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Minggu 3 Dr. Dr. Lisda MANAGEMENT ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Minggu 3 Dr. Dr. Lisda MANAGEMENT ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Minggu 3 Dr. Dr. Lisda MANAGEMENT ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Lisda Amalia
Cerebrovascular Subdivision
Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Padjadjaran University
RSUP dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
INTRODUCTION
• The committees of the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Academy of
Neurology (AAN) then published guidelines endorsing the use of ALTEPLASE t-PA for
acute ischemic stroke under strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.
• The use of ALTEPLASE (t-PA) for acute ischemic stroke resulted in a significant
improvement in NIH Stoke Scale within the first 24 hours as well as neurologic and
functional outcomes at three months if administered within 3 hours of stroke onset.
→ Significantly more patients had complete recovery at three months who were
treated with t-PA than placebo → mortality dan morbidity
TIME IS BRAIN
OUTLINE
• Stroke epidemiology
• Why rTPA or trombolysis?
• Guideline management acute ischemic stroke
• What is alteplase ?
• Preparation before rTPA administration
• Stroke network
• Management complication
WHAT IS A STROKE?
A STROKE IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY!
Haemorrhagic
Other
12%
5%
Cryptogenic Atherosclerotic
30% cerebrovascular
disease
20%
Small vessel
Cardiac disease
embolism “lacunes”
20% 25%
≤ 90 mins NNT=4 to 5
90 min - 3 h NNT=9
3 - 4.5 h NNT=14
12 10.6 10.7
10.2
10 11% 9.2
8.5
7.8
8
6 4.7
4 2.9 3.2
1.6
2 0.8
0.2 0.3
0
90 180
OTT (min)
I.V. rt-PA (0.9 mg/kg body weight, max. 90 mg), with 10% of the dose given as a
bolus followed by a 60-minute infusion, is recommended within 4.5 hours of
onset of ischaemic stroke (Class I, Level A)
The use of multimodal imaging may be useful for patient selection for
thrombolysis but is not recommended for routine clinical practice (Class III,
Level C)
Acute stroke patients should have access to high technology medical and
surgical stroke care when required
(Class III, Level B)
Actilyse® (rt-PA) is a fibrinolytic agent that activates plasminogen to form plasmin. Plasmin, in turn, degrades fibrin, a
component of blood clots. So Actilyse® stimulates the release of plasmin, which breaks up the clots in a blocked
vessel, limiting the tissue damage caused by ischaemia.
MODE OF ACTION
Actilyse® is relatively inactive when infused into the
systemic circulation:
The penumbra is
Infarct
moderately
Penumbra ischaemic tissue that
may remain
salvageable for
several hours if
reperfusion
takes place1,2
Onset of stroke:
death of brain cells within minutes1
Ischaemic core
(brain tissue
destined to die)2
Penumbra
(salvageable
brain area)2
4
3
Contra-indications
2
Severity of stroke
1
Diagnosis
Exclude bleeding
STEP 1
EXCLUDING BLEEDING
Intra-cerebral haemorrhage Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage
Onset of symptoms
Increased bleeding risk more than 4.5 hours
ago
Severity
Aged
Unstable patient
18 – 80 years
Remove Actilyse vial, Remove cap from one Remove cap from other INVERT BOTH VIALS Swirl gently to dissolve
sterile water for injection end of transfer device. end of transfer device. so Actilyse is on bottom. Actilyse. DO NOT
and transfer device from Insert piercing pin into Push inverted Actilyse SHAKE.
Allow ALL water to flow
box (please note there is upright vial of sterile vial down so that piercing
no transfer device in the WFI. KEEP WATER VIAL pin passes through into Actilyse vial.
10 mg pack). UPRIGHT. centre of Actilyse vial Remove transfer device.
stopper.
INSPECT SOLUTION Withdraw BOLUS DOSE Administer Withdraw remaining 90% INFUSE remaining 90%
for particulate matter (10% of total dose) INTRAVENOUS BOLUS of dose. DISCARD of dose over 60 minutes
using a syringe and dose over 1 minute. EXCESS quantity of drug using infusion pump. At
and discolouration.
needle. over that required for the end of treatment
treatment. FLUSH tubing with
15-20 ml of Normal
Saline.
Transfer device not provided with 10 mg vial
*IN SOME COUNTRIES, ACTILYSE ® IS ONLY LICE NS E D FOR US E W ITHIN THE FIRS T 3 HOURS
OF STROKE SYMPTOM ONSET. PLEASE CHECK YOUR LOCAL LICENSING REGUL A TIONS FOR
A CTILY S E ® .
COMPLICATIONS OF
TREATMENT WITH ACTILYSE ®
The most frequent adverse reactions associated with Actilyse® are:
• Adams HP Jr, Brott TG, Furlan AJ, et al. Guidelines for thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke: A
supplement to the guidelines for the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A
statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council,
American Heart Association Stroke. 1996; 27:1711-8.
• Practice advisory: Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke - Summary statement: Report
of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology.
1996; 47:835-9.
• Adams, HP Jr, Adams RJ, Brott T, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With
Ischemic Stroke. A Scientific Statement From the Stroke Council of the American Stroke
Association. Stroke 2003; 34:1056-1083.
Thank You