Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module Part 001
Module Part 001
ARH 304
GEOGRAPHICAL CLIMATIC
Southeastern rim of Asia TYPE 1 - Two pronounced seasons:
±7,100 islands dry from November to April and wet during
±115,707 square miles (299,681 square km) land area the rest of the year
Major regional island group; Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
Many volcanos (Taal, Mayon) TYPE 2 - No dry season with a
pronounced rainfall from November to
January.
GEOLOGICAL
TYPE 3 - Seasons are not very
Abundant in indigenous materials such as:
pronounced, relatively dry from November to
Bamboo, coconut tree, palm, cogon grass, rattan, nipa
April, and wet during the rest of the year.
44% land area cover by forest
Many kind of trees
TYPE 4 - Rainfall is more or less
Molave, yakal, guijo, pine trees, narra
evenly distributed throughout the year.
Clay in Ilocos and Pangasinan
Limestone, adobe stone, marble, gypsum, granite, volcanic rock
SOCIAL/CULTURAL HISTORICAL
Filipinos are mixture of races - not pure malay Scientific theory – Philippines was once part of Asia during pre-historic
Mixture of native or Malay and foreigner – mestizo time
Filipino traits
Hospitality 3 ½ centuries colonized by foreign countries
Respect esp to the elders use of po and opo Spain – Roman Catholicism
Sentimentals American – used of English language
Pakikisama
Utang na loob
kahihiyan FIRST FILIPINOS
Close family ties Immigrant of Malayan Origin _primitive people with no knowledge of
Hundreds of dialect agriculture
Later joined by Malay from Indonesia, merged and build tribal system
known as barangays
Filipinos became Muslim until the arrival of Europea Spanish explorers
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INDEPENDENCE
FOREIGN RULES 1946 Philippines Independence
Ferdinand Magellan landed in Philippines in 1521 but killed by Lapu-lapu Pres. Ramon Magsaysay – survivied the rebellion of communist guerillas
Miguel Lope de Legazpi – brought Christianity established Spanish (Hukbalahap) Peoples Liberation Army “Huks”
control over all inhabited areas except in Sulu, Mindanao Pres. Ferdinand Marcos under martial law_people power
1896 Jose P Rizal – nationalist movement revolt against Spaniards Snap election and Pres. Corazo Auquino became 1st woman president
Emilio Aguinaldo – Spanish rebellion continued (guerillas)
Spain sell Philippines to Americans for 20 million dollars
1935 US gave the Philippines independence
RELIGIOUS
Japanese Invasion Only Catholic country in the east of Mediterranean sea
Legacy of Spanish Missionaries – Catholicism
Invade Manila and set up a puppet government
Aglipayan Church was formed by Gregorio Aglipay and Isabel de los Reyes
After fierce battle in Bataan and Corregidor American and Filipino
Islam are concentrated in Sulu archipelago, southern and western midanao
surrender RELIGION DISTRIBUTION
General McArthur – returned to the country completing the 93% in 1960 Filipinos are Christian; 80% Roman Catholic
liberation 5% Aglipayan; 3% Protestants; 5% Muslims; 1% Iglesia ni Cristo
According to Robert Fox (was an anthropologist and leading The water provided a good means of travel since roads
historian on pre-Hispanic Philippines), early Filipinos live did not exist until the Spanish times.
along the coasts or rivers due to the following factors:
The bodies of water were the major source for bathing,
• The daily diet of early Filipinos were mostly food from washing and drinking.
the sea. Animals like chicken, pig, or carabaos, were
treated more as ritual or festival foods.
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• PROTECTION FROM FLOOD, WILD ANIMALS, & • COMMON TYPE OF DWELLING INLOWLAND
ENEMIES AND COASTAL AREAS
• IT IS MOSTLY FOUND IN NORTHERN LUZON & • “BAHAY" IS A TAGALOG WORD FOR HOUSE
MINDANAO WHILE "KUBO" IS FROM THE SPANISH "CUBO'~
MEANING CUBE
COMMON FEATURES OF
BULWAGAN – LIVING, DINING, SLEEPING AREA,
SOMETIMES W/ A LOW TABLE CALLED “DULANG”.
BAHAY KUBO
DAPOGAN OR ABUHAN – COOKING APPARATUS
W/ A SHOE SHAPE STOVE
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COMMON FEATURES OF
BAHAY KUBO COMMON FEATURES OF BAHAY KUBO
STILTS
STILTS
POSTS With plans which where either square, rectangular
WALLS or octagonal, most houses are elevated from the
ROOFING ground to avoid the dampness during the rainy
FLOORING season or the heat emanating from the ground
during the warm season.
Structural components like the posts and beam are Walls are made of wooden panels, tree bark, nipa,
made of bamboo, wood, tree trunks bamboo, sawali, coconut, and palm leaves
A whole bamboo, vertically set up to support the Finished walls assembled on the ground and tightly
floor and roof member . secured using rattan strip on the bamboo wall studs
The bamboo siding is either;
bamboo latticework (sala-sala)
Interlaced/woven bamboo (amakan) sala-sala
(sawali)
amakan/sawali
Steep thatched roof maybe hipped, gable, Bamboo strips laid perpendicular to the floor joist
pyramidal in form eihter closely laid or with ample spaces, allowing
natural air to enter the floor
Roof made from either bamboo, cogon grass
anahaw leaves or nipa shingles
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MAIN BEAM, SECONDARY BEAM, FLOOR JOIST, MAIN BEAM, SECONDARY BEAM,
(YAWI) (PATUKURAN) (SOLERAS) (YAWI) (PATUKURAN)
STAIRS
- a single log with notches as steps or maybe
ofbamboo frame with split bamboo as steps.
DOORS
- either sliding or hinged may be of wooden
panels, bamboo, or sawali
WINDOWS
- which are rarely provided, are made of
wooden panels, bamboo, buri, nipa and sawali and
may be of the sliding or awning type