Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

ACTIVE READING WORKSHEETS

CELL REPRODUCTION
Cell Division
Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the
questions that follow.

Mitosis is a continuous process that is divided into four phases: prophase,

metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase is the first phase of mitosis.
Prophase begins with the shortening and tight coiling of DNA into rod-shaped
chromosomes that can be seen with a light microscope. During the S phase,
each chromosome is copied. The two copies of each chromosome—called
chromatids—stay connected to one another by the centromere. At this time,
the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane break down and disappear. Two pairs
of dark spots called centrosomes appear next to the disappearing nucleus. The
centrosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell, and spindle fibers
radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for mitosis.
Metaphase is the second phase of mitosis. During metaphase, kinetochore
fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the dividing cell.
During anaphase, the chromatids of each chromosome separate at the
centromere and slowly move toward opposite poles of the dividing cell. After
the chromatids separate, they are considered to be individual chromosomes.
Telophase is the fourth phase of mitosis. After the chromosomes reach
opposite ends of the cell, the spindle fibers disassemble and the chromosomes
return to a less tightly coiled chromatin state. A nuclear envelope forms
around each set of chromosomes, and a nucleolus forms in each of the newly
forming cells.

Match each statement with the phase of mitosis it describes. Write the letter
corresponding to the correct phase in the space provided.

SKILL: Sequencing Information

In this exercise, matching the statement with the stage of mitosis will help you
learn the sequence of events of mitosis.

a. prophase c. anaphase
b. metaphase d. telophase
1. ________ Chromatids of each chromosome separate at the centromere.

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Holt McDougal Biology 1 Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

2. ________ Copied DNA coils into chromosomes.

3. ________ Spindle fibers disassemble.
4. ________ Kinetochore fibers move chromosomes to the cell’s center.
5. ________ Centrosomes appear next to the disappearing nucleus.
6. ________ A nucleolus forms in each newly formed cell.
7. ________ Chromatids move toward opposite poles of the dividing cell.
8. ________ Spindle fibers radiate from the centrosomes.
9. ________ A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

SKILL: Interpreting Graphics

10. The figure below shows the phases of mitosis. Using the information
contained in the passage, write the name of the structure on each lettered line.
On the numbered lines below the figure, name the stage of mitosis
corresponding to the number on the figure. Use the following labels:
“Anaphase,” “Centromere,” “Centrosomes,” “Metaphase,” “Nuclear
envelope,” “Prophase,” “Spindle fibers,” and “Telophase.”

Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the analogy.

15. Prophase is to centrosomes as telophase is to

a. chromatids.
b. nucleolus.
c. kinetochore fibers.
d. spindle fibers.

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Holt McDougal Biology 2 Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

ACTIVE READING WORKSHEETS

REGULATION OF THE CELL CYCLE

Gene Expression in Development and Cell Division

Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the
questions that follow.

A tumor is an abnormal proliferation of cells that results from uncontrolled,

abnormal cell division. The cells of a benign tumor remain within a mass.
Examples of benign tumors are the fibroid cysts that occur in a woman’s
breasts or uterus. Most benign tumors can be removed by surgery.
In a malignant tumor, the uncontrolled dividing cells may invade and
destroy healthy tissues elsewhere in the body. Malignant tumors are more
commonly known as cancer. Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells beyond
their original site. When metastasis occurs, the cancer cells break away from
the malignant tumor and travel to other parts of the body, where they invade
healthy tissue and begin forming new tumors. Malignant tumors can be
categorized according to the types of tissues they affect. Carcinomas grow in
the skin and the tissues that line the organs of the body. Sarcomas grow in
bone and muscle tissue. Lymphomas are solid tumors that grow in tissues that
form blood cells.

Read each question and write your answer in the space provided.

SKILL: Forming Analogies

In an analogy, one must analyze the relationship between two words and then
identify another pair of words that have the same relationship. In the analogy
“Glove is to hand as sock is to foot,” the relationship is article of clothing to part
of the body where worn.

1. Complete the following analogy: “Skin is to carcinoma as bone is to ______ .”

2.What relationship was used to form the analogy in question 1?
__________________________________________________________________

Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the analogy.
3. Sarcomas are to muscle tissue as lymphomas are to

a. uterus. c. tissues that form blood cells.

b. lungs. d. Both (a) and (b)

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Holt McDougal Biology 3 Cell Growth and Division