INNOVATION OF SELECTED ROOT VEGETABLE CLEANER WITH

RECIRCULATING FILTERED WATER AND DRYER BLOWER

Chapter 1

Introduction

Root vegetables like carrots, ginger, and others need to be pre cleaned before

transporting from field to market. Vegetables are washed thoroughly to remove some

soil particles and microorganisms. Like in ginger, if washing is delayed, the soil gets

dried on the surface of rhizomes. Soil on the surface contaminates the rhizomes and

makes it unsuitable for consumption (Peter and Zachariah, 2000; Emers, 2012).

During harvest season, the root vegetables from the soil needed to be clean. In

local farmer one of their method is just washing off the root vegetables with a hose of

running water or by rinsing of it in a drum. Ginger attains full maturity in 210-240 days.

Potatoes can be left in the ground past maturity, but they are most nutritious if

harvested when they mature. Early potatoes take about 60 days to reach maturity; mid-

season potatoes take about 80 days; late-season potatoes need 90 days or longer to

mature. Carrots should be ready for harvest 70 to 80 days after planting. Pull them from

the soil when the roots are 1 to 1½ inches in diameter. To avoid breaking the carrot

while pulling, loosen the soil around the carrot with a spade. Uraro (Arrowrooot) is ready

for harvest 8 to 10 months after planting. However, it was found out to produce higher

yield when harvested in eleven to twelve months, with higher content of starch content

(25%). Like any other root crops, it is harvested by passing a plow close to the furrows,
exposing the tuberous roots, then cut-off the stem. Harvesting with the use of a fork

may also be done on by pulling up the whole plant in case of sandy loam soil.

1.1 Background of the Study

There are a lot of machines in the world that help farmers in washing or cleaning

their products. Mechanical washers, slicers, and solar or hot air driers help to minimize

contamination from dust during postharvest handling operations (Weiss, 2002).

Researchers have developed mechanical devices for washing root crops. Ambrose and

Annamalai (2013) developed a batch type small washer with holding capacity of 10 kg

for washing root vegetables like carrot and ginger. The washer consisted of a detopper,

a stainless-steel washing drum, a center shaft with holes for water spraying and a hand

wheel for the manual rotation of drum. The washing drum was provided with matting of

various materials and thickness for the effective cleaning of vegetables. The washing

and cleaning efficiencies were 97 and 91% for carrot and 96 and 90% for radish,

respectively using 3.5 mm thick plastic matting. Choi et al., (2014) developed a root

crop washer that consisted of 2 brushes rolling in opposite direction and a water

delivery system. The brushes were operated manually by leg cranking at 6 rpm. The

machine effectively removed the surface dirt from carrots with minimal damage to

greens and skin.

Conceptual Framework

This project is to develop a machine that will clean the selected root vegetables

in an efficient way. The paradigm below illustrates the flow of activities that will be

followed in completion of this project study.

Input Process Output

> Research,
Criteria,
>Root
Concepts and
> Design Vegetable
Existing Design
Cleaner with
> Experimentation
Recirculating
> Simulation Filtered Water
> Procedure,
Instrumentation > Evaluation and Dryer

, Standards Blower

The input box presents the initial requirements in commencing the research

study. This includes the related literatures, research, & design considerations

The process stage includes conceptualization, development of prototype, and the

most crucial part, Testing & Evaluation.

The last part of the process will determine the functionality of the machine. The output

stage is the developed machine, namely, root vegetable cleaner with recirculating

filtered water and dryer blower.

1.2 Statement of Objectives

The study contributes to an idea of developing a machine capable of cleaning the

root vegetables efficiently and cost effectively by achieving the desired output rate while

observing water conservation.

1.2.1 General Objective

The proponents aims to develop and fabricate a cleaner for selected root

vegetables. The machine has a capacity of 100kg/hr.

Specific Objectives

1. To design a root vegetable cleaning and drying machine that can maintain

an average cleaning and drying efficiency of 95% and 85%, respectively.

2. To design the machine’s filter system to be capable of an average of 80%

filtration efficiency

3. To simulate the designed machine if it can achieve the desired capacity

and efficiencies by using applicable simulation software

1.3 Scope and Delimitations

The extent of this research ranges from design, experimentation, computation,

simulation, fabrication and construction, and deployment of root vegetable cleaner with

dryer blower. The selected vegetables will be limited to ginger, carrot, radish, arrowroot,

and potato. The study is limited on the mass flow rate of 100 kilogram per hour. The

root vegetable cleaner uses roller brushes and pressurized water for cleaning which will

be then filtered by a filtration system and will be recirculated by a pump. The machine

will be powered by an electric motor and requires an operator to supervise the actual

machine operations

1.4 Significance of the Study

The key targets of this study are the root vegetable farmers. The major idea for

the development is to introduce an efficient method of cleaning and drying the root

vegetables in a single machine. Since the machine is capable of washing and then

drying root vegetables, less farmers are allotted to the aforementioned processes and

labor force can be distributed to other tasks. The filtration and recirculation system of

the machine can also help reduce water consumption in cleaning the vegetables.
 1.5 Definition of Terms

Tuberous Roots - is an enlarged fleshy root modified as a storage organ with

shoots produced at one end and roots produced at the other.

Arrowroots - which belongs to the Marantaceae plant family, is widely

considered an easily digested and nutritious starch. They called it “Uraro” in

some provinces of the Philippines like Quezon and Bicol.

Cleaning efficiency - is defined as the difference between the initial dirt content

and dirt content after passing through the machine, all over the initial dirt content

then multiplied by 100%. The dirt content is measured in terms of weight.

Formula:

DIRT CONTENT ( BEFORE MACHINE )−DIRT CONTENT ( AFTER MACHINE)

DIRT CONTENT (BEFORE MACHINE)
x 100%
Drying efficiency - is measured by dividing the difference of surface moisture

content after cleaning process and surface moisture content after drying by the

surface moisture content after cleaning, and then multiplied by 100%. In which

the surface moisture content is measured in terms of weight.

Formula:

SURFACE MOISTURE CONTENT ( BEFORE DRYER )−SURFACE MOISTURE CONTENT ( AFTER DRYER )
SURFACE MOISTURE CONTENT (BEFORE DRYER)
x 100%
Filter efficiency - is measured by dividing the difference of the volume of water

before filtering to the volume of water after filtering, by the total volume of water

released by the nozzle, multiplied by 100%.

Formula:
VOLUME OF WATER ( AFTER FILTRATION )−TOTAL VOLUME OF WATER ( RELEASED BY NOZZLE )
[1−( )] x
TOTAL VOLUME OF WATER ( RELEASED BY NOZZLE )
100%
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the review of related literature, studies, and technologies

underlying the framework of the study.

2.1 Conceptual Literature

2.1.1 Potatoes

Potatoes are underground tubers that grow on the roots of the potato

plant, Solanum tuberosum. This plant is from the nightshade family and related to

tomatoes and tobacco. They are generally eaten boiled, baked, or fried and

frequently served as a side dish or snack. Common potato-based foods and food

products include french fries, potato chips, and potato flour.

Most potatoes are grown in Cordillera Autonomous Region in the northern

part of Luzon island. Potatoes can be grown throughout the year but are mainly

grown from November – April. Rainfall in the remaining moths limits the growth

period Philippines has two main potato cropping seasons. The wet-season crop,

March-July/August and the dry-season crop, October-January/February. Seed

from the wet-season crop is stored for the following wet-season crop. A similar

practice exists for the dry-season crops. The seed is stored for 8-9 months.

2.1.2 Ginger

Ginger is an important spice and used in different forms such as raw

ginger, dry ginger, bleached ginger, ginger powder, ginger beer, ginger candy,
ginger wine and many other. Ginger stimulates gastric juice secretion and

relieves cough and flu. It is also used to treat migraine, travel sickness, and

rheumatoid arthritis. It is known to improve blood circulation and reduce fat

deposits in the arteries.

Ginger can be grown in flat to slightly rolling areas with well-drained, light

to medium textured soil high in organic matter and pH of 6.8-7.0. It can grow in

elevations of up to 1,500 meters (m) above sea level with about 200-300 cm

annual rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year and a temperature range of

25 -35°C. It grows well even with 25-40% shading.

Ginger can be consumed fresh, dehydrated, powdered, or pickled.

‘Salabat,’ or ginger tea, a popular hot drink, is made from boiled fresh ginger or

powdered ginger. Ginger adds flavor to some common Filipino dishes like tinola,

goto, arroz caldo, paksiw, batchoy, and pinakbet. It is also used as an ingredient

in the manufacture of perfumes and softdrinks and in the preparation of

preserves, candies, and pickles.

2.1.3 Carrots

Carrot originated from Central Asia with Afghanistan as the primary center

of origin. It is one of the most important vegetables commonly grown in the

Philippine highlands. The production areas are in Benguet, Mountain Province,

Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya, Cebu, Davao del Sur, Negros Oriental, and Bukidnon.
 One of the best sources of beta carotene is commonly grown in high

elevation like Mountain Province. But through variety and adaptability trials, some

carrot varieties could be grown now in medium elevations and in lowland areas.

2.1.4 Arrowroots (Uraro)

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) or “Uraro” is widely cultivated in the

Philippines for its starchy rhizomes. It is a low perennial herbaceous plant with

thick, fleshy, and creeping roots and long white fibers and is a good source of

flour.

Arrowroot flour has a very high commercial value in the international

market because it is best ingredients in making high quality biscuits and cookies.

The rhizomes of arrowroot consist of an easily digested starch when extracted is

a source of a dry white powder. This powder is a source of one of the purest

forms of natural carbohydrates. Superior quality starch is used in making a first-

class biscuit, pastries, pudding, cakes, native “kutsinta” and “suman”. “Uraro” a

popular biscuit in Laguna is made from pure arrowroot flour. Its flour being highly

digestible and able to prevent curdling is used mainly for invalid’s and infant’s

milk food. It is also an excellent ingredient for thickening ice cream.

2.2 Research Literature

2.2.1 Development of manually operated root crop washer by Dawn C. P.

Ambrose* and S. J. K. Annamalai (June,2013)

The physical and frictional properties of the root crops such as carrot and

radish were studied to arrive at the design parameters of the washer. The

experiments were repeated five times on individual samples to minimize the

error.The various physical properties like size, volume, specific gravity and

frictional properties were determined for carrot and raddish. The local variety of

carrot purchased from the market and white variety of raddish were used for the

study. The length and breadth were measured with a digital vernier caliper of

least count of 0.01 mm. Volume was determined by water displacement

procedure and the surface area by plotting in a graph (Mohsenin, 1986). The

static and dynamic coefficient of friction for carrot and raddish were determined

with respect to two different surfaces such as mild steel and stainless steel. An

apparatus consisting of a frictionless pulley fitted on a frame, a topless and

bottomless box, loading and pan and test surfaces was used for measuring the

frictional properties of the selected root vegetables. The box is connected to the

loading pan by means of a string. The string is drawn parallel to the surface of
the material to be tested passed over the frictionless pulley and suspended from

the pulley for easy loading.

The developed manually operated root vegetable washer was of 10 kg

holding capacity and it was found suitable for washing root crops like carrot and

raddish. The washer was evaluated in the farmer’s field. Performance trials

revealed that 3.5 mm plastic matting gave better performance in terms of

washing and cleaning efficiencies of 97 and 91% for carrot and 96 and 90% for

raddish, respectively with lesser bruise index.

2.2.2 Design, development and performance evaluation of a new-type fruit

vegetable washer by Dang Hoang Minh, Bui Van Phuong, Phung Van Binh ,

Nguyen Viet Duc

During the washing process, the drum rotates, and foreign material or dirt

is separated from the samples and unwinded to the water tank through a series

of holes on the drum surface. The dirt settles to the tank bottom and it is then

pushed out through the drainage valve due to water flow. The main drive of the

washer is carried out from the gear motor through the slider-crank mechanism.

The second drive is conducted from the electric motor through a cardan. High-

pressure water comes out from the nozzle, and water level in the tank is a half of

the volume. The sample (vegetables and/or fruits) in the drum is subjected to the

combination of horizontal shaking (created by the main drive) and rotating

(created by the second drive) of a drum, causing the hydrodynamic action and
 impacts of falling samples on the surface of the water. The shaking amplitude of

the drum is determined by the length of the crankshaft in the main transmission.

The spring plays the role of reducing vibration for the washer. Once visually there

is an absence of foreign material or the sample is clean, the draining process

starts. At this moment, the nozzle is automatically locked, the drainage valve

opens fully, the operation of the main transmission unit (horizontal movement)

stops, and the rotation speed of the drum increases. Under the effect of

centrifugal force, free water is detached from the sample surface and falls into

the tank. When the washing process finishes, the sample is discharged from the

drum.

Matrix of Review of Related Literature and Studies

TITLE AUTHOR METHODOLOGY FINDINGS SIMILARITIES/

DIFFERENCES/

ORIGINALITIES
Development Dawn C. P. The developed Performance Similarity:

of manually Ambrose* and manually operated trials revealed They have

operated root S.J.K. root vegetable that 3.5 mm common function

crop washer Annamalai washer was of 10 plastic matting which is cleaning

kg. holding gave better a root crop.

capacity and it performance Difference:

was in terms of This machine

found suitable for washing and has electric

washing root cleaning motor and pump.

crops efficiencies of Originality:

like carrot and 97% and 91% This machine

radish. for carrot and can operate

96% and 90% more than 10 kg.

For radish. This is powered

by electric motor

with 1 hp

It has also two-

layer filter which

will filter the

water that use for

washing the root

vegetable and

recirculate after it
 use.

Design, Dang Hoang During the A positive Similarity:

development, Minh, Bui Van washing process, outcome of the They have

and Phuong, the drum rotates, prototype common function

performance Phung Van and foreign washer which is

evaluation of Binh , Nguyen material or dirt is promises to cleaning.

a new-type Viet Duc separated from bring solution Powered by

fruit the samples and for commercial electric motor

vegetable unwinded to the production, and pump

washer water tank through meeting the Difference:

a series of holes demand of Their machine

on the drum medium-size uses a drum that

surface. businesses in rotates while this

the market. machine uses 4

nylon brush to

clean the root

vegetable.

Originality:

This machine

uses 4 nylon

brush.

It has also two-

layer filter which

 will filter the

water that use for

washing the root

vegetable and

recirculate after it

use.

Chapter 3

Methodology

This section includes the design and development of the selected root vegetable

cleaner with dryer blower.

3.1 Research Design

The conceptual design of the root vegetable cleaner with dryer blower will be

based from an existing design which will be then innovated by the researchers. The

machine will undergo continuous evaluation and modification according to set

objectives, experimentation, and simulation results. Selection of materials will be

considered to improve the entire project.

 Figure 3.1

In this figure 3.1, it shows the entire model of machine.

Figure 3.1 b

In this figure, it shows the AC gear motor that is connected to gears and shafts of

the machine.
 Figure 3.1 c

In this figure 3.1 c, it shows the centrifugal pump connected to the pressurized

tank and the reservoir of machine.

Figure 3.1 d

In this figure 3.1 d, it shows the connection of the pressurized tank to the sprayer
of machine.
 Figure 3.1 e

In this figure, it shows the dryer blower of the machine.

Figure 3.1 f

In this figure, it shows the modular belt conveyor of the machine.

 A. Cleaning System

The cleaning system is comprised of the following:

1. Soaking Container

2. Cleaning Container

3. Roller Brushes

4. Spray Nozzles

Soaking Container

This is where the initial softening process will take place. The aim of initial

softening is to soften the dirt on the root vegetables’ surface. This way, when it will pass

through the cleaner, it would be easier for the spray nozzles to rinse dirt and soil.
Cleaning Container

This is the container where the cleaning takes place. The container would limit

the vegetables movement only on the brushes and a linear path towards the drying

section. It would be made of 316 stainless steel for corrosion resistance.

Roller Brushes

Driven by a transmission system, the roller brushes are responsible for scrubbing

off dirt while acting as the conveyor for the root vegetables. The bristles have wavy

pattern to offer assistance in conveying since selected root vegetables will be inputted.
Spray Nozzles

These are the primary cleaners of the machine. With a maximum pressure of 100

psi and minimum pressure of 80 psi, the nozzles will spray on an angle to cover a lot of

width. The machine will consist of three rows of two nozzles with a total of 6 nozzles.

B. Drying System
 The drying system is composed of the following:

1. Blower Dryer

2. Heating Element

3. Modular Conveyor

Blower Dryer

There will be two blower dryers that will be integrated on the drying section of the

machine. These blower dryers are responsible for transferring the heat from the heating

elements into the surface of the root vegetables. The sheer air velocity would also be

beneficial in removing some of the moisture content present in the surface of the root

vegetables.

Heating Element
 Heating elements will be integrated at the exhaust of the blower dryers. These

will provide the necessary amount of heat needed to remove the surface moisture

content of the root vegetables.

Modular Conveyor

The modular conveyor is responsible in conveying the root vegetables from

cleaner area to packaging area. This conveyor has holes integrated into the belt to

avoid accumulation of liquid when blow drying and to have the moving air pass through

the belt.
 C. Recirculation and Filtration System

The recirculation and filtration system are composed of the following:

1. Centrifugal pump

2. Piping Assembly

3. Pressurized Tank

4. Water Reservoir

5. Filter

Centrifugal Pump

The pumps are responsible for moving the liquid throughout the piping system.
Piping Assembly

This serves as the conduit for the flowing water. It also consists of elbows,

fittings, and valves. There are three main locations in which water is being pumped into

– soaker, pressurized tank, and backwashing.

Pressurized Tank

The pressurized tank is set to have a cut-in pressure of 60 psig and cut-out

pressure of 100 psig. It is responsible for making the water flow through the nozzle

pipes by utilizing the pressure inside the tank. It is monitored by a gage connected to a

switch to establish an automatic connection between the pump and gage. It will be then

activated based on the cut-in and cut-out pressures.

Water Reservoir

After being filtered, the water will then be stocked at the water reservoir. This is

also where the source water and make-up water will proceed. It holds a sizeable volume

of water necessary for the operation and pump conditions of the system. Increments will

be integrated along the transparent panels of the water reservoir for monitoring the

water levels.
Filter

The filter consists of four layers that are put together within a single stainless-

steel container. The aim of the filter is to remove the soil and dirt from the rinsing water.

It is arranged in the following manner: carbon filter, sediment filter, wire mesh of smaller

micron, and wire mesh having a larger micron. The filter will be cleaned by backwashing

process. Water supply for backwashing would also come from the reservoir.
3.2 Research/Project Development

Start

Problem Analysis and Investigation

Research and Formulation of

Innovation Ideas

Machine Conceptualization

Setting of Parameters and Design

Computations

Design Feasibility by
Experimentation

Is the design
YES NO
feasible?
 Technical Specifications, Design
Polishing, and Data Compilation

Simulation, Analysis, and Design

Adjustment

Is the
YES performance NO
accepted?

Fabrication and Construction

Dry Run and Data Comparison

Deployment

End

Selected Root Vegetable Cleaner with

Recirculating Water and Dryer Blower
3.2.1 Problem Analysis and Investigation

An investigation of a specific problem in regards to root vegetable farming will be

conducted. The problem focuses on the difficulties and efficiency of the current manual

method of washing and drying root vegetables. Using the specific problem tackled, the

main objective of the whole project will be set accordingly.

3.2.2 Research and Formulation of Innovation Ideas

The proponents will conduct a research using existing studies and pieces of

information available in university archives, libraries, and the internet. After gathering

sufficient reference materials, brainstorming for machine innovation and discussing the

specific objectives will follow.

The proponents also decided to do some experiments to determine necessary

values that could meet the set objectives. The availability of the materials needed and

the application of some innovations like the recirculation of water and the drying process

are also considered.

3.2.3 Machine Conceptualization

After setting both specific and current objectives, the researchers will then

proceed in conceptualizing, visualizing, drawing, and modelling the machine and its

integrated sub-systems while following basic principles and theories in kinematics,

machine design, and other concerned mechanical engineering subjects. This will be

done by using applicable drawing applications such as AutoCAD for 2D drawing and

Autodesk Fusion for 3D modelling.

3.2.4 Setting of Parameters and Design Computations

Using established objectives and similar studies as references, parameters for

the machine are set. The set parameters will be the basis of the initial design

computations and will be changed accordingly depending on the researcher’s objectives

and feasibility. The design computations will include computations for all of the different

systems in the machine. These include but are not limited to motion analysis, stress

analysis, flow rate analysis, and heat analysis.

3.2.5 Design Feasibility by Experimentation

Feasibility of the design will be determined by conducting experimentations. This

is done to confirm if the set parameters are grounded and achievable. Experimentation

includes motion analysis present in the 3D modelling software and actual

experimentation for cleaning, drying, and filtering process.

For the cleaning process, the researchers will conduct an experiment by having

batches of naturally-dirtied potatoes pass through a spray nozzle three times at specific

intervals. These intervals are calculated according to the computed linear velocity of the

roller brushes acting as a conveyor. Household water pressure will be used for the

nozzle which has a standard of 27 psi. Weight of the potatoes will be measured before

and after cleaning. This will be the formula that will be used in determining the cleaning

efficiency of the process:

DIRT CONTENT ( BEFORE MACHINE )−DIRT CONTENT ( AFTER MACHINE)

DIRT CONTENT (BEFORE MACHINE)
x 100%
 Since dirt present in the water samples would be difficult to measure, volume will

be used as dirt will displace the volume of water. Experimentation for filtration will be

done by measuring the volume after filtration and comparing it to the total water volume

released by the spray nozzle. The experiment will be conducted at sea level which

means one liter would be equivalent to 1 kilogram. Cotton cloth will be used as the filter

for the experiment. The following formula will be used for determining the filtration

efficiency:

VOLUME OF WATER ( AFTER FILTRATION )−TOTAL VOLUME OF WATER ( RELEASED BY NOZZLE )

[1−( )] x
TOTAL VOLUME OF WATER ( RELEASED BY NOZZLE )
100%

Drying experimentation will require a household hair blower. The aim is to create

a scenario and visually assess what would happen if surface moisture is removed from

a group of tightly packed potatoes. Measurements will be in respect to the length of

drying time and weight of the potatoes before and after drying. This would serve as a

reference for future adjustments for the dryer blower system. The formula below will be

used in determining the drying efficiency:

SURFACE MOISTURE CONTENT ( BEFORE DRYER )−SURFACE MOISTURE CONTENT (AFTER DRYER )
SURFACE MOISTURE CONTENT (BEFORE DRYER)
x 100%

All data will be analyzed by scaling and comparing them using actual parameters

set in the design. If it produced satisfactory results and consulted with the project

adviser, this will prove that the design is feasible. If not, the researches will redo setting

the parameters and recalculate the whole system. Experimentation could be redone if

possible.
3.2.6 Technical Specifications, Design Polishing, and Data Compilation

Given that the machine is initially proven to be feasible, the design will be

polished by considering market standards, ergonomics, aesthetics, and safety features.

Complete technical specifications will also be provided. It should be noted that when

choosing market standard parts, the capacities and parameters should be as close to

the computed design values as possible. Discrepancies are permitted as long as it

would have a positive effect and would not compromise any of the machine’s

functionality. Adapting market standards will also mean recomputing for most of the

machine’s system. This would include the computed dimensions, materials to be used,

and verbatim conditions stating the standard operating procedures, limitations, bill of

materials, and safety procedures. All of the data and information will be then compiled

appropriately as reference for future adjustments.

3.2.7 Simulation, Analysis, and Design Adjustment

After searching and integrating market standards, a virtual simulation will be

done to confirm and solidify the machine feasibility before fabrication. Researchers will

utilize different appropriate and vouched simulation software such as Autodesk CFD,

Simscale, and Flow3D. Simulation results will be then discussed and analyzed if it

would be realistic and capable of achieving the set objectives. If not, minor and

necessary machine adjustments will be made and simulation tests will be conducted

again.
3.2.8 Fabrication and Construction

After polishing the design, listing all the technical specifications, and simulating

the machine, researchers will now proceed to fabrication and construction. The design

will be forwarded to the proponents’ fabricator of choice. Shop visit and progress reports

are to be done regularly (with adviser if possible) following the time table set by the

researchers.

3.2.9 Dry Run and Data Comparison

Having fabricated and constructed, the machine will then undergo a dry run. This

would include actual input of different selected root vegetables while considering the

general and specific objectives. Documentation will be necessary and data must be

recorded. Results will be compared to the initial set parameters, experimentation

results, and simulation results for transparency. The results of the dry run will not be a

factor in considering adjustments for the fabricated machine but to be as basis if the

objectives are achieved and as a reference for the next group of researchers that will

innovate the project.

3.2.10 Deployment

After the dry run, the machine will now be ready to be deployed for the chosen

benefactor. This would include a demonstration in the actual location together with the

presence of the researchers’ adviser and benefactor. Discussion of the machine

operation, capability, and standard procedures between the researchers, advisers, and

benefactor will take place, following the complete turn-over of the machine.