Part 2: What motor driver should I use?

• The H-Bridge & construction

• How to select a motor driver
• Motor driver with integrated FET versus gate driver

Matt Hein
Innocent Irakoze
Date: Nov 6th, 2018
 Blog: Not so risky business:
The H-bridge: discrete ½-H discrete vs. integrated
ti.com/motordrivers
E2E Forum
BJT Circuit NMOS & PMOS NMOS & NMOS
24V 24V 24V + 10V 24V
Integrated Gate Driver
FET Driver TIDA-01389
TIDA-01588
PMOS NMOS

OUT OUT OUT

INH INH

INL NMOS NMOS

INH

nINL nINL

Low voltage BJTs are

PMOS MOSFETs are 2.5 ~ 3.0x Where do we get this
much less efficient than
larger than NMOS MOSFETs extra supply from?
MOSFETs
2
 The H-bridge: charge pump and bootstrap
ti.com/motordrivers
E2E Forum
Bootstrap Circuit Generate from Charge Pump Circuit
24V 10V LDO, DC/DC, or 24V
charge pump 34V Charge
Pump

OUT OUT

DRV8412 DRV8844

INH INH

Downside: can’t support Downside: difficult to

100% duty cycle, need implement in discrete,
extra supply lower efficiency
3
 The H-bridge: charge pump and bootstrap
ti.com/motordrivers
E2E Forum
Bootstrap Circuit with Trickle Charge Pump
24V
Trickle charge pump keeps Charge
Pump LDO
MOSFET enhanced 10V Bootstrap provides
primary charge

OUT

BOOSTXL-DRV8301
INH

Downside: complexity,
can only implement in
an integrated circuit
4
The H-bridge: motor types
Brushed-DC Brushless-DC
TIDA-00786 TIDA-00827
24V

24V 24V
24V

Gate Driver
INH
Gate Driver

Gate Driver
INL
INH INH

Gate Driver
BDC INH
INL INL
INL

Gate Driver
INH
INL

TIDA-00875
TIDA-01362

+ single-phase Brushless-DC + three-phase stepper motor

5
The H-bridge: motor types
Stepper motor
24V
TIDA-00867

24V
TIDA-010004

Gate Driver
INH
INL

+
M

Gate Driver
INH

-
INL

Gate Driver
INH
+ -
INL

Gate Driver
INH
INL

6
 The H-bridge: peripheral circuits
TIDA-00656
Integrated FET Gate Driver
24V 24V
TIDA-01629

Charge Power Power LDO or DC/DC

Charge
Power LDO or DC/DC
Pump Management Pump

Motor Control
Motor Control

Gate Driver
Gate Driver

Logic Table
Logic Table

IN OUT IN OUT

TIDA-01516
Sense Current Sense
Sense Amplifier Sense Amplifier
DRV8873 Sensing

7
Motor drivers
ti.com/motordrivers

Reduce
• Cost
• Debugging time
Increase
• System efficiency
• Motor drive smoothness
• Performance

8
 Selection: motor type
Brushed-DC motor Stepper DC motor Brushless-DC motor
Pros Pros Pros
• Cost • Cost • Operational life & reliability
• Easy to drive • Simple control interface • Low EMI & efficiency

Cons Cons Cons

• Maintenance • Noise & resonance • Complex drive design
• EMI • High Heat & inefficiency • Cost

Applications Applications Applications

• Automatic gates
• Electronic door locks
• Home robots
• Automotive body motors
• Shut off valves
• Security cameras • Power & garden tools
• Printers • Appliance pumps and fans
• Refrigerator • Cordless vacuum cleaners
• EPOS and banking automation • E-bikes
• Adaptive headlights in cars • Automotive powertrain & safety motors

9
Selection: ratings
• Qualification & ratings
• Catalog (commercial & industrial) – Brushed-DC, Stepper, Brushless-DC
• AEC-Q100 (Automotive) – Brushed, Brushless-DC
• EP (Enhanced products)
• QMLQ, QMLV, QMLV-RHA (Military & Space)

• Operating Temperature Range:

• -40 C to 85°C (Catalog)
• -40 C to 125°C (Catalog, AEC-Q100)
• -40 C to 150°C (AEC-Q100) – DRV8305-Q1
• -55 C to 125°C (EP, QMLQ, QMLV)
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Selection: voltage
• The supply voltage applied to the motor
• Commonly called Vs, VM, PVDD, VBB, VBAT
• Examples: 24 V from wall outlet, 6-cell lithium-
ion battery, 2x AAA alkaline battery
• Typical supply variation: 24V ±10%, 14 - 21V
• Additional supply variation caused by motor
• Motor inrush current (supply droop)
• Motor coasting (supply pump)
• Determine minimum and maximum voltage
range acceptable for your system
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Selection: current
• Current relates to the motor power
• Peak current: maximum possible current
when driving the motor
• If current lasts longer than tens of
milliseconds, it is probably closer to
an RMS current
• RMS, average or continuous current:
typical current in the motor
• Relates to thermal performance
• High power systems – use a gate driver
12
Motor Driver Topologies

Gate Driver Control + Gate Driver

• Scalable/Higher Currents • Reduced Board Space • Scalable/Higher Currents • Reduced Board Space
• High Control Flexibility • Full Protection • High Control Flexibility • Full Protection

DRVx DRVx
Gate Driver Gate Driver
Control Feedback FETs Control Feedback FETs
Protection Protection

DRV8703-Q1 DRV8306

Integrated FET Full Integration

• Small Board Space • Excellent Performance • Smallest Board Space • Excellent Performance
• Easy to Design • Full Protection and • Single Chip Solution • Full Protection and
Optimization Optimization

DRVx DRVx
Gate Driver Gate Driver
Control Feedback FETs Control Feedback FETs
Protection Protection

DRV8847 DRV10987

13
Selection: integrated driver vs gate driver
TIDA-00827
TIDA-01496
• Integrated driver: MOSFETs are included
• Low to mid-power applications
• Easy schematic & schematic
• Simple system design
• Parameters: Peak Current & RDS(ON)
TIDA-01485
• Gate driver: MOSFETs required outside
• Can support high power
• Better thermal performance
• Selectable & scalable power
• Parameters: Gate Drive Current
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Selection: integrated driver vs gate driver
• Integrated driver: MOSFETs are included • Gate driver: MOSFETs required outside

TIDA-01588

TIDA-00620
Brushed-DC motor Driver Brushed-DC motor driver
DRV8870, 3.6-A peak DRV8701 & CSD18540Q5B,
27-A rms
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Selection: integrated driver vs gate driver
• Integrated driver: MOSFETs are included • Gate driver: MOSFETs required outside

TIDA-01588

DRV8886ATEVM

TIDA-00736
Stepper motor driver Stepper motor driver
DRV8886AT, 1.4-A rms DRV8711 & CSD18531Q5A,
4.0-A rms
16
Thank you