ASSIGNMENT 1

PBIS4114/STRUCTURE I
Name: Aswan
Student Number: 044190423

I. Identify the Parts of Speech of the word(s) in bold! Number 1 is done as an example!

1. Remember to drive safely. Adverb

2. Don't talk like that. Verb

3. Sally and Tom are coming back soon. Noun

4. This is a pretty vase. Adjective

5. Let's do it. Pronoun

6. The cat is on the table. Preposition

7. Oh, I didn't know that. Interjection

8. Do you want to go out or stay home? preposition

9. New York is a big city. Noun

10. I want the blue ball. Adjective

11. We finished it yesterday. Adverb of time

12. What am I going to do without you? pronoun

13. He will come. Auxiliary verb

14. Wow, those are great news! Interjection

15. They went into the hall. preposition

16. We have pens, pencil, notebooks and markers. Conjunction

II. Identify the Kinds of Phrases from each phrase in the paragraph!

An excerpt from Barbara Willard's The Sprig of Broom:

"It was mid-October, the harvest (1) well stored. The sun was as hot as if it shone (2) in the first week of
September, but (3) a tumbling sky threw great clouds before the wind, and when the sun was obscured then all
the promise of winter was in the air. But it was magic weather, a gift to sweeten the sadness of (4) the ending
year. There were still blackberries, thick and dripping with juice, but these would remain (5) on the bushes, for
by now, as it was said, the Devil had spat on them and they should not be eaten. So birds gorged themselves, and
the ground and the leaves of the brambles were strewn with purple droppings. The water, half shadow and half
glitter, threw back the colours of beech and bracken tossing them over the boulders like gold and copper coins."

Answer:

1. Verb phrase
2. Noun phrase
3. Noun phrase
4. Adverb phrase
5. Noun phrase
III. Identify modal in texts below and explain its fuction.

1. Use compact fluorescent light bulbs:

It is true that these bulbs are more expensive, but they last much longer and they can save energy and in the long run
your electricity bill would be reduced.

Answer:

The sentence uses “can” which is the ability modal because it explains the ability of the bulbs to save energy.

2. Donate:

You have tons of clothes or things you want to get rid of. If they are still usable, give them to someone who needs
them. You may also choose to give them to associations. These associations may sell them and collect a little money .
Not only will you protect the environment, but you will also contribute to a good cause.

Answer:

 The first text uses “may” which is the suggestion modal because the subject suggests the person give his/her
usable clothes to associations.
 The second text uses the probability modal because it explains the possibility that the associations may sell
the clothes.
 The third text uses “will” which is the beliefs modal because the subject expresses beliefs about the present
or future.

3. Walk or cycle:

Driving is one of the biggest causes of pollution. If you want to use your car, ask yourself the following question: do I
really need my car? Should I Walk or use my bike if the journey is a short one?

Answer:

The sentence uses “need” which is an obligation modal because

4. Leaky faucets:

Watch leaky faucets, which can cause a significant increase in the water bill. An average of 120 liters of water can be
wasted due to a dripping faucet.

Answer:

 The first sentence uses “can” which is the ability modal because it explains that leaky faucets could cause a
significant increase in the water bill.
 The second sentence uses “can” which is the ability modal. it explains that An average of 120 liters of water
can be wasted due to a dripping faucet.

5. Rainwater:

Think of recovering rainwater. This water can be used for different purposes.

Answer:

The sentence uses “can” which is the ability modal because it explains the ability of the recovering rainwater to use
for different purposes.