Specific Science:- (Non-MCQ)

Q1) X is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting
tissue of the eye. It is the most common primary malignant intraocular cancer in children, and it is almost ex-
clusively found in young children. Though most children survive this cancer, they may lose their vision in
the affected eye(s) or need to have the eye removed.

What is X? Also name the Gene involved in this Cancer.

Answer) X - Retinoblastoma, Gene Involved - RB1 Gene.

Q2) X is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor sys-
tem. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms become more
common.The most obvious early symptoms are tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with
walking. Cognitive and behavioural problems may also occur with depression, anxiety, and apathy occurring
in many people with X, dementia also becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease.

What is X? Who discovered it & when?

Answer) X - Parkinson's disease, Discovered by James Parkinson in 1817.

Q3) X is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of Y. It is usually associated
with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. The
average IQ of a young adult with X is 50, equivalent to the mental ability of an eight- or nine-year-old child,
but this can vary widely.

Answer) X- Down syndrome, Y- Chromosome 21

Q4) Found in Multicellular organism these are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can dif-
ferentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They
are the earliest type of cell in a cell lineage. They are found in both embryonic and adult organisms, but they
have slightly different properties in each. They are usually distinguished from progenitor cells, which cannot
divide indefinitely, and precursor or blast cells, which are usually committed to differentiating into one cell
type.

What are these cells?

Answer) Stem Cells

Q5) X is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the bodies of many vertebrates, where it is
somehow involved with proteins. X is formed in the small intestine. This enzyme cuts peptide chains mainly
at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine. It is used for numerous biotechnological processes.

What is this enzyme?

Answer) Trypsin

Q6) The X is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay, first described by Eva Engvall and Peter Perl-
mann in 1971. The assay uses a solid-phase type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a
ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using antibodies directed against the protein to be measured.
X has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine, plant pathology, and biotechnology, as well as a quality
control check in various industries. This Assay is of 4 basic types.

Answer) X-ELISA, Types- Direct, Sandwich, Competitive & Reverse.

Q7) X is a Japanese cell biologist specializing in Y, the process that cells use to destroy and recycle cellular
components. X is a professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology's Institute of Innovative Research. He re-
ceived the Kyoto Prize for Basic Sciences in 2012 & the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Identify X & Y.

Answer) X-Yoshinori Ohsumi, Y-Autophagy.

Q8) In genetic engineering, X is a device used to deliver exogenous DNA (transgenes), RNA, or protein to
cells. By coating particles of a heavy metal with a gene of interest and firing these micro-projectiles into cells
using mechanical force, an integration of desired genetic information can be introduced into desired cells.
This device is able to transform almost any type of cell and is not limited to the transformation of the nu-
cleus; it can also transform organelles, including plastids and mitochondria.

What is this device?

Answer) Gene Gun.

Q9) This is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis.
By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave
similarly as a distinct group.

What is this system of classification & who invented it?

Answer) Baltimore Classification, Dr. David Baltimore

Q10) X was a Swiss physician and biologist. He was the first scientist to isolate Y in 1869. X had isolated
various phosphate-rich chemicals, from the nuclei of white blood cells in Felix Hoppe-Seyler's laboratory at
the University of Tübingen, Germany, paving the way for the identification of DNA as the carrier of inheri-
tance. Later, X raised the idea that the Y could be involved in heredity and even posited that there might be
something akin to an alphabet that might explain how variation is produced.

Who is X? What is Y?

Answer) X - Friedrich Miescher, Y- Nucleic Acids.

Specific Science:- (MCQ)

QUESTIONS

1) Which of the following graphs best describe the dependence of free energy change() of ATP
hydrolysis on Mg2+ concentration?
Ans – 1
2) The structure of a protein with 100 residues was determined by X-rays analysis at atomic reso-
lution and NMR spectroscopy are possible.
a) The dihedral angles determined from the X-ray structure and NMR will be identical.
b) The dihedral angles determined from the X-ray structure will be more accurate.
c) beta-turns can be determined only by NMR.
d) beta-sheets can be more accurately determined from the X-ray structure
indicate the combination with all correct answers
a) A and B
b) B and D
c) B and C
d) A and D
Ans – b
3) The CO2 dissociation curves of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are given along with dis-
solved CO2 below: following statements are deduced from the curves above and/or based on
the knowledge about C02 transport, which may or may not be correct:
a) the deoxygenated Hb has a greater affinity for CO2 than oxygenated Hb
b) the deoxygenated Hb does not bind with free H+

c) the Hb saturation with O2 has no effect on CO2 dissociation curve

d) O2 and CO2 bind to Hb at different sites
Ans- A and D
4) Given below is the [P] vs time plot of and enzymatic reaction carried out by the enzyme X

which one of the following statements is the correct interpretation of the data?
a) The Km and Vmax value of the enzyme X are 15 and 60 units respectively.
b) The Vmax is 60 but the Km cannot be determined
c) The Km is 15 but Vmax cannot be determined
d) neither Km nor Vmax of the enzyme X can be determined from these data
Ans- D
 5) The rate constant for the conversion of a substrate into the product is 0.0001/s while the re-
verse rate constant is 0.000001/s. An enzyme the rate of thus reaction by 100-fold. The equi-
librium constant for this enzyme-catalyzed reaction is
a) 100
b) 10000
c) 10
d) 1000
Ans – a
6) The following disulphide bind containing peptide was digested using trypsin. How many pep-
tide fragments will be produced by the digestion?
MTPQKAVILNSCTYRPYM
NQGCLKVCVNPCGRLTDEH
Ans – THREE
7) In the human normal B and T cell develops the CDC4+ and CDC8 first and then they differen-
tiate to CDC4+ CDC and CDC4- CDC+. If there is a defect in development which quadrant in
the flow cytometer graph will show more density?
8) Which of the following is correct regarding cellular immunity?
a) T-cells that bind too strongly or too weakly to the self-MHC molecules in the thymus are
deleted by apoptosis
b) CD4+ helper T-cells recognized antigen bound to MHK class I molecules
c) Full activation of T-cells requires a costimulatory signal via the B7 proteins on the T- cell
surface.
d) The TH2 subset of helper T-cells activates macrophages via the cytokine interferon- γ
Ans- C
9) Four groups of mice were studied for the factors required for the mast cell generation: IL-3 de-
ficient, GM-CSF- deficient, G-CSF- deficient and erythropoietin- deficient. In which mice,
mast cell generation is most likely to be deficient?
a) IL-3 deficient
b) GM-CSF deficient
c) G-CSF deficient
d) erythropoietin- deficient
Ans- A