(1) Maximum number of electrons in a subshell is given (15) Orbital having equal energy are called

by (a) Valence orbital b) Degenerate orbital

(a) 2l +1 (b) 2l – 1 (c) d-orbital d) Molecular orbital
(c) 2(2l + 1) (d) 2(2l – 1) (16) The wavelength of Lyman series lies in the region:
(2) Quantum number value for 2p orbital are (a) U.V (b) Visible
(a) n = 2 l = 1 (b) n = 1 l = 2 (c) I.R (d) None of
(c) n = 1 l = 0 (d) n = 2 l = 0 (17) Cathode rays cause a chemical change because they
(3) An orbital can accommodate maximum electrons: have effect.
(a) 10 (b) 14 (a) Oxidizing (b) Conducting
(c) 6 (d) 2 (c) Reducing (d) Diffusing
(4) When 6d orbital is completed, the entering electron (18) When fast neutron carry nuclear reaction with nitrogen it
goes into: ejects particles
(a) 7f (b) 7s (a)  (b) 
(c) 7p (d) 7d (c)  (d) 
e (19) The element which has maximum number of
(5) value for positive rays is maximum for unpaired electron is
m
(a) Hydrogen (b) Helium (a) Cr24 (b) Ca20
(c) Oxygen (d) Nitrogen (c) Fe26 (d) Cu29
(6) Splitting of spectral lines when atoms are subjected (20) The value of Plank’s constant in Js is
to strong electric field is called: (a) 6.62×10–34 (b) 6.62×1027
–29
(a) Zeeman effect (b) Stark effect (c) 6.62×10 (d) 6.62×10–31
39
(c) Photoelectric effect (d) Compton effect (21) The number of Neutrons present in 19 K is
(7) The nature of the positive rays depends on (a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 39
(a) The nature of the cathode (22) Splitting of spectral lines when atoms are subjected
(b) The nature of the residual gas to strong magnetic field is called:
(c) The nature of the anode (a)Zeeman effect b) Stark effect
(d) The nature of the discharge tube (c) Compton effect (d) Photoelectric effect
(8) The wave number of light emitted by a certain source (23) The mass of a proton is how much times more than
is 2 × 106 m the wave length of this light will be that of an electron
(a) 500 nm (b) 500 m (a) 1386 (b) 1836
(c) 200 m (d) 5 × 107 m (c) 6138 (d) 8136
(9) The velocity of photon is (24) When  - particles strike on the nucleus of 4Be9 then the
(a) Independent of the wavelength emitted particle is
(b) Depends on its wavelength (a) Proton (b) Neutron
(c) Equal to square of its mplitude (c) Neutrino (d)  - radiations
(d) Depends on its source (25) Mass of Electron is:
(10) In ground state of an atom the electron is present (a) 9.1095 1031 Kg (b) 9.1095 1031 Kg
(a) In the nucleus (b) In the second shell
(c) Nearest to the nucleus (d) Farthest from the nucleus c) 9.1095 1027 Kg (d) 9.1095 1031 g
(26) After filling of 4f, the entering electron goes into:-
29 Cu   30 Zn + X where X is:
66 66
(11)
(a) 5d (b) 6p
(a) Proton (b) Positron (c) 6s (d) 4d
(c) Electron (d) Neutron (27) The positive particle produced in the discharge tube
(12) De. Broglie equation is represented by from Hydrogen gas was named Proton by:-
γ h (a) Millikan (b) Goldstein
(a) h = b) m =
mv λv (c) Rutherford(d) Chadwick
 h (28) Ruther ford’s model failed because
(c) m = (d)  = (a) The atom did not have a nuclear and electrons
hv mv (b) It did not account for the attraction between protons
(13) Bohr model of atom is contradicted by and neutrons
(a) Plank’s quantum theory(b) Dual nature of matter
(c) It did not account for the stability of the atom
(c) Heisenberg uncertainty principle (d) All of these
(d) There is no space between nucleus and the
(14) An orbital which is spherical and symmetrical is
(a) s-orbital (b) p-orbital electrons
(c) d-orbital (d) f-orbital
Q.1 Why positive rays are called canal rays? ,What are the canal rays and how are they produced in the discharge tube?
Ans: The positively charged rays produced in the discharge tube are called canal rays because they pass through the porous cathode.
The high energy electrons ionize the atoms of the gas present in the discharge tube and make positive rays as,
M + e- → M+ + 2e-
Q.2 What is the difference between continuous and atomic or line spectrum?
Continuous spectrum Atomic / Line spectrum
1. In this spectrum, lines or waves are diffused into one 1. In this spectrum, lines are separated from each other by
another. some dark space.
2. There is no sharp boundary between the colours. 2. There is gap between the lines.
3. It can be formed by dispersing some typical lights like 3. It is produced by heating the element or its compound on
sunlight, incandescent bulbs light, etc. flame or some other source of heat.
4. It is a polychromatic light 4. It is monochromatic light.
5. It has only one type. 5. It has two types
(a) Line emission spectrum
(b) Line absorption spectrum
6. Example: Rainbow, sunlight, electric bulb light 6. Heating of sodium or potassium or their salts on flame.
Q.3 What is the difference between atomic emission spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum?
Atomic emission spectrum Atomic absorption spectrum
1. When a substance is heated then the spectrum of the 1. When some radiations are fallen on a substance then some
emitted radiation from it, is atomic emission. are absorbed and some pass through. The spectrum of these
radiations is atomic absorption.
2. In emission spectrum, the lines appear bright on dark 2. In absorption spectrum, the lines appear dark on bright
background because the corresponding wavelengths are background because the corresponding wavelengths are being
being emitted by the element. absorbed by the element.
Atoms or
Molecules

Electromagnetic
Atoms or radiation
Detector
Molecules Detector

Energy

Q.4 What are X-rays and how they are produced? OR What is the origin of X-rays?
Ans: X-rays are produced when rapidly moving electrons collide with heavy metal anode in the discharge tube. When
electron strikes the metal target, it throws away an electron form an inner shell. The space of that shell is filled by higher
shell electrons, and radiations are emitted called X-rays.
Q.5 What do you mean by the fast and slow neutrons? Which are effective for nuclear fission?
Ans: The neutrons travelling with energy of 1.2 MeV are called fast neutrons but that with energy below 1 eV are called slow
neutrons. Slow neutrons are more effective in nuclear fission.
Q.6 Write the postulates of Planck’s Quantum Theory (in 1900)?
Ans: The postulates of Planck’s Quantum Theory are
i. Energy is emitted or absorbed in the form of wave packets called quanta.
Quanta for light is called photon.
ii. The energy of quanta is proportional to the frequency of the radiation.
Eαv
and E = hv
where, h = Planck’s constant and v = frequency
iii. The energy can be given as
We know that E = hv
hv hc c
So E= (Q v = )
 λ λ
1
and E = h c 𝑣̅ (Q 𝑣̅ = λ)
where, 𝑣̅ = wave number
Q.7 What is the difference between Zeeman Effect and Stark Effect?
Ans: When hydrogen is taken in the influence of an electric field, some more lines are observed by spectrometer. This splitting is
called Stark effect.
Q.8 What is Sommerfeld model of an atom?
In 1915, Sommerfeld suggested that the moving electrons are present in elliptic orbits where the nucleus lies at one of the foci
of the ellipse.

Elliptical orbits
Nucleus o
Foci of ellipse
 Q.9 State and write the postulates of Moseley’s law?
Ans: It is stated as, the frequency of a spectral line in X- ray spectrum is directly proportional to square of the atomic no. of the
element emitting the rays.
The postulates of Moseley’s Law are
i. The spectral lines can be of shorter wavelength like K-series or longer wavelength like L-series.
ii. X-rays of shorter wavelength are produced from a target of higher atomic number.
iii. The frequency of a X-ray is related to the atomic number as
√𝑣 = a (Z-b)
Where a = proportionality constant and b = screening constant
Q.10 Write Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (1927), mathematical form & which effect helps to understand it?
OR
What is uncertainty principle? What is its limitation?
Ans: The position and momentum of an electron cannot be found accurately at the same time. This means that if we measure
position accurately then there will be much uncertainty about the momentum of the particle and vice versa. The mathematical
form of this principle is,
ℎ
∆x . ∆p ≥ 4𝜋
Where Δx = uncertainty in the position, Δp = uncertainty in the momentum, h = Planck’s constant.
This principle was confirmed by Compton’s effect. It is applicable only for microscopic bodies.
Q.11 Define Auf-bau principle.
Ans: According to this principle, electrons should be filled in subshell in order of their increasing energy values.
It gives the same energy order as given by (n + l) rule. The order of increasing energy level of a various sub-shell is given
below.
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p, 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s
Q.12 What is meant by Pauli’s Exclusion Principle?
Ans: “The electrons in an orbital have opposite spin [↑↓]”.
OR
“No two electrons in the same orbital have same set of four quantum numbers.”
For example, take the case of helium which have two electrons. These two electrons will be present in lowest energy level
1s. These electrons have opposite spin like,
[↑↓] allowed
An orbital occupied by two electrons with parallel spin is not permitted
[↑↑] OR [↓↓] not allowed.
Q.13 What is Hund’s rule?
Ans: If two or more degenerate orbitals are available for the filling of electrons then they will go with same spin to separate orbitals
rather than pairing in one orbital. For example,
6C = 1s2 2s2 2px↑ 2py↑ 2pz0
7N = 1s2 2s2 2px↑ 2py↑ 2pz↑
8O = 1s2 2s2 2px↑↓ 2py↑ 2pz↑
Q.14 Write down the drawback of Rutherford’s atomic model.
Ans:
i. Rutherford’s model is based on laws of gravitation and motion which are for neutral bodies.
ii. The moving electron should emit radiations continuously and so fall into the nucleus by classical theory. But it
never happens.
iii. Revolving electron should emit energy continuously and a continuous spectrum but there is a line spectrum.
Q.15 Write the information given by the four quantum numbers about the orbit and the orbital?
What is the significance of quantum numbers?
Ans: Principal Quantum Number: It tells about the no. of shell and the size of the atom.
Azimuthal Quantum Number: It tells about subshells, the number of electrons in the subshells and the shapes of subshells.
Magnetic Quantum Number: It tells about the orientations of the subshells.
Spin Quantum Number: It tells about the rotation of the electrons present in the subshell.