GTAW WELDING

GTAW :
GTAW Fusion Welding Process Arc Between Non-Consumable
Tungsten Rod And Work Arc & Weld Pool Shielded By Argon
Filler Wire Separately Added To Weld Pool Welding Torch &
Tungsten Rod Cooled by Flow OF Argon / Cooling Water

Shielding Gas :
Shielding Gas Inert Gas - Argon , Helium Common Shielding
Gas – Argon When Helium Is Used – Called Heli – Arc
Welding When Argon Is Used – Called Argon Arc Welding
Inert Gas Prevents Contamination Of Molten Metal It Prevents
Oxidation Of Tungsten Rod It Ionizes Air Gap and Stabilizes
Arc It Cools Welding Torch & Tungsten Rod

Equipment & Accessories :

Equipment & Accessories – + Argon Gas In Flow Meter
Welding Cable & Cooling Water In Tube HF Unit & Water
Cooling System Argon Cylinder Pressure Regulator Cooling
Water In Cooling Water Out Argon Shielding Tungsten Rod
Power Source Work Arc + High Frequency Connection
Solenoid Valve Ceramic Cup Pedal Switch
GTAW Equipment & Accessories :
GTAW Equipment & Accessories Power Source – Inverter,
Thyrester,Rectifier, Generator High Frequency Unit Water
Cooling System Welding Torch- (Ceramic Cup, Tungsten Rod,
Collet, Gas-lense) Petal Switch Argon Gas Cylinder Pressure
Gauge, Regulator, Flow Meter Earthing Cable With Clamp

Types Of GTAW Power Source :

Types Of GTAW Power Source Inverter- DC Thyrester – DC
Motor Generator – DC Rectifier – DC Transformer – AC (For
Aluminium Welding Only)

Power Source :
Power Source Provides Electric Energy – Arc – Heat Drooping
Characteristic OCV – Appx. 90V, Current Range 40 A to 300 A
( Capacity Of M/s) Arc Voltage 18V to 26V

Characteristic Of GTAW Power Source :

Characteristic Of GTAW Power Source A Vertical Curve V1
V2 A1 A2 V

High Frequency Unit :

High Frequency Unit Provides High Voltage Electric Energy
With Very high Frequency – 10000 Cycles / Sec. Initiates low
energy Arc & ionize Air Gap. Electrically charges Air Gap For
welding Current to Jump Across the Tungsten Tip & BM to
Form An Arc. HF Gets Cut Off, Once Welding Arc Struck.

Water Cooling System :

Water Cooling System Provides Cooling Water To Welding
Torch. Cools Tungsten Rod, Torch handle & Welding Cable.
Cooling Water Returns through Flexible Tube Which Carries
welding cable within.

GTAW TORCH :
GTAW TORCH Tungsten Rod Ceramic Cup Arc Argon Gas
Inlet Cooling Water Outlet Cooling Water Inlet Tube with cable
Base Metal Torch Handle Cap with collet For Holding Tungsten
Argon Shielding Gas Earthing Cable

Petal Switch :
Petal Switch Switches system on And off in sequence When
Petal Pressed Solenoid valve opens, Argon gas flows High
Frequency starts jumping from tungsten rod Welding current
flows generating an arc across tungsten rod and work. High
frequency gets cut off from the system & welding continues.
When Petal Released Current gets cut off, Arc extinguishes Gas
flow remains for few more seconds before it stops.
Argon Gas Cylinder- Pressure Regulator + Flow
Meter :
Argon Gas Cylinder- Pressure Regulator + Flow Meter Cylinder
Stores Argon At High Pressure Regulator Regulates Cylinder
Pressure to Working Pressure Flow Meter Controls Flow Rate
Argon Cylinder Flow Meter Pressure Regulator Flow Regulator
Pressure gauges Cylinder Valve Connection To Torch

Shielding Gas :
Shielding Gas Argon - Purity 99.95% Impure Argon Results In
Porosities Purity Verified by Fusing BQ CS plate Leakage of
Argon in Torch Results in Porosity. Check Leakage by Closing
the Ceramic Cup With Thump

Argon Gas Cylinder :

Argon Gas Cylinder Light Blue In Colour Full Cylinder
Pressure: 1800 psi ( 130 Kgs / Cm2 ) Volume Of Argon In Full
Cylinder: 7.3 M3 Commercial Argon (99.99%) Cost: Rs 70/-
Per M3 High Purity Argon (99.999) Cost: Rs 87/- Per M3

Back Purging :
Back Purging Purging Gas Commercial Argon or Nitrogen
Applicable to Single Sided full penetration Prevents oxidation of
root pass from opposite side of weld Essential for high alloy
steels, nonferrous metals and alloys Desirable For All Material
Welding Torch Root Pass Purging Gas In Purging Gas Out
Purging chamber Filler Wire

Tools For GTAW :

Tools For GTAW Head Screen Hand gloves Chipping Hammer
Wire Brush Spanner Set

Tungsten Rod :
Tungsten Rod Non Consumable Electrode. Maintains Stable Arc
Tip to be Ground to a cone Shape of 60º to 30º angle Thoriated
Tungsten for General Application, Zerconiated Tungsten for
Aluminium Welding Sizes :- 2, 2.4 & 3 mm Ø Tungsten Rod
Ground to 50º ankle

Filler Wire :
Filler Wire Added Separately to the weld pool. Compatible to
base metal Used in cut length for manual welding. Used from
layer wound spool for automatic welding. Sizes :- 0.8, 1, 1.2,
1.6, 2, 2.4 & 3 mm

ASME Classification Of Filler Wire :

ASME Classification Of Filler Wire SS Filler Wire: SFA-5.9,
ER 308, 308L, 316, 316L, 347, 309 LAS Filler Wire: SFA 5.28,
ER 70S A1, ER 80S B2, ER90S D2, ER 80S Ni2 CS Filler
Wire: SFA- 5.18 , ER 70S2 C = 0.07%, Mn = 0.9% – 1.4%, Si =
0.4 – 0.7%, P = 0.025%, S = 0.035%

Dos & Don'ts In GTAW :

Dos & Don'ts In GTAW Always Connect Electrode – Ve Keep
Always Flow Meter Vertical Check & Confirm Argon Purity
Clean Groove & Filler wire With Acetone Grind Tungsten Tip
to Point Don’t Strike Arc With Electrode + Ve Don’t strike Arc
Without Argon Flow Don’t Strike Arc By touching Tungsten
Rod Don’t Touch Weld Pool With Tungsten Rod Don’t Lift and
break Arc Dos Don’ts

Dos & Don'ts In GTAW :

Dos & Don'ts In GTAW Break The Arc Only By Pedal Switch
Lift The Torch only After 5 Sec Of Arc Break. Ensure Pre
Purging & Post Purging of 5Sec Ensure Argon Flow & Water
Circulation To Torch When Arc is Stopped Don’t Lift Torch
immediately. Don’t Weld With Blend Tungsten Rod Don’t
Weld With Argon Leaking Torch Don’t Weld Without Water
Circulation Dos Don’ts

Dos & Don'ts In GTAW :

Dos & Don'ts In GTAW Provide Back Purging For Single Sided
Full Penetration Welds Use N2 or Argon as Back Purging Gas
For CS & LAS Use Argon As Back Purging Gas For SS & Non
Ferrous Alloys Don’t Weld Single Sided Full Penetration Welds
Without Back Purging Don’t Use N2 As Back Purging Gas For
Non Ferrous Alloys Don’t Empty Ag Cylinders Fully Dos
Don’ts

Defects In GTAW :
Defects In GTAW 1. Cracks 2. Lack Of Fusion 3. Porosity 4.
Undercut 5.Lack Of Penetration 6. Excess Penetration 7.Overlap
8. Suck Back 9. Under Flush 10. Burn Through 11. Tungsten
Inclusion 11.Stray Arcing