History Booklet

Ana Bellomo
3rd year
[Date]
Modelos de preparación para History
Source Analysis
(Source)

STEP 1: LET’S THINK AND OBSERVE

To think before analyzing the source:

1. When was the source created?

2. Does it speak about an event that is happening at the time or a past event?
3. Who created the source?
4. Do you think it to be a reliable source or an unreliable one? Why? Can you spot evidence for your
answer?
5. (If it has one) Which is the title of the source? Is it trying to say something?

To think after analyzing the source:

1. What can you see/read in the source? Describe literally

2. (If it’s a written source) What kind of words does it use? Are they formal? Do they exaggerate things?
Give examples
3. (If it’s a picture) Which colors does it have? Which are the countries/elements shown? Which are the
expressions?
4. Does it take sides? Does it promote a person or idea? Does it go against something or someone? Where
in the source can you see these things?
5. What is the source trying to say?

STEP 2:

Describe the source

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What’s the author trying to say?

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Is it primary or secondary? Why? Is it reliable or unreliable? Why?

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 Essays
STEP 1: PLAN
Pre-Planning

1. Which years is the question speaking of? What happened in those years?
2. Which is the relevant information for this question? Make a short list of bullet points.
3. How are you going to organize the information? What goes into which paragraph?

What’s the question asking? Is it an agree-disagree? Then say how far.

Explain in a few words.
Introduction

IN THE INTRODUCTION YOU NEED TO ANSWER THE QUESTION (How far do you agree) SO FOCUS ON ANSWERING THAT.

Connectors for the introduction: In this essay; In the year…; I fully/partially agree/disagree with this statement
because…
Organize the information into paragraphs to make your point. Which information is going to be key to making your point?
Key: place all the pros together and the cons in other paragraph, or the different points of view need to be clearly divided.

YOU NEED TO CREATE ARGUMENTS: DESCRIBE HISTORIC EVENTS AND SHOW HOW THEY SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER (how far
do you agree).

FOR EXAMPLE: The Battle of Marne was one of the most decisive events of the WWI because the countries reached the
stalemate. This means that neither could make a winning move, they were stuck. This is a decisive event because after the
stalemate, the countries started fighting a still war, and for the first time in history the trenches were created. For this reason, I
partially agree with the statement that the Schlieffen plan was the most significant event of the WWI.
Body

Essays need to have at least 3 paragraphs:

1: argument on one side (agreeing or disagreeing, you can choose)

2: argument, on the same side as the previous one

3: one counterargument to balance your opinion

Connectors for the body: On the one hand, on the other hand; First, second third; To begin with, in addition, finally; One
point of view, another point of view.
Summarize the points you gave and how you got to that conclusion. Go back to the introduction and explain why you agree,
Ending

disagree or partially agree with the statement.

Connectors for the ending: To sum up; to conclude with; in conclusion; As we can see.

STEP 2: WRITE!
Country Alliance Interests
Country Alliance Interests
Observe source 6:

What can you see in the source? Describe it literaly. Which are
the countries involved? What can you read?

What does the epigraph say? Why do you think the picture is
showing this? What is it trying to say?
 Read these two sources and answer the questions:

1. What are the sources saying? Explain in your own words what you read, DO NOT ANALYZE IT, just
describe what you read.

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2. What is source 10 trying to show? What does the epigraph say? Is it a reliable source? Why?

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3. What is source 11 trying to show? What does the epigraph say? Is it a reliable source? Why?

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4. Compare the two sources. Do you think Britain was overreacting? What makes you think that?

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5. Why was Britain concerned by Germany’s naval plans? Use the source to support your answer

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6. How did Germany react to Britain’s concerns? Use the source to support your answer?

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7. Time to reflect… Do you think that either country was acting unreasonable? Give your reasons.

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 1. Let’s analyze this source

2. What does the epigraph say? (Who, when, why, how, where, what)

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3. Describe literally what the source says.

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4. What does the source show? What was going on in the historic background that helps us understand the
source?

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2. Complete the chart with the information from the arms race.
The Balkans in 1908

The Balkans in their glory: around the 1500

The Balkans in 1912-1913 after the independence wars from the Ottoman Empire
Tensions between the major powers of Europe increased in the early twentieth century.

(a) Describe the arms race before the First World War. [4]

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(b) Explain: Why were Britain and France concerned about Germany’s involvement in Morocco? [6]

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(c) ‘It was the Alliance System that turned the crisis of July 1914 into a European war.’ How far do you agree
with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

Introduction:
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Argument 1:

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Argument 2:
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Counter- Argument:

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Conclusion:

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Witness Which verdict does the witness support? What evidence does the witness give to support the viewpoint? Can I trust the witness? Why?

Witness 1

Witness 2

Witness 3

Witness 4

Witness 5

Witness 6

Witness7

Witness 8

Witness 9
In the early part of the twentieth century Europe drifted towards war.

(a) What was the Alliance System? [4]

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(b) Why was there a crisis over Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908–9? [6]

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(c) ‘Austria and Russia were equally to blame for the outbreak of the First World War.’ How far do you agree
with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

Introduction:
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Argument 1:

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Argument 2:
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Counter- Argument:

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Conclusion:

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How far do you agree with this statement: “Poison gas was the single discovery that harmed the soldiers
morale the most”? Justify your answer

Introduction:
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Argument 1:

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Argument 2:
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Counter- Argument:

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Conclusion:

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 “The tanks were the most important technological improvement during the WWI” How far do you agree
with the statement? Justify your answer.

Introduction:
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Argument 1:

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Argument 2:
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Counter- Argument:

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Conclusion:

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Use the sources to explain how was life like in the trenches. Use quotes, the information from the book and make
sure you write something complete and paragraphs with meaning and coherence.

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Describe the source, what do you see?
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What’s the author trying to say? How do you know that? Use the information from the source to answer.
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What can it tell us about the context? How does it help us understand the historic moment?

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Is it primary or secondary? Why? Is it reliable or unreliable? Why?

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 “Gallipoli was a total failure” How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. Use the
sources 2 to 14 to support your answer.

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Use the sources 3 to 14 and explain why each one Is useful.

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 “The war at the sea was more important than the Western Front” How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer.

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 The war at land, the war at sea and the war in the air were not separate. They were interconnected with
each other.

1. Complete the table in pairs:

Developments On land In the air At sea

The machine
gun

The torpedo

Poison gas

Fighter
aircraft
 2. Indicate how each force was important in each event of the following:

Events Land Sea Air

The defeat of
Germany in
1918

The invasion in
Gallipoli

The blockade
of Germany
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0470/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(a) What was the Alliance System? 4

Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail 1–4

e.g. ‘It divided Europe into two power blocs.’

‘The Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria and Italy.’
‘The Triple Entente between Britain, France and Russia.’
‘Countries in an alliance promised to support each other if they were attacked.’
‘Many alliances contained secret clauses which increased international tension and suspicion.’
‘It had the effect of spreading disputes to involve more countries.’

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question 0

© UCLES 2019 Page 17 of 95

0470/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(b) Why was there a crisis over Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908–9? 6

Level 4 Explains TWO reasons 6

Level 3 Explains ONE reason 4–5

(Four marks for one explanation, five marks for full explanation)

e.g. ‘There was a crisis because gradually Austria had taken more and more control over Bosnia and Herzegovina. However,
a new pro-Russian regime in Serbia also wanted to take them over. This meant that relations between Austria and Serbia
grew worse. When Austria annexed the two territories in 1908, Serbia protested strongly and thought it would be supported by
Russia.’

Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes reasons 2–3

(One mark for each identification/description)

e.g. ‘In 1908, Russia and Austria met and the Austrians claimed that Russia had agreed to the annexation.’
‘The Russians claimed that in the meeting there was no hint that the annexation would happen soon.’
‘Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina.’
‘Serbia had claims over the two provinces as well.’
‘Russia and Serbia protested when Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina.’
‘There was a possibility that Serbia would declare war on Austria in 1908.’
‘Russia was unwilling to go to war to support Serbia, leaving Serbia looking for revenge.’
‘The alliance system meant Britain and France became involved.’

Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge 1

e.g. ‘There was a crisis because it created much tension in a difficult situation.’

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question 0

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0470/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(c) ‘Austria and Russia were equally to blame for the outbreak of the First World War.’ How far do you agree with this 10
statement? Explain your answer.

Level 5 Explains with evaluation 10

As Level 4 plus evaluation.

Level 4 Explanation of both sides 7–9

A L4 answer will have a minimum of three explanations (2 on one side; 1 on the other). This will be worth a mark of 7.
Fuller explanation of one issue to be given two marks.
An answer which only has one explanation on one side of the argument cannot be awarded more than 8.

Level 3 One-sided explanation OR one explanation of both sides 5 to 6 marks 4–6

More detailed explanation of one issue to be given two marks.

e.g. ‘I think Austria was mainly to blame. It was afraid its empire was disintegrating. It saw Russia’s ambitions in the Balkans
and Serb nationalism as the two big threats. When Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serb group,
this gave Austria its chance to have a limited war against Serbia. It hoped that German support would persuade Russia not to
get involved. Austria thought this was an opportunity to deal with Serbia. The demands it made of Serbia were impossible to
fulfil and it was clear Austria was using it all as an excuse for aggression against Serbia. When Serbia did not agree to all the
demands, Austria quickly declared war on Serbia. It was not long before Russia, Germany, France and Britain were dragged
in.’
OR
e.g. ‘It was Russia’s support for Serbia that caused the First World War. Russia was stirring up the Slavs and Serbia would
never have gone as far as it did without Russian support. Finally, it was the Russian decision to mobilise in July that caused
the Serbs to reject the ultimatum. They would not have felt as confident if they had not got Russian support, and it was the
Russian general mobilisation at the end of July that made the Germans mobilise and declare war.’

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