Ch 4 DYNAMICS: FORCE AND NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION

Free-Body Diagram: Vector resolving in to horizontal and vertical components

External forces & Net force Example:

The net force on an object is the vector sum of all external forces exerted on the object.

Types of force

Weight/Gravitational force

Normal Force

A supporting force that is perpendicular to the surface of contact.

Tension

Friction

A force that opposes relative motion between systems in contact.

Static Friction

is the coefficient of static friction

Static friction is a responsive force that increases to be equal and opposite to whatever force is exerted, up to its maximum
limit. Once the applied force exceeds , the object will move.

Kinetic Friction

is the coefficient of kinetic friction

Force on spring/Hooke’s Law

k is spring constant
Note: F can be compressive or tensile

Newton's First Law of Motion: Inertia

Def: The body will remain stationary or move with constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.

The property of a body to remain at rest or to remain in motion with constant velocity is called inertia. (The tendency of an
object to continue in its original state of motion.)

The inertia of an object is measured by its mass.

Newton’s Second Law

Def: The acceleration of a system is directly proportional to and in the same direction as the net external force acting
on the system, and inversely proportional to its mass.

Unit of force:

Newton’s Third Law

Def: If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B will exert an equal (in magnitude) and opposite (in direction)
force on body A.

Action and Reaction pairs example:

Note:

Same type of forces

act on different objects

Equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium
M m, magnitude of acceleration is:
Find the acceleration of each block: and , relative to the horizontal surface.
Lift

Elasticity: Stress and Strain

Stress: ratio of force and cross-sectional area

Strain: ratio of extension and original length

Young Modulus