SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
2022-2023
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS PRESENT
IN SOFT DRINKS

NAME: Zenab Mohammed

Class : XII – A

ADM. NO. : 5050

SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude

to my chemistry teacher Ms. Arathi Anoop as well as
my principal Mrs. Abhilasha Singh who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful investigatory
project, which also helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to know about so many new
things.

Secondly I would like to thank my parents and

friends who believed in me and helped me a lot in
finalizing this project. It was great leaning experience
for me.
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Introduction

2. Theory

3. Aim

4. Apparatus

5. Chemicals Required

6. Detection Tests

7. Result

8. Precautions

9. Conclusion

10. Bibliography
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

INTRODUCTION

A soft drink is a drink that typically contains carbonated water, a sweetener,

and a natural or artificial flavoring. While the term “soft drink” is commonly
used in product labeling, in many countries these drinks are more commonly
referred to by regional names, including carbonated beverage, cold drink, fizzy
drink, fizzy juice, pop, soda, soda pop, tonic, and mineral.

A British chemist, Joseph Priestley, in the late 18th century first introduced
carbonated drinks by infusing water with carbon dioxide to make carbonated
water. His invention of carbonated water (then known as soda water) is the
major and defining component of most soft drinks.

THEORY

Soft drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon

dioxide, phosphate, glucose, etc. These soft drinks give feeling of lightness and
have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible
for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle.

The carbon dioxide is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which is also
responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring
organic computer and are major source of energy to our body. General formula
of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y.
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

AIM

Comparative study and Qualitative analysis of different brands available in

market.

APPARATUS

o Test tubes
o Test tube holder
o Test tube stand
o Stopwatch
o Beaker
o Burner
o pH paper
o China dish
o Wire gauge

CHEMICALS REQUIRED

o Lime water
o Fehling’s solution (A and B)
o Concentrated Nitric acid
o Ammonium molybdate
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

DETECTION TESTS

1. Detection Of PH

Experiment

Small samples of soft drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and put on pH
paper. The change in color of pH paper was noticed and was compared with standard pH
scale.

Observation

Sl.no Name Of Drink Color Change pH Value

1. Coca Cola Pinkish 2-3
2. 7 Up Dark Orange 4
3. Limca Light Orange 3
4. Fanta Orange 3-4

Conclusion

Soft drinks are generally acidic because of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of
soft drinks of different brands are different due to the variation in amount of acidic
content.
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

2. Detection Of Carbon dioxide

Experiment

As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were passed through lime
water and the time is noted. The lime water turned milky.

Observation

Sr. no. Name Of Drink Time Taken Conclusion

(in sec)
1. Coca Cola 28 CO2 is present
2. 7 UP 20 CO2 is present
3. Lima 38 CO2 is present
4. Fanta 36 CO2 is present

Conclusion

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible
for its tangy taste.

Chemical Reaction

Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) —> CaCo3 (s) + H2O (l)

SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

3. Detection Of Glucose

Experiment

Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. It’s presence is detected by Fehling’s

solution.

Fehling’s Solution Test

Small samples of soft drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a
few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal
amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of
brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

Observation

Sr. no. Name Of Drink Observation Conclusion

1. Coca Cola Brown Precipitate Glucose is
present
2. 7 UP Brown Precipitate Glucose is
present

3. Lima Brown Precipitate Glucose is

present
4. Fanta Brown Precipitate Glucose is
present
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

Conclusion

All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B) solution.
Hence all the soft drinks contain glucose.

4. Detection Of Phosphate

Experiment

Small samples of each brand of soft drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Ammonium molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric acid (HNO3) was
added in it. The solution was heated. Appearance of yellow precipitate
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in soft drinks.

Observation

Sr. no. Name of drink Observation Conclusion

1. Coca Cola Yellow precipitate Phosphate is
present

2. 7 UP Yellow precipitate Phosphate is

present

3. Limca Yellow precipitate Phosphate is

present

4. Fanta Yellow precipitate Phosphate is

present
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

Conclusion

All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence the
soft drinks contains phosphate.

5. Detection Of Alcohol

Experiment

Small samples of each brand of soft drink were taken in separate test tubes and
Ceric ammonium nitrate reagent [(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6] is added to it. Appearance
of red color which disappears after reasonable time confirm the presence of
alcohol.

Observation

Sr. no. Name of drink Observation Conclusion

1. Coca Cola Red solution Alcohol is
present

2. 7 UP Red solution Alcohol is

present

3. Limca Red solution Alcohol is

present

4. Fanta Red solution Alcohol is

present
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

Conclusion

All the soft drinks gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the soft drinks
contain alcohol.

RESULT

After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
soft drinks namely :

1. Coca Cola
2. 7 UP
3. Limca
4. Fanta

All contain glucose, alcohol, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All soft drinks are
acidic in nature. On comparing pH value of different brands, Coca Cola is the
most acidic and Limca is the least acidic of all four brands taken.

Among all the four samples of soft drink taken, 7 UP has the maximum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide.
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

PRECAUTIONS

Some of the precautions which needs to be taken care of are :

1. Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.

2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment.
3. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately
with copious amount of water.
4. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever leave your
workstation.
5. Never point any test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or
at your neighbor.

CONCLUSION

Disadvantages Of Soft Drinks

1. Soft drinks are a little harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar
in large amount which cause problems in diabetic patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they Interfere with body’s natural
ability to suppress the hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have the ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain ‘phosphoric acid’ which has pH of 2.8. So they can
dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. Soft drink also has ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to
our body.
SHINING STAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

Advantages Of Soft Drinks

1. Soft drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

2. They can remove rust spots.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.slideshare.net
 www.sciencedirect.com
 www.icbse.com