CONCEPT MAP

LESSON 6: Modern Physics - Atomic Physics

Classical Wave Theory of Photoelectric

Quantum Theory The Dual Spectra & the
History Light Effect Nature of Light Bohr Model

Dalton’s Thomson Ernest Max Planck (1858-1947) Quantized energy photoelectric Light consists of Bohr's model
Model – – “Plum Rutherfor and continuous effect is the dual nature explains the spectral
“The Pudding d’s Model energy emission of which lines of the hydrogen
Billiard Model” electrons when means sometimes atomic emission
Ball -In 1900 Planck introduced Quantized energy
the idea of a quantum – an electromagnetic it behaves like a spectrum. While the
Model” means that the
oscillating electron can only electrons can possess radiation, such particle (known electron of the atom
have discrete, or specific only certain discrete as light, hits a as photon), remains in the
energy values; values material. which explains ground state, its
amounts of energy
between those Electrons how the light energy is unchanged.
-Planck also said that this emitted in this travels in straight When the atom
quantized values are
amount of energy (E) not permitted. manner are lines. Sometimes absorbs one or more
depends on its frequency (f) "Continuous Energy called light behaves as quanta of energy, the
-Energy = Planck’s constant spectra" in nuclear photoelectrons. the wave, which electron moves from
x frequency (E = hf) chemistry typically explains how the ground state orbit
refers to the fact light bends (or to an excited state
that kinetic energy of
diffract) around orbit that is further
A. Classical Wave Theory of Light electrons (or
positrons) released in an object. away.
B. Light Wave Classical Theory
beta decays can take
any value from a
specific range of
energies.
Very hot (or incandescent) substances emit visible light, which scientists have known for ages. The light that conventional light bulbs
emit is due to the incandescence of the tungsten filament, and iron may become "red" hot or even "white" hot with increasing
temperature. The higher the electron vibrations and the higher the frequency of the released radiation, the higher the frequency of the
emitted light. The maximum intensity peak moves to a higher frequency as the temperature rises, going from red to orange to white
hot. This is predicted by wave theory. In 1678, Huygens proposed that every point that a luminous disturbance meets turns into a
source of the spherical wave itself. The sum of the secondary waves, which are the result of the disturbance, determines what form
the new wave will take. This theory of light is known as the 'Huygens' Principle'.