ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 – 2020

EFFECTIVENESS OF CHARCOAL AND OLIVE OIL AS ALTERNATIVE

INGREDIENTS FOR SHOE POLISH

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
PRESENTED TO THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
OF UNIVERSITY OF CEBU – BANILAD CAMPUS

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE SUBJECT

ENGLISH 3: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
(E.A.P.P.)

SUBMITTED BY:
---12 STEM 2C – CHARITY---

ARANAS, KYLE JOSHUA B.

CORTES, ROMEO M.
MALAYAN, HAIRISH O.
ROSALES, SHIELA MAE G.
SUICO, JANELLE Y.

OCTOBER 2019

1
 ABSTRACT

Effectiveness of Charcoal and Olive Oil as Alternative Ingredients for Shoe Polish

By

Aranas, Kyle Joshua B., Cortes, Romeo M., Malayan, Hairish O., Rosales, Shiela

Mae G., Suico, Janelle Y.

Shoes have always been a trend throughout the world. People use a variety of

shoes for fashion, sports, or simply for day-to-day living. Today, black shoes are used

regularly by different people. Overtime, these shoes start to wear out and to avoid this,

people use shoe polish to shine their shoes. This study is an investigatory type of study

that focuses mainly on the effectiveness of charcoal shoe polish in leather shoes.

The researchers conducted the study in Sitio Pajo located in M. C. Briones St.

Mandaue City. The area where the researchers conducted the study is in a conduce place

where interactive discussion can well be done.

This research aims to make a cheap alternative shoe polish through the use of

charcoal, olive oil, and vanilla extract. The goal of the study is to have a shoe polish that

promotes thriftiness and a healthy lifestyle.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Rationale....................................................................................... 4
The Problem ................................................................................. 5
Statement of the Problem …………............................................ 6
Statement of the Null Hypotheses ……………........................... 7
Significance of the Study …………............................................. 7
Scope and Delimitations of the Study ………………................. 8
Definition of Terms ..................................................................... 9
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Theory ……………………………………………... 12
Related Literature ....................................................................... 13
Related Studies ............................................................................ 17
Conceptual Framework ............................................................... 24
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design .......................................................................... 26
Research Locale .......................................................................... 26
Research Subjects ....................................................................... 28
Research Materials and Equipment ………................................. 30
Research Procedure …................................................................. 33
Statistical Treatments ….............................................................. 34
References ……………………………………………………… 36

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 Chapter 1

Rationale

Shoes have always been a trend throughout the world. People use a variety of

shoes for fashion, sports, or simply for day-to-day living. Today, black shoes are used

regularly by different people. Overtime, these shoes start to wear out and to avoid this,

people use shoe polish to shine their shoes (Earnest & Collective, 2018). Shoe polish is

very needed today but is neglected because people tend to buy new shoes rather than

keeping it in good quality. We want to produce an alternative shoe polish that is both

effective and cost efficient. Shoe polish is used to shine and keep the shoes in good

quality. Various substances were used in making shoe polish in the past. Substances like

natural wax, oil and tar were used. Modern shoe polish was introduced in the early

twentieth century and still uses substances in the past eras.

Currently, shoes polish is usually made with a mixture of natural and synthetic

materials. Some ingredients are naphtha, turpentine and dyes. Many shoe polishes contain

toxic chemicals (Tom, 2015). These can be absorbed through the skin, or inhaled. The

researchers thought of an idea that charcoal and olive oil can be used as alternative

ingredients for a shoe polish. The most common characteristic of a shoe polish can be

found in charcoal. Charcoal is made by cooking wood in a low oxygen environment

(Goldwyn, 2014). Charcoal has a dark color in which, can be used as an ingredient for a

shoe polish to make it have a dark color. Olive oil can also be used in making the polish

to have a shining property. Olive oil is obtained from ripened olives (International Olive

4
Council, 2019). These are usually sold in supermarkets. The researchers also thought of

using vanilla extract to improve the smell of the shoe polish and to prevent potential

long-term health effects of their use. Vanilla extract was used as an ingredient for

fragrances in 1990 (Dorling, 2009).

This research aims to make a cheap alternative shoe polish through the use of

charcoal, olive oil, and vanilla extract. The goal of the study is to have a shoe polish that

promotes thriftiness and a healthy lifestyle.

Statement of the Problem

5
 This study aims to compare commercial shoe polish against the charcoal shoe

polish and seeks the feasibility to provide alternative shoe polish that is inexpensive and

easy to make. Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. Is there a significant difference between the effectiveness of charcoal shoe polish on

leathers?

1.1 Appearance

1.2 Color

1.3 Smell

2. Is there a significant difference between the effectiveness of commercial shoe polish

on leathers?

2.1 Appearance

2.2 Color

2.3 Smell

3. Is there a significant difference between olive oil and vanilla extract as ingredient for

charcoal made shoe polish in terms on:

3.1 Leather Care

3.2 Protection

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 3.3 Quality

Statement of the Null Hypothesis

Ho1: There is no significant difference between the effectiveness of charcoal as shoe

polish in terms of its appearance, color, and smell on leathers.

Ho2: There is no significant difference between the effectiveness of commercial shoe

polish in terms of its appearance, color, and smell on leathers.

Ho3: There is no significant difference between olive oil and vanilla extract in terms of

leather care, protection, and quality as the main ingredient for charcoal shoe polish.

Significance of the Study

The most common characteristic of a shoe polish can be found in charcoal.

Charcoal has a dark color in which can be used as an ingredient for a shoe polish to make

it have a dark color. This study was made to compare commercial shoe polish and the

charcoal shoe polish. The result of the study would be beneficial to the following:

Community will benefit in such a way that they will be aware of a cheaper way to

produce a shoe polish using charcoal. The community can also make their own shoe

polish by the use of charcoal. Students will benefit since the usage of black leather shoes

7
is part of their daily basis. Using charcoal as an alternative shoe polish is easier, and more

natural.

Shoe polish seller, this study could help the seller to improve a new product through the

use of the alternative ingredients which is the charcoal and olive oil.

Parents, this research could help the parents to make an easy do it yourself shoe polish

product at home that is cheap. In addition, it is also good for the health because it only

uses natural ingredients.

Environment, this research could help the people to achieve cleanliness of the

surroundings and avoid chemical effects to the environment.

Future researchers who are interested in getting the characteristic of shoe polish that

can be found in charcoal and as an alternative for commercial shoe polish, could improve

the present study in a lot of different angles, just like changing the variables which would

be applicable for future studies.

The Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus mainly on the users of black shoes. It affects the users

financially and health wise. Financially because shoe polish is very pricey and health

wise because of the smell of the shoe polish which can affect the overall health of the

user. The selection of the subject is limited only to black leather or all-rubber shoes. The

study is to be conducted in M.C Briones St. Ibabao Estancia, Mandaue City. This

8
research is designed to be cheap and effective alternative shoe polish and prevent health

complications due to inhaling the smell of the usual shoe polish. This study is about

investigatory project of charcoal as a shoe polish. This study shows that charcoal has the

most common characteristic of shoe polish and can be the main ingredients of shoe

polish. The creativeness of each people also helps to teach people to create their own

shoe polish made out of charcoals that can address from their needs. This study also

focuses mainly to the black leather shoes users. In terms of health issues and financial,

financial because some of the shoe polishes are pricy and in health because of the smell

of the shoe polish it may affect the users. This research is designed to have an alternative

solution that in every person uses pricy shoe polish and suffer health complications. This

can be done by do it your own polish with just three basic simple procedures.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the researchers gave several

terms that were defined conceptually and operationally as used in the study.

APPEARANCE

The overall look of the polished shoe being observed and evaluated for shoes.

CHARCOAL

A substance also presents in the product which serves as a blackening age.

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KIWI SHOE POLISH

The commercialized shoe polish product that being used in the study.

LEATHER

The material of the shoe where polish is applied Color- the characteristic of the

shoe being observed and compared after the process of polishing.

OLIVE OIL

An oil pressed from ripe olives used by the researchers as an ingredient for the

product.

POLISH

Process of making the surface shiny or smooth by rubbing it.

SHOES

A covering for the foot, typically made of leather.

SMELL

The characteristic of the polished shoe used for comparison for the control and

experimental polish.

VANILLA EXTRACT

Solution made by macerating and percolating vanilla.

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SMELL

The characteristic of the polished shoe used for comparison for the control and

experimental polish.

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 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter aim to present a summary of research findings related to the feasibility

of charcoal and olive oil as an alternative shoe polish that is inexpensive and easy to

make. In addition, the concern of the research is to cite different similar studies that can

be able to fully understand the concept of the study.

Related Theory

The polish theory where GNU free documentation license states that a polish is a

vigorous rubbing action to apply evenly on the leather shoes, followed by further buffing

with a clean dry cloth or brush, usually provides good results. It also stated that polish is

usually made from the ingredients including some of naphtha, lanolin, turpentine, wax,

gum arabic, ethylene glycol, and if required a colourant, such as carbon black or an azo

dye a substance composed of a number of partially immiscible liquids and solids mixed

together. It is said to be used in dyeing textile fibres, particularly cotton but also silk,

wool, viscose and synthetic fibres. They are considered to be easy to use, relatively cheap

and to provide clear, strong colours. The high amount of volatile substances means that

polish will dry out and harden after application, while retaining its shine.

According to Jeany Lou, oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid state(oily) with

an ambient temperature or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with

water) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils literally). This general definition includes

compound classes to unrelated chemical structures, properties, and uses, includes

12
vegetable oils, petrochemical oils and viotile essential oil. Oil is a nonpolar substance.

That concludes our study that oil can be an alternative polish.

Research Literature

Shoes have always been a trend in the population. Susan Cachel, an anthropologist

at Rutgers University in New Jersey, found out that humans started to wear shoes about

40,000 years ago. Shoes were made of plant materials, wood, ivory, metal, and

sometimes animal skin (Patel, 2018). The first recorded history of man using leather

shoes was dated way back circa 1600 to 1200 BC in Mesopotamia (Bellis, 2019). Since

medieval times, dubbin, a product similar to shoe polish, was used in waterproofing and

softening leather. However, it did not have the ability to impart a shine to shoes. In the

18th century, leather with high natural veneer became popular. Because of this, a high

glossy finish cleaner became important particularly on shoes and boots. A variety of

home-made polish were made to provide a high glossy finish. Prior to 1903, shoe polish

was not well-known as a purchasable product. The practice of shining shoes caught up

and many shoeshine boys offer shoe shining using a basic mixture of shoe polish applied

using a polishing cloth (Blanco & Bull, 2013).

As years pass by, presentability is highly observed. First impressions are always

long-lasting. In 2014, Society for Personality and Social Psychology suggests that first

impressions are so powerful that even facts cannot change it. Nicholas Rule, a Ph.D. of

the University of Toronto, said that ―We judge books by their covers, and we can’t help
13
but do it,‖. First impressions are formed when a person sees another person for the first

time.

The Idaho Statesman (1899) wrote the saying ―You can judge a man by his shoes‖.

The adage is not only applicable way back then but also in the present time. An article

entitled ―Shoes as a source of first impressions‖ written by Gillath, et al. (2012) in the

Journal of Research of Personality showed that shoes can be used to evaluate other

people. These researches suggest that the cleanliness of a person’s shoes reflect their

personality and affect other people’s first impression toward the person.

There are many methods in cleaning different footwear. Rubbing petroleum jelly,

brushing stains, applying baking soda or vinegar are one of the few ways to give worn

shoes makeover to make them look presentable according to an article written by

Laliberte in Reader’s Digest. The goal of these methods is to remove the dirt and stains

from shoes. However, these methods do not produce shine and waterproofing to shoes.

One of the ways to clean shoes is through the use of shoe polish. Shoe polish is a

waxy paste, cream, or liquid, used to polish, shine and waterproof shoes. According to

Rowling (2017), there are different components in a shoe polish. The following are the

components of shoe polish: wax, naphtha, dye, lanolin, and gum Arabic. Common

household items such as candle wax (Richter, 2017), charcoal, olive oil (Yunghans,

2009), and vanilla extract can be used as substitute ingredients in making shoe polish.

According to a research conducted by Hillary Marshal (2017), some commercial

polishes have neurotoxic chemicals that can both be inhaled and absorbed through the
14
skin. The chemicals can cause irritation and are linked to a host of health risks. Making

organic shoe polish removes the need for potentially dangerous chemicals found in

commercial shoe polish.

There are a lot of literature about substitute ingredients for making different

shoe-cleaning products. However, since the focus of this study is on making shoe polish

using charcoal, olive oil, and vanilla extract, these will only be referred to as appropriate

and will not be reviewed in detail.

Charcoals are carbon materials that can be made by heating wood or any other

organic substances in a place where air is absent. The absence of air makes the

composition blackened but leaves the wood’s structure intact. Charcoal is one of the best

ingredients used for making shoe polish because of its black color and chemical

composition. In 2004, researcher Jeong-Sook Lee conducted a research on natural dyeing

of cotton fabrics using charcoal. The results of the study showed that powdered charcoal

can be used as a dye.

Olive oils come from pressed ripe olives which are obtained traditional tree crop

on the Mediterranean Basin which are the Olive trees. Olive oil is the best moisturizer

and alternative for shoe polish according to the Reindeer Leather (2018). A little amount

of olive oil can make the appearance of leather look new.

Similarly, Estrada (2019), an expert in leather care, states that though there are

controversies surrounding some oils to be bad in leather conditioners, some oils like mink

oil, lemon oil, leather honey oil, coconut oil, and virgin olive oil are good. These are oil
15
options that are recommended for leather care. These oils are recommended to be used

with instructions from leather care experts to ensure that the leather will remain in high

quality.

According to Leather Milk (2016), leather can be over-conditioned. Leather is ―a

living creature that breathes and ages‖. Given the right materials to absorb, it becomes

stronger. If it is exposed to bad things, it will grow weaker. Leather absorbs substances

through its tiny pores and too much oil applied can block the pores of the leather. The

excess oil cannot be absorbed by the leather and it would become greasy and would rot

the fibers to a disgusting clump.

Vanilla extract is a flavoring prepared from vanilla beans macerated in alcohol.

DIY websites like nofussnatural.com and housewifehowtos.com use vanilla extract as an

ingredient for homemade air fresheners to have a fragrant smell in their homes.

According to the team from Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare in Okayama

Prefecture, western Japan (2019), vanillin, a key element of vanilla, has pain-relieving

effects when tested on mice. The research shows that mice became less sensitive to pain

after inhaling vanillin. Ueno, a member of the team of researchers said that ―it would be

difficult to look for the same effects (of vanilla scent) in humans because sense of smell

is subjective,‖ He added that the nervous system of humans and mice have similarities so

inhaling vanillin can possibly ease symptoms like shoulder stiffness and nerve pain in the

human body.

16
 One of the ways to clean and extend the of leather shoes is to polish them.

Having clean and shiny shoes makes a person look presentable and leaves a good

impression to other people. Shoe polish has different components such as wax, naphtha,

dye, lanolin, and gum Arabic. Some of these ingredients can be substituted with charcoal,

olive oil, and vanilla extract. Using organic ingredients for shoe polish can help avoid

possible health risks due to dangerous chemicals used in commercial shoe polish.

Charcoal can be used as a substitute for dye in a shoe polish. Olive oil can make leather

shine but should be applied sparingly. Vanilla extract can be used for the scent of the

organic shoe polish. Vanilla extract may have positive effects on people because it has

pain-relieving properties.

The researchers have found a gap in existing literature in which there are few to

no research about the effects of vanilla extract when applied to leather. There are also few

to no research about charcoal being applied to leather as dye. This experimental research

seeks the possible effects of vanilla extract and charcoal to leather.

Related Study

According to Leather-Dictionary (2019), A wide variety of leathers are used to

make shoe uppers and it's not always easy to clearly differentiate between the types. The

study investigated that the most common types of leather are pigmented smooth

leather (pigment binder coating on the grain side), aniline leather (open pore grain side

leather), waxed or oiled leather, suede and nubuck. Vegetable-tanned cow hide is
17
commonly processed for sole leather. In Europe, footwear manufacturers are required to

clearly state the type of materials and processes.

A similar study of PETA (2019), they conducted a thorough investigation about the

environmental hazards of leather and proved that some leather makers deceptively tout

their products as ―eco-friendly,‖ turning skin into leather also requires massive amounts

of energy and dangerous chemicals, including mineral salts, formaldehyde, coal-tar

derivatives, and various oils, dyes, and finishes, some of them cyanide-based. Most

leather produced in the U.S. is chrome-tanned, and all wastes containing chromium are

considered hazardous by the EPA. Tannery effluent contains large amounts of pollutants,

such as salt, lime sludge, sulfides, and acids. The process of tanning stabilizes the

collagen or protein fibers in skins so that they actually stop biodegrading—otherwise, the

leather would rot right in your closet. They tested the arsenic which resulted into a

common tannery chemical, has long been associated with lung cancer in workers who are

exposed to it on a regular basis. Studies of leather-tannery workers in Sweden and Italy

found cancer risks ―between 20% and 50% above [those] expected.‖ The study concluded

that the production of leather hurts animals, the environment, and the workers who

manufacture it. The only ones who benefit are people who profit from the misery and

suffering of others. Thankfully, there are plenty of sustainable vegan leather options to

choose from today that mimic the properties of leather without the cruelty to animals or

environmental devastation.

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 The study conducted by Schools Wikipedia Selection (2007), investigated the

composition and toxicology of the commercial shoe polish consists of a

waxy colloidal emulsion, a substance composed of a number of partially immiscible

liquids and solids mixed together. It is usually made from ingredients including some or

all of naphtha, lanolin, turpentine, wax (often Carnauba wax), gum Arabic, ethylene

glycol, and if required a colorant, such as carbon black or an azo dye (such as aniline

yellow). It typically has a specific gravity of 0.8, is negligibly soluble in water, and is

made of between 65 and 77% volatiles usually naphtha. They found out that the

commercial shoe polish contains chemicals which can be absorbed through the skin, or

inhaled. When handling the shoe polish, one should ideally wear gloves, and stay in

a well-ventilated area. They found that commercial shoe polish should also be kept out of

reach of children and animals. It can stain the skin for a protracted period of time, and

will cause irritation to the eye if there is direct contact.

Another study was taken to differentiate the performance of shoe polishes

formulated from polyethylene and carbon black. Their result demonstrate that

polyethylene pigment was found to form a good and compatible formula in the

production of shoe polish. Its shoe polish exhibited soft texture, dark hue, and very good

wrinkle resistance comparable to carbon black and commercial shoe polishes (X1 and

X2). It was found in their study that the use of polythene pigment in shoe polish

production is hereby recommended as it will reduce extensively, the level of pollution,

19
which arises as a result of indiscriminate disposal of ―pure water sachet‖ in our

environment. (Gumel et al., 2011, p. 42-44)

The study conducted by the Third-Year students from Our Lady of Caysasay

Academy Bagsic et al. (2012), stated that they were very successful in their project

because of their accurate information and precise procedures they performed, which

attracted the group in doing the same project. They stated that in their own Review of

Related Literature, they have searched the websites of renowned scientific bodies and

showed that from these websites, coconut husks do in fact have properties that can be

used as shoe polish. It contains special properties that can improve shoe quality. This

information was their basis on building a successful project.

Another study conducted by Goldwynn (2018) entitled ―The Science of Charcoal:

How Charcoal is Made and How Charcoal Works‖ states that a good charcoal is mostly

pure carbon, called char, made by cooking wood in a low oxygen environment, a process

that can take days and burns off volatile compounds such as water, methane, hydrogen,

and tar. In commercial processing, the burning takes place in large concrete or steel silos

with very little oxygen, and stops before it all turns to ash. The process leaves black

lumps and powder, about 25% of the original weight.mere heating of a substance like

charcoal to, say 400°, with exposure to an ordinary vacuum, will completely remove

previously sorbed gases. It was revealed in the University of Bristol laboratory by the

simple and searching method of the sorption balance (for description see J. Am. Chem.

Soc., 1924, 46, 2781, and March 1926, 48, 690) since they used the substance charcoal as

20
their basis to observed sorption of such inert substances as hexane or decane may be

increased several fold by repeating the evacuation after the charcoal has been saturated

with the hexane or decane to displace other impurities from the surface.

A similar study by Missio & Mattos et al. (2013) stated in the Journal of Wood

Science entitled, ―Thermal Analysis of Charcoal from Fast-Growing Eucalypt Wood:

Influence of Raw Material Moisture Content‖ proves and were statistically analyzed for

charcoal yield, non-condensable gases, liquor, and fixed carbon and properties: fixed

carbon content, volatile, ash, bulk density, and moisture content of charcoal. According

to the results, the charcoal produced from dry wood presented the highest properties, yet

the charcoal produced from wood with 30% moisture content showed similar properties.

A large proportion of the area utilized for charcoal production has the potential for

rapid forest recovery especially with good post-harvest management. The failure of past

charcoal policies to address environmental impacts and achieve sustainability can be

attributed to erroneous assumptions and predictions by national and international

organizations regarding wood-based fuels. Possible ways of enhancing charcoal policies’

legitimacy and therefore effective implementation are multi-stakeholder participation and

demonstration of coherence with globally recognized principles, goals and relevant

international regimes, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In this way

charcoal production can significantly contribute to poverty reduction and environmental

sustainability (Chidumayo, 2012)

21
 The study conducted by Leech (2018), investigated the benefits of Olive Oil to a

person’s health proves that the predominant fatty acid in olive oil is a monounsaturated

fat known as oleic acid, making up 73% of the total oil content.

They have suggested that oleic acid reduces inflammation and may even have beneficial

effects on genes linked to cancer.

A study made by Chelsilla (2014), state that a modern polish formulate were

introduced early in the 20th century and some products from that era are still in use

today. It was said that shoe polish is usually made from a mix of natural and synthetic

materials, including naphtha, turpentine, dyes, and gum Arabic, using straightforward

chemical engineering processes. The study concluded that commercial shoe polish can be

toxic and if misused, can stain the skin. They have presented an example in their study

about the Banana Fruit that is the common name for a fruit and also the herbaceous plants

of the genus Musa which produce the commonly eaten fruit. They are cultivated

primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent for the production of fiber and as

ornamental plants.

According to Scheidies (2017), concluded that in order for a leather shoes to

continue to look good, they need to be polished regularly. But shoe polish may contain

products dangerous to one's health. They have presented data that study about such

carcinogens as nitrobenzene, trichloroethylene and methylene chloride. The study highly

suggested that using natural alternatives to store-bought shoe polish can be devised from

common household items.

22
 A similar study made by Ching-tang Wang (2013), the researcher composed a

method for manufacturing a synthetic animal skin to make leathers includes mixed

spinning an island chemical compound and an ocean polymer having a distinct dissolving

property from that of the island polymer at a planned temperature, manufacturing a non-

woven substrate from the fiber obtained, immersing the non-woven substrate into a

chemical compound, dissolving and removing the ocean chemical compound within the

non-woven substrate to get a synthetic animal skin as a semi-finished product, and

sharpening the surface of the substitute animal skin to get a synthetic leather having

glorious dyeability and advanced fluff-like property. The quantitative relation of soften

flow index of the ocean chemical compound to relative consistence of the island polymer

is regarding twenty to about fifty five, during which the relative consistence of the island

chemical compound is regarding two.7 to regarding three.5 and also the weight share of

the ocean chemical compound relative to the total of the sea polymer and the island

polymer is regarding half-hour to about seventieth.

23
Conceptual Framework

The Polish Theory

Shoe Polish

Charcoal Shoe Commercial

Polish Shoe Polish

Appearance Smell

Color

Analysis of Data

Conclusion

Recommendation

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of Conceptual Framework

24
 The Conceptual Framework in figure 1 utilized the following variations in order to

conduct the experiment. The Polish Theory states that a polish is a vigorous rubbing

action to apply evenly on the boot, followed by further buffing with a clean dry cloth or

brush, usually provides good result. The researchers used Charcoal as an alternative

ingredient for Shoe Polish and to compare it with the Commercial Shoe Polish. The

researchers collected the data, by testing the appearance, color and smell. In addition, the

researchers showed their understanding on the investigation made. Through the different

findings of the study, the researchers finally formulated a conclusion that answered the

main problem of the study. Recommendation were then given for the improvement of this

research.

25
 CHAPTER 3

Research Methodology

This chapter gives an outline of research methods that were followed in the study.

It provides information on the participants, that is, the criteria for inclusion in the study,

who the participants were and how they were sampled. The research design discusses the

strategy used in this study, the research locale where the study was being conducted,

research respondents, the research instrument that was used for data collection is also

described and the procedures that were followed to carry out this study are included.

Research Design

The researchers used utilized a true experimental design. It determines the

cause of having charcoal and olive oil as a substitute shoe polish and the effects of having

kind of research. The charcoal is composed of in organic compound and carbon which

can be used by any. This research is focused on how olive oil and charcoal mixed that can

be made as shoe polish. However, the research was examined and observe by the

researchers with trial and error on the effective way that having charcoal as for shoe

polish by conducting this study. The charcoal mixed with olive oil can give the

luminance effects as it shines in the applied area in the shoes.

Research Locale

The researchers conducted the research investigatory located in M.C. Brinoes St

Ibabao – Estancia Mandaue City and in University of Cebu – Banilad located in 6000

Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu. The researchers choose the location for the
26
safety of all researchers and has it all materials needed to conduct the study and it is

secure for the safety of researchers. It has also a convenient space for performing the

experiment.

Ibabao-Estancia. The double-barreled barangay of Ibabao-Estancia was once one

with the poblacion. It is situated at its northern portion; here a road cuts through the heart

of Mandaue and leads straight up to Daanbantayan municipality in northern Cebu. When

people would go to this northern part of the poblacion they say, ―Mo adto ako sa

Ibabaw,‖ (I will go to the upper part).

The University of Cebu (UC) is an educational institution in Cebu City,

Philippines was founded by 1964 by Attorney Augusto W. Go, offering preschool, grade

school, junior & senior high school, undergraduate

degrees, and post-graduate degrees. It has also four campuses the University of Lapu-

Lapu, Mandaue campus, University of Cebu -Banilad campus, University of Cebu- main

campus, and University of Cebu -Mambaling campus.

Figure 2. Location of map of M.C Briones St. Ibabao-Estancia Mandaue City

27
Figure 3. Location Map of University of Cebu – Banilad, Cebu City

Research Respondents

This study utilized the sampling random technique in which the researchers picked

45 respondents from Grade 12 STEM students, boys and girls from University of Cebu-

Banilad Campus to evaluate which among the odor and appearance are generally

pleasing.

Research Instrument

In gathering the data, the researchers utilized two instruments. In terms of odor,

the researchers used survey questionnaires that contains rating of 1 to 5, whereas 1 as

non-detectable, a as slight, 3 as moderate, 4 as strong, and 5 as very strong. In terms of

28
appearance, the researchers gathered 2 sets of black leathers with charcoal shoe polish

and commercial kiwi shoe polish to determine which among the two samples had

the best effect.

29
Research Materials and Equipment

QUANTITY ITEM PICTURE USAGE

It was used as

1 ½ tsp Powdered an alternative

Charcoal ingredient in

making shoe

polish

It was used to
31.18 g Vanilla
improve the
Extract
smell of the

shoe polish

It was used as
32 oz Olive Oil
an alternative

ingredient to

add shine on

the shoe

polish

30
1 Mortar and The mortar

pestle and pestle

was used to

grind the

charcoal

A sponge was
1 Sponge
used for

applying the

finish product

to the leather

shoes

4 Container It was used to

store the

finish product

1 Teasponn A teaspoon

was used to

measure the

amount of the

31
 powdered

charcoal

1 Measuring A measuring

Cup cup was used

to measure

the amount of

the vanilla

extract and

olive oil

The leather
2 Leather Shoes
shoes was

used to test

the

effectiveness

of the product

32
Research Procedure

Gathering the Materials

The researchers gathered cleaned charcoal from Mandaue Public Market

and the researchers collected the olive oil and the vanilla extract at one of the

researcher’s house in Sitio Pajo, Mandaue City.

Making the Charcoal Shoe Polish

First, the materials needed were prepared and set in their designated areas.

Then the researchers pour the 2.8 ounces (79.38 grams) of olive oil into the bowl

and 1.1 ounce (31.18 grams) of vanilla extract. Stir the olive oil and the vanillas

extract for 1 minute so that it blends together. Then, the cleaned charcoal was

placed in a mortar and pestle to grind the charcoal. The researcher later on added

the 1 ½ teaspoon of grind charcoal into the bowl of olive oil and vanilla extract.

Stir it for like 3 minutes. Right after, pour the mixture into a small container. The

researchers made sure that the container is large enough to hold all of the charcoal

shoe polish. Tiny glass jars and candle tins work best. The process of the whole

making of the charcoal shoe polish was timed 20 minutes.

Applying the Charcoal Shoe Polish in Leather Shoes

In applying the charcoal shoe polish in the different kinds of black leathers,

a measurement of ½ teaspoon is enough to clean and make the leathers shinier.

Testing the Charcoal Shoe Polish and the Commercial Shoe Polish/ Kiwi Shoe

Polish
33
 The researchers tested the charcoal shoe polish and the commercial shoe

polish which is the Kiwi shoe polish in a two different black leather to obtain

clearer results.

Odor

Upon investigating the odor of the product, the researchers conducted a

survey and the respondents were to rate from 1 to 5. One (1) not detectable, two

(2) as slight, three (3) as moderate, four (4) as strong, and five (5) as very strong.

The respondents were to test the odor of the product by using their sense of smell.

Shine

The two different shoe polishes (Charcoal shoe polish & Kiwi shoe polish)

were being applied on the black leather shoes separately. It is to test the

effectiveness of the shoe polish on leather shoes.

Statistical Treatment

1. For problem number 1-3, T-test was utilized.

̅ ̅
t
√

where:

t = computed t-test,

̅ = mean of the first group,

34
 ̅ = mean of the second group,

s1 = standard deviation of the first group,

s2 = standard deviation of the second group,

n1 = number of samples for the first group, and

n2 = number of samples for the second group.

The statistical treatment t-test formula is utilized in the study.

Observational analysis was the tool that gave the researchers the

appropriate findings that answered the main problem of the study. The T-

test was used in the calculations and computations in the presentation. It

was used to analyze data between two groups and was utilized in problems

1 to 3.

35
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