CLASS 10 [ACTIVITYS] CH 1

CHEMICAL REACTON AND

EQUATIONS

Activity 1.7 (Experiment):

Aim: To show that water is a compound  containing two atoms

of hydrogen and 1 atom
of oxygen

We will observe the bubbles of O2 at Anode and H2 at cathode.

􀂄 The volume of the gas collected in one test tube is double the other
test tubes this is because one molecules of Water contains two parts of
hydrogen and one part oxygen.

2H2 + O2  à 2H2O

􀂄 Test these gases one by one by bringing a burning candle close to

the mouth of the test tubes.

One gas H2 catches fire and burn with pop sound and other gas
O2 matchstick burn brightly smoothly. 
Conclusion: Water
is a compound containing two atoms of
hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen

Activity 1.8 (Experiment):

Take about 2 g of white silver chloride in a china dish .Place this china dish in
sunlight for some time

=> White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight due to the decomposition. This is
called photodecomposition reactions. This is an example of Endothermic
reaction.

2AgCl(s) ⎯⎯Sunlight →2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

Silver bromide also behaves in the same way.

2AgBr(s) ⎯⎯Sunlight →2Ag(s) + Br2(g)

The above reactions are used in black and white photography

=> The decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat, light
or electricity for breaking down the reactants.

Reactions in which energy is absorbed are known as endothermic reactions

Activity 1.9 (Experiment):

Take a iron nails and put them into test tube containing 10 mL copper sulphate
solution.

=> The colour of iron nails dipped in the copper sulphate solution become
brownish in colour and the blue colour of copper sulphate solution fade due to
deposition of copper over iron nail.

Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)         Single displacement reaction

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)→ ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s) 

Activity 1.10 (Experiment):

Aim: To show double displacement reaction 

Mix two solution a bout 3 mL of sodium sulphate solution and about 3 mL of

barium chloride solution.

=> A white substance Barium sulphate which is insoluble in water called

precipitate is formed.

Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

A reaction in which there is an exchange of ions between the reactants are

called double displacement reactions.

Activity 1.11 (Experiment):

Aim: To show oxidation and reduction reaction  

Heat a china dish containing about 1 g copper powder .

=> The surface of copper powder becomes coated with black copper(II) oxide
due to oxidation of copper to

copper oxide. This is an example of oxidation reaction in which there is addition

of oxygen or removal of hydrogen or loss of electron.

2Cu  ( Reddish brown) + O2 ⎯⎯Heat →2CuO (black)

=> Now pass H2 gas over the heated CuO the black coating turns to
pink(reddish brown) again.
CuO +H2 ⎯Heat⎯→ Cu+H2O

CuO reduced to Cu and H2 oxidised to H20

If a substance gains oxygen during a reaction, it is said to be oxidised. Here H2

If a substance loses oxygen during a reaction, it is said to be reduced. Here CuO

When one reactant gets oxidised while the other gets reduced during a reaction.
This reactions are called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions.

ZnO + C → Zn + CO

Carbon is oxidised to CO and ZnO is reduced to Zn.

MnO2 +  4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

HCl is oxidised to Cl2  by loosing hydrogen 

MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2 by loosing oxygen.

=>  if a substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen during a reaction, it is

oxidised.

If a substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen during a reaction, it is reduced.

Activity 1.12

Take about 2 g barium hydroxide in a test tube. 

Add 1 g of ammonium chloride and mix with the help of a glass rod.

=> when we mix barium hydroxide with ammonium chloride the

bottom of test tube became cold due to absorption of heat. so it is
an endothermic reaction.