Assignment # 5: Integumentary System

EXPLORE: 1.
EXPLORE: 2.
• The major distinction between thick and thin skin is that the former has a thick
epidermis and is hairless, while the latter has hairs and fluctuates in thickness
according to the thickness of the dermis. Additionally, thin skin covers the rest of the
body, with thick skin only present on the palms of the hands, the surface lining of the
fingers, and the soles of the feet. The thick skin's primary purpose is to shield these
areas from ongoing mechanical abrasion. In addition, thick skin lacks sebaceous
glands, smooth muscles, and hair follicles. On the contrary, it has numerous sweat
glands and surface ridges and furrows. The existence of hair follicles is one of the
primary characteristics of thin skin. Arrector pili muscles, which are tiny muscles
connected to hair follicles, are also present. They are in charge of the standing hair on
the ends. On the other hand, sebaceous glands are present in this skin. The body needs
the thin skin to defend it against pathogenic attack and dehydration.

EXPLORE: 3.
• Many skin-specific issues are restricted to the skin. However, occasionally a condition
that affects the entire body can be deduced from the skin. Doctors so frequently have to
take into account a wide range of potential diseases when assessing skin issues. When
a patient presents with a skin issue, they may need to conduct blood testing or other
laboratory tests to check for an underlying illness. When an anomaly on the skin is
noticed, various tests can be conducted, including: If a doctor believes an allergic
reaction is the source of a rash, skin tests, such as a "use" test, a patch test, a prick
(needle) test, and an intradermal test, may be performed. When fragrances, shampoos,
or other items found in the home may be the culprit, the usage test, in which a
suspected product is administered distant from the place where the rashes initially
appeared (often on the forearm), is helpful. In the patch test, numerous tiny samples of
allergens—common and suspected reaction-inducing substances—are placed to the
skin and left on a designated area (usually the upper back). After the patches are
removed, the skin beneath them is assessed once at 48 hours and once more after 96
hours. The skin frequently takes several days to show a visible reaction. A person is
presumably allergic to anything if they develop a recognizable red, typically itchy rash
in response to it. Sometimes the compounds cause a reaction that is more akin to
irritation than an allergic reaction. A drop of an extract of the suspected chemical is
applied to the skin during the prick test. A very small amount of the chemical is then
injected into the skin by puncturing or pricking the drop. The next step is to check the
skin for redness, hives, or both, which often appear 30 minutes later. Small doses of a
chemical are injected beneath the skin during an intradermal test. Following that, the
area is examined for redness and swelling, which point to an allergic reaction.

ELABORATE:
EXTEND:
• The epidermis, middle layer, and bottom layer are the three different skin
layers. In order to prevent moisture from escaping from your skin,
moisturizers either retain moisture there or replace moisture that has
already been lost in the skin's outer layer. Blood vessels provide moisture
to the skin, but they only do it for the dermis, which is the middle layer of
the skin. From there, water moves through the epidermis in an upward and
outward direction before evaporating into the atmosphere. Skin peels off
and cracks as a result of this evaporation. Skin isn't always dry, although
this process is ongoing. Because daily moisturizing can lower the
likelihood of developing excessive dryness or oiliness, the dryer the air,
the more moisture it will draw from your skin. Both extremes are damaging
to the skin and are the root of frequent skin problems like acne.