Lesson+6 +the+Sexual+Self+Part+B

The Sexual Self
Part B
EMMANUEL R. SANTOS, LPT, MBA
TEACHER
Nota bene: This Instructional material (IM) is not
entirely written by the course specialist but is just a
compilation of reading materials only for purposes of
research and study of the course UNDERSTANDING
THE SELF. The attached materials are credited to the
author of said articles as properly acknowledged in
the reference, respectively. This material is not for
sale. Students are not allowed to reproduce or
duplicate the same. For strict confidentiality and
compliance.
At the end of the lesson, you will be
able to:
 Examine the sexual self.

 Evaluate one’s sexual development and determine how it
influenced one’s sense of self.
 Understand the human reproductive system and the concepts
related to it.
 Discuss the chemistry of love, lust and attachment.
 Recognize the diversity of sexual behavior.
 Realize the importance of a healthy sexual self.
LUST, ATTRACTION and
COMPANIONSHIP (Credits to: Ms. Katherine Wu)
 Think of the last time you ran into

someone you find attractive. You
may have stammered, your
palms may have sweated; you
may have said something
incredibly asinine and tripped
spectacularly while trying to
saunter away (or is that just me?).
And chances are, your heart was
thudding in your chest. It’s no
surprise that, for centuries, people
thought love (and most other
emotions, for that matter) arose
from the heart. As it turns out,
love is all about the brain – which,
in turn, makes the rest of your
body go haywire.
Braden Summers Image + Motion
LUST, ATTRACTION and
ATTACHMENT (Credits to Ms. Katherine Wu)
 According to a team of
scientists led by Dr. Helen
Fisher at Rutgers, romantic
love can be broken down
into three categories:
1. Lust
2. Attraction
3. Attachment
Each category is
characterized by its own set of
hormones stemming from the
brain.
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/love-actually-science-behind-lust-attraction-companionship/
LUST…
 Lust is driven by the desire for sexual
gratification. The evolutionary basis for this
stems from our need to reproduce, a need
shared among all living things. Through
reproduction, organisms pass on their genes,
and thus contribute to the perpetuation of
their species.
 The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role

in this, stimulating the production of the sex
hormones testosterone and estrogen from the
testes and ovaries (Figure 1). While these
chemicals are often stereotyped as being
“male” and “female,” respectively, both play
a role in men and women. As it turns out,
testosterone increases libido in just about
everyone. The effects are less pronounced
with estrogen, but some women report being
more sexually motivated around the time they
ovulate, when estrogen levels are highest.
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/love-actually-science-behind-lust-attraction-
companionship/
ATTRACTION…
 Meanwhile, attraction seems to be

a distinct, though closely related,
phenomenon. While we can
certainly lust for someone we are
attracted to, and vice versa, one
can happen without the other.
Attraction involves the brain
pathways that control “reward”
behavior, which partly explains why
the first few weeks or months of a
relationship can be so exhilarating
and even all-consuming.

ATTRACTION…
 Dopamine, produced by the hypothalamus, is a
particularly well-publicized player in the brain’s
reward pathway – it’s released when we do things
that feel good to us. In this case, these things
include spending time with loved ones and having
sex. High levels of dopamine and a related
hormone, norepinephrine, are released during
attraction. These chemicals make us giddy,
energetic, and euphoric, even leading to
decreased appetite and insomnia – which means
you actually can be so “in love” that you can’t eat
and can’t sleep. In fact, norepinephrine, also
known as noradrenalin, may sound familiar
because it plays a large role in the fight or
flight response, which kicks into high gear when
we’re stressed and keeps us alert. Brain scans of
people in love have actually shown that the
primary “reward” centers of the brain, including
the ventral tegmental area and the caudate
nucleus, fire like crazy when people are shown a
photo of someone they are intensely attracted to,
compared to when they are shown someone they
feel neutral towards (like an old high school
acquaintance).
companionship/
ATTRACTION…
 Finally, attraction seems to lead

to a reduction in serotonin, a
hormone that’s known to be
involved in appetite and mood.
Interestingly, people who suffer
from obsessive-compulsive
disorder also have low levels of
serotonin, leading scientists to
speculate that this is what
underlies the overpowering
infatuation that characterizes the
beginning stages of love.
companionship/
ATTACHMENT…
 Last but not least, attachment is the

predominant factor in long-term
relationships. While lust and
attraction are pretty much
exclusive to romantic
entanglements, attachment
mediates friendships, parent-infant
bonding, social cordiality, and
many other intimacies as well. The
two primary hormones here appear
to be oxytocin and vasopressin

ATTACHMENT…
 Oxytocin is often nicknamed
“cuddle hormone” for this reason.
Like dopamine, oxytocin is
produced by the hypothalamus
and released in large quantities
during sex, breastfeeding, and
childbirth. This may seem like a very
strange assortment of activities –
not all of which are necessarily
enjoyable – but the common factor
here is that all of these events are
precursors to bonding. It also makes
it pretty clear why having separate
areas for attachment, lust, and
attraction is important: we are
attached to our immediate family,
but those other emotions have no
business there (and let’s just say
people who have muddled this
up don’t have the best track
record).
companionship/
ON THE OTHER SIDE…
 This all paints quite the rosy
picture of love: hormones are
released, making us feel
good, rewarded, and close to
our romantic partners. But that
can’t be the whole story: love
is often accompanied by
jealousy, erratic behavior, and
irrationality, along with a host
of other less-than-positive
emotions and moods. It seems
that our friendly cohort of
hormones is also responsible
for the downsides of love.
companionship/
 The story is somewhat similar for oxytocin: too much of a good
thing can be bad. Recent studies on party drugs such as MDMA
and GHB shows that oxytocin may be the hormone behind
the feel-good, sociable effects these chemicals produce. These
positive feelings are taken to an extreme in this case, causing
the user to dissociate from his or her environment and act wildly
and recklessly.
 Furthermore, oxytocin’s role as a “bonding” hormone appears

to help reinforce the positive feelings we already feel towards
the people we love. That is, as we become more attached to
our families, friends, and significant others, oxytocin is working in
the background, reminding us why we like these people and
increasing our affection for them. While this may be a good
things for monogamy, such associations are not always positive.
For example, oxytocin has also been suggested to play a role in
ethnocentrism, increasing our love for people in our already-
established cultural groups and making those unlike us seem
more foreign (Figure 2). Thus, like dopamine, oxytocin can be a
bit of a double-edged sword.
companionship/
 And finally, what would love be without

embarrassment? Sexual arousal (but not
necessarily attachment) appears to turn
off regions in our brain that regulate critical
thinking, self-awareness, and rational
behavior, including parts of the prefrontal
cortex (Figure 2). In short, love makes us
dumb. Have you ever done something
when you were in love that you later
regretted? Maybe not. I’d ask a certain
star-crossed Shakespearean couple, but
it’s a little late for them.
companionship/
 So, in short, there is sort of a “formula” for
love. However, it’s a work in progress, and
there are many questions left unanswered.
And, as we’ve realized by now, it’s not just
the hormone side of the equation that’s
complicated. Love can be both the best
and worst thing for you – it can be the
thing that gets us up in the morning, or
what makes us never want to wake up
again. I’m not sure I could define “love”
for you if I kept you here for another ten
thousand pages.
 In the end, everyone is capable of
defining love for themselves. And, for
better or for worse, if it’s all hormones,
maybe each of us can have “chemistry”
with just about anyone. But whether or not
it goes further is still up to the rest of you.
companionship/
EROGENOUS ZONES
 Another important concept in understanding one’s
sexual self is the erogenous zone, which refers to
region in the human body that has increased
sensitivity, which, when stimulated, may create a
sexual response such as relaxation, thoughts of
sexual fantasies, sexual arousal and orgasm.
 Erogenous zones, may actually vary from one

person to another. Common ones are mouth (or
lips), breasts (or the nipples), genitals and anus.
 Some people may enjoy being touched in a certain

areas other than the other areas such as the neck,
collar bone, thighs, abdomen and feet.
http://professsorwill.blogspot.com/2013/04/class-3-your-erogenous-zones.html
HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
 Human sexual behavior is defined as any activity-
solitary, between two persons, or in a group that
induces sexual arousal. (Gebhard, P.H. 2017)
 Two major determinants:

1. The inherited sexual response patterns that
have evolved as a means of ensuring
reproduction and that become part of each
individual’s genetic inheritance;
2. The degree of restraint or other types of

influence exerted on the individual by society in
the expression of his sexuality.

HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
 Socio-sexual behavior is
generally divided into
heterosexual behavior or
homosexual behavior.
HETEROSEXUAL- male to female

HOMOSEXUAL- male to male;
female to female
If three of more individuals are

involved, it is, possible to have
heterosexual and homosexual
activity simultaneously. (Gebhard, P.H. 2017)
SOLITARY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
 The main objective of this behavior is to satisfy oneself

through “self-stimulation” that intends to cause sexual
arousal and usually orgasm or sexual climax. (Darby, 2004)
 Most of the time, it is done in private but may

sometimes be practiced to facilitate socio-sexual
relationship. (Darby, 2004)
 While solitary self-stimulation does provide and relief

from the tension of sexual excitement, it does not have
the same psychological gratification that interaction
with another person provides.
https://co.pinterest.com/pin/778067273099612287/
SOLITARY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
 Majority of males and females have fantasies of some
socio-sexual activity while they gratify themselves. The
fantasy involves idealized sexual partners and activities
that the individual has not experienced and even
might avoid in real life.
 Nowadays, humans are frequently being exposed to

sexual stimuli especially from advertising and social
media. Some adolescents become aggressive when
they respond to such stimuli.
 The rate of teenage pregnancy is increasing in our

time. The challenge is to develop self-control in order to
balance suppression and free expression.
Adolescence need to control their sexual response in
order to prevent premarital sex and acquire sexually https://www.hindustantimes.com/sex-and-relationships/alone-in-a-
crowd-here-s-how-you-can-beat-loneliness/story-
transmitted diseases. TY8xwuY8g8PS3JcWkPq3HL.html
SOCIOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR
 Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of
sociosexual behavior that occurs between only one
male and one female. It usually begins in the
childhood and may be motivated by curiosity, such as
showing or examining genitalia.
 There is varying degree of sexual impulse and

responsiveness among children. Physical contact
involving necking or petting is considered as an
ingredient of the learning process and eventually of
courtship and the selection of a marriage partner.
 Petting differs from hugging, kissing and generalized

caresses of the clothed body to practice involving
stimulation of the genitals.
https://co.pinterest.com/pin/645562927827052589
/
 Petting may be done as an expression of affection and
a source of pleasure, preliminary to coitus.
 Coitus, the insertion of the male reproductive structure

into female reproductive organ, is viewed by society
quite differently depending upon the marital status of
the individuals.
 In modern Western society, premarital coitus is more

likely tolerated but not encouraged if the individuals
intend marriage.
 In most societies, marital coitus is considered an

obligation.
 Extramarital coitus involving wives is generally
condemned and, if permitted, is allowed only under
exceptional conditions or with specified persons.
 Societies are becoming more considerate towards

male than females who engage in extramarital coitus.
This double standard of morality is also evident in
premarital life.
 Postmarital coitus (i.e. coitus by separated, divorced or

widowed persons) is almost always ignored. There is a
difficulty enforcing abstinence among sexually
experienced and usually older people for societies that
try to confine coitus in married couples.
 A behavior may be interpreted by society or the
individual as erotic (i.e., capable of engendering sexual
response) depending on the context in which the
behavior occurs.
 For instance, a kiss may be interpreted as a gesture of

expression or intimacy between couples while others
interpret it as a form of respect or reverence, like when
kissing the hand of an elder or someone in authority.
 Examination and touching someone’s genitalia is not

interpreted as a sexual act specially when done for
medical purposes. Consequently, the apparent https://phg.eu/about-germany/medical-visa-to-enter-germany
motivation of the behavior greatly determines its
interpretation.
PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE
Sexual response follows a patter of sequential stages or phases when sexual activity is continued.
1. Excitement Phase
 It is caused by increase in pulse and blood
pressure; a sudden rise in blood supply to
the surface of the body resulting in
increased skin temperature, flushing, and
swelling of all distensible body parts
(particularly noticeable in the male
reproductive structure and female
breasts), more rapid breathing, the
secretion of genital fluids, vaginal
expansion and a general increase in
muscle tension.
 These symptoms of arousal eventually
increase in near maximal physiological
level that leads to the next stage.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-bhcc-intropsych/chapter/sexual-behavior/
2. Plateau Phase
 Typically lasts for a short period of time. At

this stage, women experience further
swelling of the vagina and increased
blood flow in the labia minora.
 While men experience full erection often

accompanied by pre-ejaculatory fluid.
 If simulation is continued, orgasm usually

follows.
3. Sexual Climax or Orgasm
 It is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense
pleasure, a rapid increase in pulse rate
and blood pressure, and spasms of the
pelvic muscles causing contraction of the
female reproductive organ and
ejaculation by the male. It is also
characterized by involuntary
vocalizations.
 Sexual climax may last for a few seconds

(normally not over 10), after which the
individual enters the resolution phase.
4. Resolution Phase
 It is the last stage that refers to the return
to a normal or subnormal physiologic
state. Males and females are similar in
their response sequence.
 Whereas, males return to normal even if

stimulation continues, but continued
stimulation can produce additional
orgasms in females.
 Females are physically capable of

repeated orgasms without the intervening
“rest period” required by males.
COMMON SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9121-sexual-dysfunction
Common Sexual Dysfunction
Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9121-sexual-dysfunction
 Sexual issues or sexual disorders  Sexual problems are often

are influenced by many factors categorized in one of four ways:
such as:
1. Desire Disorders
1. Physiological
2. Arousal Disorders
2. Psychological
3. Orgasmic Disorders
3. Social Origin
4. Sexual Pain Disorders
What is sexual dysfunction?
 Sexual dysfunction can be any

problems that prevent a person or
couple from experiencing
satisfaction from sexual activity.
Some 43% of women and 31% of
men report some degree of sexual
dysfunction.
https://www.coastalsleep.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/VDay-ED-
1024x1024.jpg
What is sexual dysfunction?
 Sexual dysfunction refers to a problem occurring
during any phase of the sexual response cycle
that prevents the individual or couple from
experiencing satisfaction from the sexual
activity. The sexual response cycle traditionally
includes excitement, plateau, orgasm, and
resolution. Desire and arousal are both part of
the excitement phase of the sexual response.
 While research suggests that sexual dysfunction

is common (43 percent of women and 31
percent of men report some degree of
difficulty), it is a topic that many people are
hesitant to discuss. Because treatment options
are available, it is important to share your
concerns with your partner and healthcare
provider.
https://keyassets-p2.timeincuk.net/wp/prod/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2015/09/back-
kissing.jpg
What are the types of sexual
dysfunctions?
 Sexual dysfunction generally is classified into four
categories:
1. Desire disorders- lack of sexual desire or interest in sex

2. Arousal disorders- inability to become physically aroused
or excited during sexual activity
3. Orgasm disorders- delay or absence of orgasm (climax)
4. Pain disorders- pain during intercourse
https://library.neura.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2013/05/Sexual-dysfunction.jpeg
Who is affected by sexual
dysfunction?
 Sexual dysfunction can affect any age,

although it is more common in those
over 40 because it is often related to a
decline in health associated with
aging.
https://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_to
ols/sex_drive_changes_age_slideshow/1800ss_getty_rf_sad_man_on_bed.jpg?resize=650p
x:*
What are the symptoms of sexual
dysfunction?
IN MEN
 Inability to achieve or maintain an

erection suitable for intercourse (erectile
dysfunction)
 Absent or delayed ejaculation despite
adequate sexual stimulation (retarded
ejaculation)
 Inability to control the timing of
ejaculation (early or premature
ejaculation) https://weillcornell.org/sites/default/files/styles/custom__1440x960_/public/news_images/ge
ttyimages-840110250.jpg?itok=vM4kjC6S
dysfunction?
IN WOMEN
 Inability to achieve orgasm

 Inadequate vaginal lubrication before
and during intercourse
 Inability to relax the vaginal muscles
enough to allow intercourse
https://www.chickswithmds.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/FSD6.jpg
dysfunction?
IN MEN AND WOMEN:
 Lack of interest in or desire for sex

 Inability to become aroused
 Pain with intercourse
https://assets.lybrate.com/eagle/uploads/cca97c80d89ae5468547088748abbee7/87abf3.jpg
What causes sexual dysfunction?
 Physical causes — Many physical and/or
medical conditions can cause problems with
sexual function. These conditions include
diabetes, heart and vascular (blood vessel)
disease, neurological disorders, hormonal
imbalances, chronic diseases such as kidney or
liver failure, and alcoholism and drug abuse. In
addition, the side effects of some medications,
including some antidepressant drugs, can
affect sexual function.
 Psychological causes — These include work-

related stress and anxiety, concern about
sexual performance, marital or relationship
problems, depression, feelings of guilt,
concerns about body image, and the effects https://cdn.psychologytoday.com/sites/default/files/styles/article-inline-half-
of a past sexual trauma. caption/public/field_blog_entry_images/2020-01/shame5.png?itok=UgBbs2pY
NATURAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION
(https://nurseslabs.com/family-planning-methods/)
Abstinence
 This natural method involves abstaining from

sexual intercourse and is the most effective
natural birth control method with ideally 0%
fail rate.
 It is also the most effective way to avoid STIs.
 However, most people find it difficult to
comply with abstinence, so only a few of
them use this method.
https://www.theswcsun.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Abstinencee.jpg
Calendar Method
 Also called as the rhythm method, this
natural method of family planning involves
refraining from coitus during the days that
the woman is fertile.
 According to the menstrual cycle, 3 or 4
days before and 3 or 4 days after ovulation,
the woman is likely to conceive.
 The process in calculating for the woman’s
safe days is achieved when the woman
records her menstrual cycle for six months.
 She subtracts 18 from the shortest cycle and
the difference is the first fertile day.
 She also subtracts 11 from the longest cycle, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/GbvOpLR_44Ty6ED3YVgJfjMxlKleKTnKl_L5ur2n7
PMWX0ZN8BHtbior2Ad-
and this becomes the last fertile day. BxfXXgcsdXf6hjKd58ezssqGpEa5AAmMUZJxFFoCm9gvqQAPFS42qysl2jKLQhD7DNmy0
ahhMRX4IH9Kr5m3maXI7rkNOQC2vg
Basal Body Temperature
 The basal body temperature is the woman’s

temperature at rest.
 BBT falls at 0.5⁰F before the day of ovulation
and during ovulation, it rises to a full degree
because of progesterone and maintains its
level throughout the menstrual cycle, and
this is the basis for the method.
 The woman must take her temperature
early every morning before any activity, and
if she notices that there is a slight decrease
and then an increase in her temperature,
this is a sign that she has ovulated.
https://www.fertilityfriend.com/layout2/courses/1/lesson7BBT.png
Cervical Mucus Method
 The basis of this method is the changes in the
cervical mucus during ovulation.
 To check if the woman is ovulating, the
cervical mucus must be copious, thin, and
watery.
 The cervical mucus must exhibit the property
of spinnbarkeit, wherein it can be stretched
up until at least 1 inch and feels slippery.
 The fertile days of a woman according to this
method is as long as the cervical mucus is
copious and watery and a day after it.
Therefore, she must avoid coitus during these
days.
 When used typically, it has a fail rate of 25%.
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/2130/4789/files/819695787516905310.jpg?v=1531859785
Symptothermal Method
 The symptothermal method is simply a
combination of the BBT method and the
cervical mucus method.
 The woman takes her temperature every
morning before getting up and also takes
note of any changes in her cervical mucus
every day.
 She abstains from coitus 3 days after a rise in
her temperature or on the fourth day after
the peak of a mucus change.
 Symptothermal method has an ideal failure
rate of 2%.
https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/91/Get-Pregnant-Using-the-Sympto-Thermal-
Method-Step-1-Version-2.jpg/v4-460px-Get-Pregnant-Using-the-Sympto-Thermal-Method-
Step-1-Version-2.jpg
Ovulation Detection
 The ovulation detection method is an

over-the-counter kit that can predict
ovulation through the surge of
luteinizing hormone that happens 12 to
24 hours before ovulation.
 The kit requires the urine specimen of
the woman to detect the LH.
 The kit is 98% to 99% accurate and is
fast becoming the method of choice
by women.
https://flo.health/uploads/media/sulu-1200x630/02/492-Ovulation%20kit.jpg?v=1-0&inline=1
Lactation Amenorrhea Method
 Through exclusive breastfeeding of the
infant, the woman is able to suppress
ovulation through the method of
lactation amenorrhea method.
 However, if the infant is not exclusively
breastfed, this method would not be
an effective birth control method.
 It is also best to advise the woman
that after 3 months of exclusive
breastfeeding, she must make plans of
choosing another method of
contraception.
https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQd5Z5rP5ium
DcFBJduL_Y4t4us7lQkPIKTrg&usqp=CAU
Coitus Interruptus
 This is one of the oldest methods of

contraception.
 The couple still proceeds with the coitus,
but the man withdraws the moment he
ejaculates to emit the spermatozoa
outside of the vagina.
 The disadvantage of this method is the
pre-ejaculation fluid that contains a few
spermatozoa that may
cause fertilization.
 Coitus interruptus is only 75% effective
because of this.
https://www.yospermtest.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Azoospermia-Blog-Image-Sperm-
Motility-Motile-Sperm-Semen-Analysis.jpg
ARTIFICIAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION
(https://nurseslabs.com/family-planning-methods/)
Oral Contraceptives
 Also known as the pill, oral contraceptives
contain synthetic estrogen and
progesterone.
 Estrogen suppresses the FSH and LH to
suppress ovulation, while progesterone
decreases the permeability of the cervical
mucus to limit the sperm’s access to the
ova.
 To use the pill, it is recommended that the
woman takes the first pill on the first Sunday
after the beginning of a menstrual flow, or
the woman may choose to start the pill as
soon as it is prescribed.
 Advise the woman that the first 7 days of
taking the pill would still not have an effect,
so the couple must use another
contraceptive method on the initial 7 days.
https://www.news-
medical.net/image.axd?picture=2019%2F10%2F%40shutterstock_660070831.jpg
Transdermal Patch
 The transdermal patch has a combination
of both estrogen and progesterone in a
form of a patch.
 For three weeks, the woman should apply
one patch every week on the following
areas: upper outer arm, upper torso,
abdomen, or buttocks.
 At the fourth week, no patch is applied
because the menstrual flow would then
occur.
 The area where the patch is applied should
be clean, dry, free from any applications.
And without any redness or irritation.
https://i0.wp.com/images-
prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/topic_centers/TD02_locations.jpg?w=1155&
h=840
Vaginal Ring
 The vaginal ring releases a combination of
estrogen and progesterone and surrounds
the cervix.
 This silicon ring is inserted vaginally and
remains there for 3 weeks, then removed on
the fourth week as menstrual flow would
occur.
 The woman becomes fertile as soon as the
ring is removed.
 The vaginal ring has the same effectivity
rate as the oral contraceptives.
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19704.jpg
Subdermal Implants
 The subdermal implants are two rod-like

implants embedded under the skin of the
woman during her menses or on the 7th day
of her menstruation to make sure that she is
not pregnant.
 It contains etonogestrel, desogestrel, and
progestin.
 It is effective for 3 to 5 years.
 Subdermal implants have a fail rate of 1%.
https://content.healthwise.net/resources/12.6/en-us/media/medical/hw/h9991503_001.jpg
Hormonal Injections
 A hormonal injection consists of
medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone, and
given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly.
 The injection inhibits ovulation and causes
changes in the endometrium and the
cervical mucus.
 After administration the site should not be
massaged so it could absorb slowly.
 It has an effectiveness of almost 100%,
making it one of the most popular choices
for birth control.
 Advise the woman to ingest an adequate
amount of calcium in her diet as there is a
risk for decreased of bone mineral density https://s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/images.deccanchronicle.com/dc-Cover-
o5r1i8u0ev62go1k9mc7evfjq1-20190807105113.Medi.jpeg
and to engage in weight-bearing exercises.

Intrauterine Device
 An IUD is a small, T-shaped object that is
inserted into the uterus via the vagina.
 It prevents fertilization by creating a local
sterile inflammatory condition to prevent
implantation.
 The IUD is fitted only by the physician and
inserted after the woman’s menstrual flow
to be sure that she is not pregnant.
 The device contains progesterone and is
effective for 5 to 7 years.
 A woman with IUD is advised to check the
flow of her menstruation every month and
the IUD string, and also to have a pelvic
examination yearly. https://www.mountnittany.org/assets/images/krames/441514.jpg
Chemical Barriers
 Chemical barriers such as spermicides,

vaginal gels and creams, and glycerin
films are also used to cause the death of
sperms before they can enter the cervix
and also lower the pH level of the vagina
so it will not become conducive for the
sperm.
 These chemical barriers cannot prevent
sexually transmitted infections; however,
they can be bought without any
prescription.
 The ideal fail rate of chemical barriers is
80%.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/YiyF3Zce_DE_VTeK781iNOQaneI=/1777x1333/smar
t/filters:no_upscale()/GettyImages-1055503558-5c19761f46e0fb0001059f3b.jpg
Diaphragm
 A diaphragm works by inhibiting the

entrance of the sperm into the vagina.
 It is a circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix
and should be placed before coitus.
 If a spermicide is combined with the use of
a diaphragm, there is a failure rate of 6%
ideally and 16% typically.
 The diaphragm should be fitted only by the
physician, and should remain in place for 6
hours after coitus.
 It can be left in place for not more than 24
hours to avoid inflammation or irritation.
https://eastsidegynecology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/diaphragm.jpg
Cervical Cap
• The cervical cap is another barrier method

that is made of soft rubber and fitted on the
rim of the cervix.
• It is shaped like a thimble with a thin rim,
and could stay in place for not more than
48 hours.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-
consumer/images/2013/08/26/10/21/my00986_im04283_mcdc7_cervicalcapthu_jpg.j
pg
Male Condoms
 The male condom is a latex or synthetic
rubber sheath that is placed on the erect
penis before vaginal penetration to trap the
sperm during ejaculation.
 It can prevent STIs and can be bought over-
the-counter without any fitting needed.
 Male condoms have an ideal fail rate of 2%
and a typical fail rate of 15% due to a break
in the sheath’s integrity or spilling.
 After sexual intercourse, the condom is
removed to be disposed.
https://toolkits.knowledgesuccess.org/sites/default/files/site_images/470-9.jpg
Female Condoms
 These are also latex rubber sheaths that are

specially designed for females and pre-
lubricated with spermicide.
 It has an inner ring that covers the cervix
and an outer, open ring that is placed
against the vaginal opening.
 These are disposable and require no
prescription.
 The fail rate of female condoms is 12% to
22%. https://live-production.wcms.abc-
cdn.net.au/cfaa679b54c40a643d2893b835281964?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=10
80&cropW=1918&xPos=1&yPos=0&width=862&height=485
Surgical Methods
 Vasectomy - Males undergo vasectomy,

which is executed through a small incision
made on each side of the scrotum.
 Tubal Ligation - In women, tubal ligation is

performed by occluding the fallopian tubes
through cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to
inhibit the passage of the both the sperm
and the ova.
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/pluginfile.php/4620/mod_oucontent/oucontent/103/no
ne/none/family_planning_session9_fig2.jpg
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
(https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases)
Sexually Transmitted Disease
FACTS
The term sexually transmitted disease
(STD) is used to refer to a condition
passed from one person to another
through sexual contact. You can
contract an STD by having unprotected
vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone
who has the STD.
https://ercare24.com/wp-content/uploads/std-sexually-transmitted-diseases.jpg
Symptoms in Men
 pain or discomfort during sex or urination

 sores, bumps, or rashes on or around the penis,
testicles, anus, buttocks, thighs, or mouth
 unusual discharge or bleeding from the penis
 painful or swollen testicles
Symptoms in Women
 pain or discomfort during sex or urination

 sores, bumps, or rashes on or around the
vagina, anus, buttocks, thighs, or mouth
 unusual discharge or bleeding from the
vagina
 itchiness in or around the vagina
Chlamydia
 A certain type of bacteria causes
chlamydia. It’s the most commonly reported
STD among Americans, notes the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC)Trusted Source.
 Many people with chlamydia have no
noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do
develop, they often include:
-pain or discomfort during sex or urination;
-green or yellow discharge from the penis
or vagina;
-pain in the lower abdomen. https://www.avert.org/sites/default/files/chlamydia%20crop.jpg
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
 Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that can

be passed from one person to another
through intimate skin-to-skin or sexual contact.
There are many different strains of the virus.
Some are more dangerous than others.
 The most common symptoms of HPV are warts

on the genitals, mouth, or throat.
https://cdn-w.medlife.com/2018/06/HPV-infection.jpg
Syphillis
 Syphilis is another bacterial infection. It often
goes unnoticed in its early stages.
 The first symptom to appear is a small round
sore, known as a chancre. It can develop
on your genitals, anus, or mouth. It’s painless
but very infectious.
 Fortunately, if caught early enough, syphilis
is easily treated with antibiotics. However,
syphilis infection in a newborn can be fatal.
That’s why it’s important for all pregnant
women to be screened for syphilis.
 The earlier syphilis is diagnosed and treated,
the less damage it does. https://i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/Image-
Galleries/Secondary-Syphilis/SYPH021-01-EarlyStages.jpg?w=1155
HIV
 HIV can damage the immune system and raise the risk of
contracting other viruses or bacteria and certain cancers. If
left untreated, it can lead to stage 3 HIV, known as AIDS. But
with today’s treatment, many people living with HIV don’t
ever develop AIDS.
 There’s no cure for HIV yet, but treatment options are
available to manage it. Early and effective treatment can
help people with HIV live as long as those without HIV.
 Proper treatment can also lower your chances
of transmitting HIV to a sexual partner. In fact, treatment can
potentially lower the amount of HIV in your body to
undetectable levels.
 Without routine testing, many people with HIV don’t realize
they have it. To promote early diagnosis and treatment,
the CDCTrusted Source recommends that everyone https://files.womenshealth.gov/files/images/hiv-
between the ages of 13 and 64 be tested at least once. aids_basics_landing_fullsize.jpg?6f1a66jKKoqlohsKsg1uy6VvG068sNFg
People at high risk of HIV should be tested at least once a

year, even if they don’t have symptoms.
Gonorrhea
 Gonorrhea is another common bacterial STD.

It’s also known as “the clap.”
 It’s possible for a mother to pass gonorrhea
onto a newborn during childbirth. When that
happens, gonorrhea can cause serious health
problems in the baby. That’s why many
doctors encourage pregnant women to get
tested and treated for potential STDs.
 Gonorrhea can usually be treated with
antibiotics.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/3B-
BEDsPzQv48IRaaul3AwobUq0=/1001x1001/smart/filters:no_upscale()/gonorrhea_symp
toms-5ae0aa1fa9d4f9003707f58a.png
Pubic Lice “Crabs”
 “Crabs” is another name for pubic lice.

They’re tiny insects that can take up
residence on your pubic hair. Like head lice
and body lice, they feed on human blood.
 You might also be able to see the lice or
their tiny white eggs around the roots of
pubic hair. A magnifying glass can help you
spot them.
 If left untreated, pubic lice can spread to
other people through skin-to-skin contact or
shared clothing, bedding, or towels.
Scratched bites can also become infected.
It’s best to treat pubic lice infestations
immediately.
https://images.theconversation.com/files/110560/original/image-20160208-18274-
10pnkm9.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip
Trichomoniasis
 Trichomoniasis is also known as “trich.” It’s

caused by a tiny protozoan organism that
can be passed from one person to another
through genital contact.
 Trich can be treated with antibiotics.
https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/trichomoniasis.jpg?quality=85&strip=all
Herpes
 Herpes is the shortened name for the herpes simplex virus
(HSV). There are two main strains of the virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Both can be transmitted sexually. It’s a very common STD. The
CDC estimates more than 1 out of 6 people ages 14 to 49 have
herpes in the United States.
 HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes, which is responsible for cold

sores. However, HSV-1 can also be passed from one person’s
mouth to another person’s genitals during oral sex. When this
happens, HSV-1 can cause genital herpes.
 HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes.
 The most common symptom of herpes is blistery sores. In the

case of genital herpes, these sores develop on or around the
genitals. In oral herpes, they develop on or around the mouth.
 Herpes sores generally crust over and heal within a few weeks. https://treatherpes.org/wp-
The first outbreak is usually the most painful. Outbreaks typically content/uploads/2019/04/depositphotos_119085860-stock-photo-herpes-on-
the-human-body-300x200.jpg
become less painful and frequent over time.
PETA 12
1. Agree or Disagree: Are you in favor

of a Divorce Law in the Philippines?
Justify your answer.
2. Agree or Disagree: Are you in favor

of same sex marriage? Justify your https://www.facebook.com/bradensummers/
photos/a.226186180819817/1138000349638391
answer.
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/758364024728095775/
Reference List:
1. Alata EJP, Caslib BN, Serafica JPJ & Pawilen, RA. Understanding the Self. Manila: Rex Publishing.
2. Cruz, B.L. (2018). Understanding the Self, First Edition. Paranaque: JTCA Publishing.
3. Darby, R. (2004). “Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation”. Journal of Social History.
4.Gebhard, Paul Henry. 2017. Human Sexual Behavior. Accessed October 11, 2017 from:
https://www.Britannica.com/topic/human-sexual-behaviour
5. Wu, K., Adhikary, T. Love, Actually: The science behind lust, attraction and companionship. Retrieved on 10 October 2020 from:
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/love-actually-science-behind-lust-attraction-companionship/
CREDITS TO OTHER ONLINE SOURCES
https://www.facebook.com/bradensummers
https://nurseslabs.com/family-planning-methods/
https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases

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The Sexual Self

 Examine the sexual self.

 Think of the last time you ran into

 The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role

 Meanwhile, attraction seems to be

Braden Summers Image + Motion

 Finally, attraction seems to lead

 Last but not least, attachment is the

Braden Summers Image + Motion

 Furthermore, oxytocin’s role as a “bonding” hormone appears

 And finally, what would love be without

 Erogenous zones, may actually vary from one

 Some people may enjoy being touched in a certain

 Two major determinants:

2. The degree of restraint or other types of

Braden Summers Image + Motion

HETEROSEXUAL- male to female

If three of more individuals are

 The main objective of this behavior is to satisfy oneself

 Most of the time, it is done in private but may

 While solitary self-stimulation does provide and relief

 Nowadays, humans are frequently being exposed to

 The rate of teenage pregnancy is increasing in our

 There is varying degree of sexual impulse and

 Petting differs from hugging, kissing and generalized

 Coitus, the insertion of the male reproductive structure

 In modern Western society, premarital coitus is more

 In most societies, marital coitus is considered an

 Societies are becoming more considerate towards

 Postmarital coitus (i.e. coitus by separated, divorced or

 For instance, a kiss may be interpreted as a gesture of

 Examination and touching someone’s genitalia is not

 Typically lasts for a short period of time. At

 While men experience full erection often

 If simulation is continued, orgasm usually

 Sexual climax may last for a few seconds

 Whereas, males return to normal even if

 Females are physically capable of

 Sexual issues or sexual disorders  Sexual problems are often

 Sexual dysfunction can be any

 While research suggests that sexual dysfunction

1. Desire disorders- lack of sexual desire or interest in sex

 Sexual dysfunction can affect any age,

 Inability to achieve or maintain an

 Inability to achieve orgasm

IN MEN AND WOMEN:

 Lack of interest in or desire for sex

 Psychological causes — These include work-

 This natural method involves abstaining from

 The basal body temperature is the woman’s

 The ovulation detection method is an

 This is one of the oldest methods of

 The subdermal implants are two rod-like

and to engage in weight-bearing exercises.

 Chemical barriers such as spermicides,

 A diaphragm works by inhibiting the

• The cervical cap is another barrier method

 These are also latex rubber sheaths that are

 Vasectomy - Males undergo vasectomy,

 Tubal Ligation - In women, tubal ligation is

 pain or discomfort during sex or urination

 pain or discomfort during sex or urination

 Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that can