ĞŽůĂŶŵĞƌĐĞŬůĞƌĞŝŶĐĞŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŬĚĞŶ
ůĞƌ
PXÅJLELGD1⁄2¿WDQHQ
KLERDE
ĞŝŶĐĞŬĞŶĂƌůŦ
ULQLQÅHNOLQHJ2UHLQFHYHNDO¿QNHQDUO¿
ŬƐĞŶĞƉĂƌĂůĞůŐƂŶĚĞƌŝůĞŶ/
ďŝůŵĞƐŝŝĕŝŶĞŒƌŝůŝŬ
OXQDQVD\GDP\
HJHOHQE
VNRSWDQJ2]O
LNL\
ELU\
OPDO¿G¿U ͕ ŐĞŶĞůůŝŬůĞ ̧W ve
ŝůĞŐƂƐƚĞƌŝůĞŶŶŽŬƚĂůĂƌŬƺƌĞƐĞů
optik
ŝƌŵĞƌĐĞŒŝŶŚĞƌŝŬŝƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂďŝƌ
optik
ŝƌŵĞƌĐĞŒŝŶŚĞƌŝŬŝƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂď
R2
ve
ŝůĞŐƂƐƚĞƌŝůĞŶŶŽŬƚĂůĂƌŬƺƌĞƐ
͕ ŬĂŵĞƌĂĚĂŶƚĞůĞƐŬŽďĂŬĂĚĂƌƉ
̧]̧]H\GHQN¿UDUDNPHUFH1⁄2HGL
merkez
̧]R2HULQHJHOHQ¿Å¿1⁄2¿KHULNL
HULQGHNL
ve
ŝůĞŐƂƐƚĞƌŝůĞŶŶŽŬƚĂůĂƌŬƺƌ
merkez
R2M1
ƵnjĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌĂĐĂŬƔĞŬŝůĚĞLJƂŶůĞŶ
ƵŶŽŬƚĂLJĂŝŶĐĞŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŒ
ƵŶŽŬƚĂLJĂŝŶĐĞŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŒ ve
ƵnjĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌĂĐĂŬƔĞŬŝůĚĞLJƂŶů denir.
R2
vedenir.
ƵnjĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌĂĐĂŬƔĞŬŝůĚĞLJ
H\OHULQ ƵnjĂŬůĂƔƚŦƌĂĐĂŬƔĞŬŝů M2Optik Optik DĞƌĐĞŒŝ
DĞƌĐĞŬLJ
ŬŦƌŦůŵĂŝŶ
DĞƌĐĞŒ
DĞƌĐĞŬ
ŬŦƌŦůŵĂ
optik
ŝƌŵĞƌĐ
̧]£H\OHU
ƐĂůĞŬƐĞ
ƐĂůĞŬƐ
ƵŶŽŬƚĂL
ƐĂůĞŬƐĞ
ORTAP)Zd7D'E> ¿U¿OPD
̧ O ŬŦƌDĞƌ
̧ Uŝƌŵ
opt
me
ƵŶŽ o
ŝƵ
8/7$19(260$1/,0(5.
QODU¿KHULNL
AULQPHUFHN
HVLÅPHVLVRQXFXQGDROXÅDQX£
V¿QGDNDODQVD\GDPRUWDPODUD
JĂ
ŶŦŶŝŶĐĞŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŬƚĞŝnjůĞĚŝŒŝLJŽůƔĞ
ĚĂ ƐĂLJĚĂŵ ŽůĂŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůLJƺnjĞLJůĞƌŝŶŐĞŽŵ
M1KĚĂŬŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶŦŶŽƉƚŝŬ
KĚĂŬŶŽŬƚĂƐŦŶŦŶŽƉƚŝŬ
ve
ŽůĂŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůLJƺnjĞLJůĞƌŝŶŐĞ
M1 M2 ve
ŽůĂŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůLJƺnjĞLJůĞƌŝŶ
M1 M2
ve ŽůĂŶŬƺƌĞƐĞůLJƺnjĞLJů
ŝůĞŐƂƐƚĞƌŝůĞŶŶŽŬƚĂůĂ
M2 KƌƚĂŵŦŶŬŦ
/ƔŦŒŦŶƌen
ŦƔŦŶŦŶŦŶ
KƌƚĂŵŦŶ
/ƔŦŒŦŶƌ
KĚĂŬŶŽ
ŦƔŦŶŦŶŦŶ
ŦƔŦŶŦŶŦ ̧\ ̧ NNDO KƌƚĂ
/ƔŦŒ
den
KĚĂ d
K
$7, LJĂƉŦůĂŶ
0$1/,
DGDELU
ĞŶ %û581'$.û
ŽƉƚŝŬ M1 ve+DVRGDEDÅ¿ M2 (1'(581Ü'$.û ďĂŒůŦĚŦƌ
ďĂŒůŦĚ
ƵŶĂŐƂƌĞyƵn
ƵŶĂŐƂƌĞyƵnj
ƵŶĂŐƂƌĞyƵ ďĂŒ
0
HYOHWLÜQGHELOLQHQ
HDFHJQ
2UKDQ*D]L%XUVDÜGD ̧ QHFFLPEDÅ¿ <ŦƌŦůŵĂŝŶĚŝƐŝŽƌƚĂŵŦŶŬŦƌŦůŵĂŝŶĚ
<ŦƌŦůŵĂŝŶĚŝƐŝŽƌƚĂŵŦŶŬŦƌŦůŵĂŝ
*5(9/û/(5 *5(9/û/(5
+HNLPEDÅ¿
3DGLÅDK ŐĞůĞŶŦƔŦŶůĂƌ
W¿U,0XUDG'HYULÜQGH ŐĞůĞŶŦƔŦŶůĂƌ 6LODKGDUD1⁄2D
͕ ŵĞƌĐĞŒŝŐĞĕƚŝŬƚ
͕ ŵĞƌĐĞŒŝŐĞĕƚŝ
HDV2GDÜQ¿QDPLULGLU
NLÅLGLU
UD\ KRFDODU¿ ƵŶŽŬƚĂLJĂŬĂůŦŶŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞŒ
ƵŶŽŬƚĂLJĂŬĂůŦŶŬĞŶĂƌůŦŵĞƌĐĞ
GHOHFHNOHLOJLOLWDKPLQOHUGHEXO <
RQUDGDEXJ
SDUD\GDEXOXQDQKHNLPOHULQEDÅ¿G¿U XKDGDUD1⁄2D
3DGLÅDK¿QVLODKOVRUXPOXNLÅLGLU
OÜXQ)HW ÄHKUHPLQL
HVL\DN¿QODU¿QGD(VNL
DNELOLQHQVDUD\LQÅD 6DUD\
YHEDN¿PLÅOHULQHEDNDQNLÅLGLU
5LNDEGDU
̧NVHNLOLPU
(PLQOHU
LU&LKDQKNLPL\HWLQLQ
ERO DDUSKDQHHPLQL 3DGLÅDK¿Q£L]PHYH
WDPLUDWYHEDN¿PLÅO
UD\¿\ ¿QLKWL\D£ODU¿QDNDPXELQDODU¿Q¿QW
0DWEDK¿
DPLUHHPLQL
T
6DUD\
3DGLÅDK¿QVDU¿NODU
OHQ W
̧
)DWLK6XOWDQ0HKPHG EHVL\OHKL]PHWHGHQKRFDODUG¿U
DQEXJ PDUDEDV¿P¿QGDQVRUXPOXRODQNLÅLG
D1⁄2DV¿
̧OEHQW
PXKDID]DHGHQNLÅLGL
EPLULOHP
PHYNLGH\DSW¿U¿OP¿ÅW¿U .DS¿D1⁄2DV¿ SDGLÅDK¿QPXWODNYH
UD\ 6DUD\
.DS¿F¿ODU
NHWK
QX EUEDE¿¿+L]PHW
HELUOLNWHLNDPHWHWPLÅYH ̧ GDV¿ SDUD\ 6DUD\ ¿QLKWL\D£ODU¿QD+$5(0'(.û
SDOWDQDUVDQFDNODU¿QGDQVRUXPOX
ÇDÅQLJLUEDÅ¿
XUDGDQ\2QHWPLÅWLU$\
LÅDK
¿QPXWIDNLÅOHULQGHQVRUXPOXRODQN
GHYOHWNDGHPHVLQGH
¿QNDS¿ODU¿Q¿EHNOH\HQJ2UHYOLOHUL
%RVWDQF¿ 6DUD\
6DUD\D1⁄2DV¿ *5(9/û/(5SDUD\
VRUXPOX\GX
FDNGHYOHWDGDPODU¿Q¿Q
LOGL1⁄2LHQ2QHPOLH1⁄2LWLP NLÅLOHUGLU
SRIUDKL]PHWOHULQLJ2UHQOHULQEDÅ¿G
EKOL+LUHI
¿QJHQHOVRUXPOX
¿QWHPL]OLNYHG
6DUD\
NHWK LGDUHHGHU
6DUD\NDS¿V¿Q¿EHNOH
U;,;\
¿QEDK£HVLERVWDQ¿YHVDKLOOHULQGH
QPHUNH]LNRQXPXQGD
DYXÅEDÅ¿
6DUD\VDQDWNUODU¿G¿U
DS¿6DUD\¿2VPDQO¿ YHP 'LYQ¿+ ̧]HQLQGHQ
+D]LQHGDU +DUHP+
̧GDV¿ LOJLOHQLUGL
D1⁄2D
QLQ\2QHWLPVLVWHPLQH ̧PD\XQÜXQPDVUDIODU¿
OHQGLULOPLÅWLU ̧EDÅLUOLN\DSDQJ2UHYOLOHULQEDÅ¿G¿U
DUD\GHQLOHQBi P
̧
D\GHQLOHQ(QGHUXQYH
\XQWRSODQW¿ODU¿QGDWHÅULIDWKL]
'û91,+0<81<(/(5û SORULAR
SL\DVLYHDVNHULNRQXODUGDJHQLÅ\HWNLOHUH
9H]LUL]DP VDKLSWL3DGLÅDK¿QPXWODNYHNLOL\GLYH
V¿%DE¿+ SDGLÅDK¿QP
ÅH\K ;9,\ ̧ ]\
9H]LUOHU
DQDJHOPLÅWLU$QD ̧KU ̧ Q 6D\
LÅOHULQGHQYH]UL]DPD\DUG¿PF¿ROXUGX KXNXNXQDX\JXQROX
ELOGLULUGL¿OGD'LYQ¿+
E2O
SDGLÅDK¿Q $QDGROXYH5XPHOLND]DVNHUOHUL2VPDQO¿
DP¿ÅW¿U W
̧ DÅ¿UG¿ O
̧ ÄH\K LVODPGLYDQGDDO
DÅD1⁄2¿GDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLG
̧Å$+XWEH
¿QGDJH ¿ODU¿G2QHPG2QHPGH1⁄2LÅHQYH]LUOHUG
.D]DVNHUOHU \DUJ¿YHH1⁄2LWLPWHÅNLODW¿LOHWDÅUDLGDUHVLQGHQ
VRUXPOX\GX ̧PLVODPWDUDI¿QGD
\XQÜDGKLORODQ
% %HUDDW ÄHIDDW
ODQW¿ODU¿7RSNDS¿ '̧O )HWYD ( 9DD] &HYDS'
'HIWHUODU
D2VPDQO¿'HYOHWLÜQLQ PDOL\HVLQGHQVRUXPOX\GX &
HDOW¿GHQLOHQVDORQ
G¿'LYQ¿+ 1LÅDQF¿
L1⁄2LQLRUWD\D
3DGLÅDK¿QWX1⁄2UDV¿Q¿£HNHUW¿UPDUYH
$QDGROXYH5XPHOLGHIWHUGDUODU¿2VP
]HDPHWOHULQND\ ̧Å2VPDQO¿'HYOHWLÜ
DKNHPHVL%DNDQODU
\D]
¿WODU¿Q¿WXWDUGHYOHWLQL£YHG¿Å LWLEDUHQGHYOHWL
RODQNXUXPDÅD1⁄2¿GDNLOHUGH
<HQL£HULD1⁄2DV¿
LNXUXPODU¿QJ2UHYLQL ¿ÅPDODU¿Q¿\DSDUG¿
DVNHULQEDÅ¿RODUDNWRSODQW¿ODUDNDW¿O¿UG¿ $'HIWHUKDQH (QGHUXQ
WLUHQ2QHPOLELUNXUXOGX
.DSWDQ¿GHU\D Å
̧ &'LYDQ¿+
%
'DU
O¿QDQNDUDUODU2VPDQO¿
6DGHFHYH]LUU
J2UHNDQXQVD\ RODUDN'LYDQÜDNDW¿OP¿ÅW¿U ( %LUXQ
̧PD\·Q ' &HYDS&
̧ÜVVDDGH
̧OPHVLQGHQVRUXPO