∏´V\ nyÔ cÁ¶l_ ´∫Ô ´V\V–¤D >D√]l™Ï

Y.‘¸ÿk_‚ M.A., M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed., PGDPM.,

√‚¶>Vˆ k´ÈVu≈VEˆBÏ
∏≠© Í√Ï º\_WÁÈ©√^π, ÿ>©√¬z·D, ]ÚflE.

1
 Â[§
k´ÈVuÁ≈ kΩkÁ\›m ÿkπl¶
kÁÔ º>ΩB º√Vm -
ckÁÔ•¶[ \™xkÕm \º™V Aº´Vº\V‚¶Vϸ
cˆÁ\BV·Ï ]Ú. ®D. ∏ˆ[¸ ∂kÏÔ”D
mÁ≈RÏ ]Ú. n. º\VÔ[>V¸ ∂kÏÔ”D,
∞uƬÿÔVı¶m
c∫Ô^ ªaBˆ[ cıÁ\ ªaB›Á>...
c∫Ô”¬z √Á¶¬Ôºk!

x>_ kVƒÔ™VF √Ω›m xu§KD ∏Áw ¿¬Ô c>sB

A. ˆflƒÏ‚ ÿ«[§ ´V¤[, ®D.∞., ®D.®‚.,
√‚¶>Vˆ gEˆBÏ,
∏≠© Í√Ï º\_ WÁÈ©√^π, ÿ>©√¬z·D, ]ÚflE.

2
 ®[–Á´
,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; miltjw;F Kd; eilngw;w murpay;
rhh;e;j epfo;Tfs;> mjd; ghjpg;Gfs;> mjdhy; jpUr;rigf;Fk;
jpUr;rig Copah;fSf;Fk; fpilj;j jz;lidfs; vd gy;NtW
ghpkhzq;fis cs;slf;fpa ,e;j jpUehL fyhr;ruhj;Jf;Fk;>
Mr; r huq; f Sf; F k; . kuGrhh; newp KiwfSf; F k; > %lgof; f
tof;fj;jpw;Fk; jd;idj;jhNd mbikahf;fpf; nfhz;lJ.

1942 Mk; Mz;L Njrpa jiyth;fs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ljhy;

Njr kf;fs; Gul;rpapy; ,wq;fpdh;. ePjpkd;wk;> Giftz;b epiyak;
Mfpait jPff ; piuahf;fg;gl;ld. ‘,J kd;dhh;F ; b kf;fspd; kdij
cilj;Jg;Nghl;lJ. tUlhe;jpu Njhj;jpug;gz;bif nfhz;lhl
$l jaf;fk; fhl;bdh;. kf;fs; jpUr;rig kf;fis kpul;ly;
%yk; mlf;fp itj;jdh;.

jPapd; nfhOe;J xU Gwk;> kWGwk; jPuhj jhfj;NjhL

xUtd; > ghLfis Vw; W > mtkjpg; i g Vw; W > fpwp]; J Tf; f ha;
vy;yhtw;iwAk;.. jfg;gd;> jha;. kidtp> Rw;wk;> cwT> Ch; vd
mj;jidAk; Jwe;J Mtpapd; mdy; ghpRj;j Mtpahdth; %yk;
nfhOeJ tpl;L vhpa ,NaRTf;fha; vOk;gpg;gpufhrpj;j tuyhW
jhd; ,e;jg;gjpTfs; mth;jhd; uq;f uhkhD[k;.

,dp......

3
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kVμ›mÁ´

7
g>V´ ±_Ô^ :

1. Paul Ranga Ramanujam-Servant of Jesus Christ by J.J.ELLIS

Cargate Press, Holborn Hall, London, E.C.I. 1949

2. The First Decade. Rajaiah D. PAUL, CLS

The Dicesan Press, Madras-7, 1958

gEˆBˆ[ ∏≈ ±_Ô^
1. ®[ ªÏ ®[ \¬Ô^
2. Vignette of a Village
3. ~Ào[ ∏´Vı‚
4. ]ÚflE - >fiÁƒ ªaBÏÔ^
5. ]ÚflƒÁ√ ÂÁÔfl∑Ák

ÿkπk´ ÷Ú©√Ák
1. ]Ú\ıΩÈ Ô_s WÆk™∫Ô^-A›#Ï √z] √VÔD-1
2. ˛§¸ΩB[ ∏´¶ˆ¬ ¸kVÏ‚¸
3. Bishop Heber-Arrival and Departure

8
 ´∫Ô ´V\V–¤D

,th; kPirapy;yh ghujp

kPl;ghpd; rhujp ,th;-
ghujpahh; my;y> ghjphpahh;
,th; Kz;lhRf;ftpQd; my;y- jd;id
KOtJk; nfhLj;j ,isQd;
“ghtkpy;yh ghh;g;gzh;
gukdpd; Copah;.
“#j;jpuq;fs; gy fw;wth;
#oiy ntd;W kPz;lth;
“cwTfis Jwe;jth;
cilikfis kwe;jth;
“Kg;∏hp E}y; Ntypia mWj;jth;
%thpd; md;ghy; jpisj;jth;.
RNyhfq;fis Riknad fUjpath;
Rfkhd mh;r;rfg;gzpia fOtpath;.
fh;j;jhpd; gzpNa rpwe;jnjd
fUkNk fz;zhapdhh;- ,NaRtpd;
uj;jj;jpd; ty;yikahNyNa
uq;f uhkhD¤k; gTyhdhh;.

9
 \[™VÏzΩ

Nrho kd;ddpd; MSiff;Fl;gl;L “Nfhapy; ghjp> Fsk;

ghjp” vd;w ehl;Lg;gonkhopf;Nfw;g> Fsq;fisnfhz;l tz;ly;kz;
G+kp> mq;Nf ,e;J kj fyhr;rhuKk;> ,e;jpa fyhr;rhuKk;
gpd;dpg;gpize;J murpaYk;> Md;kpfKk; jioj;Njhq;fpaJ ,e;j
Chpd; ngah;f;fhuzk; kd;dh; jk; kf;;fis Fbakh;j;jpa ,lkhf
fUjg; g bd; ,J ‘kd; kd; d h; F b
b’ vd; W ,Ue; J gpd; d h; kUtp
kd;dhh;Fb
‘kd; b’ vd;wiof;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. my;yJ njYq;F nkhopapy;
Fb
Fb’ vd;why; Nfhtpy; ‘kd;
‘Fb kd;dhh;’ vd;gJ ‘uh[hkd;
uh[hkd;dhh;’ mjhtJ
,uh[Nfhghyd; jq;fpa jpUj;jyk; vd;Wk; miog;ghh;fs;. ,e;j
,uh[NfhghyRthkp Nfhapiyr;Rw;wp FbapUg;Gfs; mike;jpUe;jd.
ngUk;ghYk; gpuhkzh;fs; Nfhapy; G+i[ nra;tjw;fhfTk;>
ghpfhuk;> MW fhy g+i[> vd ,e;J kjfyhr;rhu Kiwfspd;gb
nra;a rk];fpUjk; fw;w gz;bjh;fs; Nfhapiyr;Rw;wpYk;
Fbakh;j;jg;gl;bUe;jhh;fs;. ,th;fs; kpfTk; Mr;rhuk; kpf;fth;fs;.
,e; J rka top tpl; L gpwohjth; f s; . ,th; f sJ Foe; i jfs;
midtUk; ke; j puk; XJjy; > G+i[ nra; j y; vd rkanewp
fhhpaq; f is ¬ iff; n fhs; s ,sikapNyNa fw; W f; n fhs; s r;
nra;jdh;. ,t;thwhd njPf FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jth;fs; midtUk;
ehkj;ij new;wpapy; jhpj;J newp gpwoh topapy; tho;f;ifia
tho;ej
; th;fs;.
ÿk^Á·Bº™ ÿkπºBÆ !
1942k; tUlj;jpd; tre;jfhy khiyg;nghOJ - ,e;jpa
jpU ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf Nghuhba Njrj;jiyth;fs; mNefh;
ifJ nra;ag;gl;bUe;jdh;. ehnlq;Fk; gjl;lk;> jPitg;G> jhf;Fjy;.

10
 ,e;epiyapy; jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp gioa rh;fa
; +l; khspifapy;
tUlhe;jpu ];Njhj;jpu gz;biff;fhf> jz;l thsj;jpypUe;J jlk;
Guz;l Giftz;bapd; vr;rkpr;rq;fs; cjphp ghfq;fs; midj;Jk;
fle;J Copah;fspd; ,yf;fhf eph;zapf;fg;gl;l kd;dhh;Fbf;F
gazg; g l; l dh; . ,th; f Sf; F vJTk; NeuhJ> Vnddpy; ,J
uh[h[papd; Njrk; vd;W cj;jputhjk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
Mdhy; xU Fk; g y; Giftz; b epiyaj; i jAk; >
ePjpkd;wj;ijAk; jPapl;lJ. ,j;jUzj;jpy; fpwp];jth;fSf;F
tpNuhjkhf mr;RWj;jy; mDg;gg;gl;lJ. Kg;gJ Mz;LfSf;F
Kd;dNu jq;fs; jpahfj;jpdhy; cUthf;fpa me;j Myaj;jpy;
NjtDila miog;ig Nfl;lth;fs; nrtp nfhLj;jhh;fs;>
fPo;g;gbe;jhh;fs;. ,th;fs; Njt md;gpy; jPuh jhfk; nfhz;lth;fs;>
mt;thW jq;fis mh;gg ; zpj;Jf;nfhz;lth;fspy; xUth;> Jzpe;J
fh;jj; Uf;F nrayhw;wpath;> mioj;j miog;gpd; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf
vy;yhtw;iwAk; e~;lnkd;W vz;zp> ge;ja nghUspd; ,yf;if
Nehf; f p vz; z j; i j nrYj; j path; . me; j khiyg; n ghOjpd;
NtisapNy kd;dhh;Fb Njthyaj;jpNyNa mr;RWj;jYf;F
kj;jpapNyNa Mz;ltiu Jjpf;f› jiyg;gl;ldh;.
nts; i saNd ntspNaW
‘nts; ntspNaW’ ,af; f k; ehL KOtJk;
Koq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ> xU nts;isad; kd;dhh;Fbapy;
cs;Ns te;jhh;. mq;Nf xU fWj;j epwk; nfhz;l 15taJ
kjpf; f ›jf; f khztd; me; j nts; i saiu> mtuJ gof; f
tof;fq;fis cw;W Nehf;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
kd; d hh; F bapy; NfhGu thry; Fsj; j py; mq; F s; s
tNahjpfh;fSk;> thypgh;fSk; $b #hpad; cjakhtjw;F Kd;Ng
Mapuf; f zf; f hd tUlq; f shf cr; r hpf; F k; rk]; f pUj
];Nyhfj;ij cr;rhpj;J> Fspj;J> new;wpapYk;;, iffspYk;.
khh;gpYk, Fq;FkKk;> tpG+jpiaAk; ,l;L¬ nfhs;tJ mth;fsJ
rka newpahf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; thypgh;fs; ,itfis Nfyp

11
nra;Jk;> Ntbf;ifahfTk;> rpy rkak; mtw;iw Fy hPjpahf
Vw;Wf;nfhz;Lk; tsh;e;J te;jdh;.
new;wpapy; eLNt nrq;Fj;J rptg;G NfhLk;, mjd; ,UGwKk;
ehkk;’ vd;W mth;fshy;
nts;is tpG+jpf;NfhLk; ,Ljy; ‘ehkk;
miof;fg;gl;L mth;fs; midtUk; tp~;Zit topgLgth;fs;
vd;gij Nfhbl;L fhl;Lk; ,Jjhd; gpuhkzh;fspd; md;whl
tof;fKk;> Mr;rhu xOq;Fkhf gpd;gw;wg;gl;L te;jJ.
,t;thwhf fhzg;gl;l me;j me;jzh;fs; $l;lj;jpy; fWj;j
epwk; nfhz;l rpWtid ghh;j;J me;j nts;is Copah; cdJ
ePAk; gpd;Ny fy;Y}hp khztdh
ngah; vd;d? “eP khztdh”? vd;W Nfl;lhh;.
me; j rpWtd; ƒw; W jaq; f p> “vdJ vdJ ngah; uq; f
uhkhD[k
uhkhD[k;” vd;whd;. me;j Mq;fpNya CopaUf;F me;jg;nggh;
kpfTk; ePzl; jhfTk;> cr;rhpf;f fbdkhfTk; ,Ue;jgbahy; N[.N[
vy;yp];> rNfhjud; gTy; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;l me;jg;ngaiu
khw;Wg;ngauhf gad;gLj;j MNyhrid $wpdhh;. ,J kPz;Lk;
mtidg;ghh;fF ; k; NghJ epidT $w> miof;f vspjhf ,Uf;Fk;
ghy;’ vd Mq;fpyj;jpy; mioj;j NghJ me;j fWg;G
vd $wp ‘ghy;
rpWtdpd; fz;fs; gdpj;jd.
\[™VÏzΩ - 1908
kd; d hh; F bapd; kz; z pd; ike; j h; f s; mNefkhf
mh;r;rfh;fs; FLk;gj;jpdh;fs;> Fwpg;ghf ,isQh;fs; Md;kPf
ghjpg;G ,y;yhky; tho;f;ifg;ghij mikg;gJ ,ayhj fhhpak;.
1908 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;j Chpd; mikg;G gw;wp fhz;Nghk;.
´V¤T] :
mfd;w uh[ tPjpfs;> ehd;F vy;ifspYk; thpt#ypf;f
Rq;f Eio thapy;> filfs; KOtJk; kyh;fshy; Mf;ukpf;fg;gl;l
tpw;gid nghUs;fs;> goq;fs;> vd KOtJk; gugug;ghd
tpw;gidapy; fhiyAk; khiyAk; fhzg;gLk; fis fl;Lk;

12
tp~aq;fs; tPjpnaq;Fk; fhzyhk;. kuq;fs; mlh;e;j tPjpfSk;.
Nfhtpy;fSk;> tPLfSk; efUf;Fk;> ehl;Lf;Fk; myq;fhukhf¬
jpfOk;. Nfhtpiyr;Rw;wp Fsq;fSk;> tPLNjhWk; NfzpfSk;
gad;ghl;bw;F gfph;e;jspf;fgl;l rkhr;rhuq;fs;.
khTk;> njd;idAk;> gidAk;> GspakuKk; Nghh;itnad
Nghh; j ; j g; g l; l J Nghy; fhzg; g Lk; ,utpy; kuq; f spy;
kpd;kpdpg;G+r;rpfspd; xsp thdj;J el;rj;jpuq;fs; G+kpapy; ,wq;fp
te;j czh;it njhptpf;Fk;.
uh[Nfhghy Rthkp Nfhtpy;: ,J fpU~; z Df; F
kWngah; nfhz;l Nfhtpy;. ,J ,ul;il myq;fr;Rth;fshy;
tbtikf;fg;gl;L fw;Rth;fspd; NkNy cah;j;jg;gl;l NfhGuk;
me;j Rw;W tl;lhuk; KOtJf;Fr; milahskhf jpfo;e;jJ.
mq;fpUe;J Neuhf jQ;ir muz;kidf;F ghij mikf;fgl;ljhf
tuyhw;Wf;Fwpg;G cz;L. ,e;jf;Nfhapypy; mDjpdKk; topghL
ele;J tUk;. kw;w rpwpa Nfhtpy;fspy; ,JNghy mDjpd topghL
fpilahJ. fPh;j;jidfs; ghLgth;fSk;> eld kq;iffSk; Nks
jhsj;Jld; ,ir Koq;f tajhd ahid new;wpapy; nts;is>
rptg;G ehkk; jPl;lg;gl;L myq;fhu Ch;tyk; eilngWk;.
IjPfk;: tPjpfs; ,e;j rkaq;fspy; kf;fs; jpushy; epuk;gp
topAk;. Mdhy; rpW Nfhtpy;fs; jdpkdpj Njitfs; re;jpf;Fk;
vd xU ek;gpf;if Nt&d;wpapUe;jJ. mDkd; Nfhtpy; nrd;W
jpU¿W G+rpf;nfhz;L Njh;ntOj nrd;why; Qhdk; fpilf;Fk;
vd;W xU ek;gpf;if.
k d ; d h h ; F b a p y p U e ; J 2 5 f p . *. n j h i y t p Y s ; s
Fk;gNfhzj;jpw;F tl ,e;jpahtpypUe;J epyj;jb ePh; topNa
fq;if Gdpj ePh; te;jilfpwnjd;w njPfj;jpy; rpf;Fz;L midj;J
Ch;fspypkpUe;J gf;jh;fs; gutrj;NjhL Fspf;Fk; gFjpahf
Fk;gNfhzkfhkff; Fsk; khkhq;fj;J (12 Mz;L xU Kiw
kf;fis re;jpj;>m.

13
 z|D√ ka√V|
xU gpuhkz Fyj;jpd; kpfTk; Kjd;ikah™ Md;kPfg;gFjp
vJntd;why; ‘FyFy topghL
topghL’ FLk;gj;jpy; elg;gJjhd;. xt;nthU
Ntis czT cz;gjw;F Kd;> jhq;fs; Gdpj ,dj;jth;’ vd;Wk;>
ƒÁ\BÈÁ≈>V[ tP l ; b d; “Gdpjdpj ]; j yk; ” vd; W k; > kuf; f wp
czTjhd; rpwe;jJ vd;Wk;> ghuk;ghpa #j;jpuq;fSk;> rh];jpuq;fSk;
FLk;gr;#oiy rpiw itj;jpUe;jJ. ,e;jr;#oypy;jhd; rpWth;fs;
tsh;f;fg;gl;ldh;.
º\uÔ›]B º\ÈVıÁ\ :
khw;wq;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj kf;fs; kj;jpapy; xU
epyf;fpohh; Ntshz;ikapy; gRikGul;rp gut muR Ntshz;ik
gphpNthL ,izaj;Jzpe;jhh;. ,e;J kUj;Jth;fs; Nkw;fj;jpa
kUe;JfisAk;> mWit rpfpr;ir KiwfisAk; ntw;wpfukhf
fw;Wf;nfhz;L flikahw;wj;; Jtq;fpdh;. Nkw;fj;jpa rpe;ij ,e;jpa
kf;fspd; ,jaq;fis nky;y mirj;jJ.
ÿÔV^ÁÔ•D, ÿÔVÁÈ•D :
,j;jUzj;jpy; ufrpakhd gz cjtp nfhs;isah;fshy;
,isQh; f Sf; F mDg; g g; g l; L Nkw; f j; j pa cjtpfSf; F
tpNuhjkhf rq;fq;fs; Jtq;fp Njrpa czh;Tf;F vjpuhdit
vd;w Gjpa Nfh~k; vOk;gpaJ. ,jd; tpisthf xU gphpl;b~;
cah; mjpfhhp jpl;lkpl;L nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhh;.
˛§¸>k ªaBÏÔ”D, ˛w¬Ô›]B \Vu≈∫Ô”D :
rKjha %lg;gof;f tof;fq;ÔÁ·¬ fisa fpwp];jt
Copah;fspd; gq;fspg;ig¬ fz;l ,e;jpa rPhj
; j
; pUj;jthjpfs; rKjha
tpopg;Gzh;it typAWj;j tho;fi ; fia mh;gg ; zpj;jdh;. Fwpg;ghf
rjp vd;w cld; fl;il VWk; gof;fk;> ngz;fy;tp kWg;G>
Mfpatw;Wf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;jdh;.

14
 kÕº> \V>´D
tpopg; G zh; T NkNyhq; f pa NghJ> Njrpa czh; T k;
NkNyhq;fpaJ. te;Nj khjuk
“te; khjuk;’ vDk; jhuf ke;jpuk;> jha;
kz;zpy; cUthd> rpe;jpj;j> nray;gl;l fhhpaq;fNsay;yhky;
NtnwhU Gjpa rpe;jid nray;ghLfs;> khw;wq;fis mDkjpf;f›
jf;fJ vd;W xU Gwk; vjph; miy vOk;gpaJ.
mDkd; ,yq;iff;F nrd;W rPijia kPl;l fijfspy;
cs;s G~;gftpkhdk;> ,q;fpyhe;J¬fhuh;fs; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Kd;Nd
,e;jpad; fz;lwpe;jhd; vd gpur;rhuq;fs; xypj;jd.
The Mission:
mDg;gg;gl;l Copak;’ vd;gJ kd;dhh;Fb kz;zpy;
,e;j ‘mDg;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l xd;W> vz;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf
,k;kz;zpy; trpj;J> tho;e;J> rhl;rpahf jpfo;e;jhh;fs; vd;gJ
jpl;ltl;lkhd cz;ik. xU ,e;jpa kUj;Jth;> Copauhf
kf;fSf;F Nrit nra;J Fwpg;gplj;jFe;j tifapy; kf;fspilNa
nry;thf;F ngw;wpUe;jhh;. mNefh; mthplk; ghpTld; gy Mrphpah;fs;
gfph;eJ
; nfhz;l fUj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk; jq;fs; gps;isfSf;Fk;
fy;Y}hpapy; fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;gpdh;. Mdhy;> “me;j
fpwp];jt fUj;Jf;fs; kpfTk; mghafukhdit vd;Wk;> “xU xU
gpuhkzd; xUNghJk; fpwp];jtdhf khl;lhd;’ vd cldb
gjpNy me; e pa kdpjdplk; ,Ue; J te; j J. Mdhy; xU
gpuhkzf;FLk;gk; fpwp];Jit Vw;Wf;nfhz;L ntF fhyj;jpw;F
gpwF jhk; tho;e;j Gdpj G+kpnad fUjpa kd;dhh;Fbf;F
te;jhh;fs;. vq;Nf W.O. rpk;g]
; d; mth;fs; Kd; Koq;fhw;gbapl;L
fpwp];Jit Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhNuh mNj miwf;F te;j ghh;j;jJ
NkNy $wpaij Kwpabf;Fk; rhl;rp.
kw;nwhU gpuhkzh; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhz;L tPl;il tpl;L
ntspNawp re;epahrk; nrd;W kiyapy; jdpik tho;f;if
Nkw;nfhz;L gpd;dh; njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpw;F fpwp];jt Copauhf
nrd;wJ mLj;j fhl;rp.

15
 jpahg;y]; Rg;ukzpak; rhl;rpahf ,Ue;Jk; kf;fs; Vw;Wf;
nfhs; s tpy; i y. te; j pUe; j me; j gpuhkzf; F Lk; g j; j pdh;
gpukhz;lkhd Nfhapy; Rth;fisAk;, NfhGuj;ijAk;> fz;L xg;gpl;L
mjd; mUNf mike;jpUe;j $iu Ntag;gl;l fpwp];jt Nfhapiy
epidT $h;e;jhh;fs;. me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; thuh thuk; gya
MuhjidAk;> Copah;fs; gf;fj;J fpuhkq;fSf;F ew;nra;jp nrhy;y
gazKk;> fpwp];jt Mrphpah;fs; mq;fpUe;j Muk;g gs;spfspYk;>
fy;Y}hpapYk; ew;nra;jp mwptpj;jYk; eilngw;wpUe;jJ.
,j;jifa IjPfk; epiwe;j ,e;j Ch; kpfTk; fbdkhd
khtl;lk; vd;wiof;g;gl;lJ. ,e;j Chpy; jhd; NfhghyRthkp
Nfhapiy Nehf;fpapUe;j tPLfspy; xd;wpy;jhd; me;j ePz;l
ngah; nfhz;l ,isQd; gpwe;J tsh;e;jhd;. ,e;j ,isQd;
gpd;Ny fy;Y}hpapy; gapd;W jdJ gs;sp tho;f;ifia gfph;e;J>
jdJ Mr;rhu gpuhkz tho;it kwe;J tho;tpd; rthy;fis
Vw;fj;Jzpe;j tuyhW ,jaj;ij ,sf itf;Fk;.

CTN
÷m ŒÚ ∂Á\©A ƒV´V \VkÏÔ^ ƒ∫ÔD :
kd;dhh;Fb khzth;fsplk; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l ,af;fk;
,J. uq;f uhkhD[j;jpd; kd khw;wj;jhy;> gpd;Ny gs;sp> fy;Y}hp
khzth;fSk; fpwp];Jit gpd;gw;w vz;zp> Copah;fis re;jpj;;J
‘ehq;fSk; fpwp];jth;fshf tpUk;GfpNwhk;’ vd;W $Wk;mstpw;F
Mrphpah;. Copah;fs; mq;Nf rhl;rpfshapUe;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. mjdhy;
jhd; mk; k hzt ÏÔ^> ‘ehq; ehq; f s; fpwp]; J Tf; f hf khpf; f Tk;
Maj; j khapUf; f pNwhk
pNwhk;’ vd; W $wpdh; . me; e hspy; Qhd];
ehdj;ij tpl Ntj Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; rhl;rpfsha; tpsq;fNt
Mh;tk; fhl;bdh;. ,e;ehl;fis Nghy vj;jid Ngh;fs; KOf;F
Qhd];ehdk; ngw;whh;fs;> vj;jid ifg;gpujpfs; nfhLj;Njhk;.
vj;jid fpuhkq;fis re;jpj;Njhk; vd gl;bay; Nghl;L giw
gNy
rhw;wp> gPw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; ‘gNy
gNy’ uhkhD[q;fs; gyh; ,e;jpahtpy;

16
cs;sJ Nghy; me;ehl;fspy; ,y;yhjJ fh;j;jhpd; fpUigNa!
,y;yhtpl;lhy; Carry the news vd;gJ Carry the notes vd
khwpg;NghapUf;Fk;.
vdNt jhd; jw;Gfo;r;rp> Ra Guhzk; vJTk; Njlhky;
,q;fpyhe;jpy; ,isQh;fs; ufrpa rq;Nfj thh;j;ij nfhz;L
xUnthUf;nfhUth; fbjj;njhlh;ig Vw;gLj;jp mjpy; CTN ((Carry
the News) vd;w FwpaPl;Lld; ufrpa rPlh;fshy; fh;j;jhpd;
fhhpaq;fis gfph;e;J nfhz;lJ NghyNt kd;dhh;FbapYk;
ele;jJ. ,e;j ufrpa rP~j;Jtk; gpwh; mwpahtz;zk; ele;J
nfhz;bUe;jJ. xUehs; vy;yhUk; cwq;fp tpl;ljhf epidj;J
$bapUf;fiapy;> xUtd; khj;jpuk; cwq;fhky; gpd; njhlh;eJ
te;J mf;$Lifapd; ufrpaj;ij fhz Mty; nfhz;lhd;. jg;gpf;f
me;jf;FOtpw;F topapy;iy. vdNt mtid mioj;J n[gj;jpy;
fye;J nfhs;s thry; jpwe;jdh; mtd;jhd; uq;f uhkhD[k;
tajpy; rpwpatdhapUe; j gbahy; > ,tDf; z tpRthrj; j py;
epiyngw;W epw;f KbAkh? vd re;Njfk; vOe;jJ. vy;yp];
mth;fs; uhkhD[j;ij> mth;fsplk; vd;d $wpdha;? vd;W
Nfl;l NghJ> ehd; fpwp];JTf;fhf khpf;fTk; jahh; vd;W $wpajhf
$wpdhd;. me;j FO uhkhD[j;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ.
xt;nthU QhapW khiy Ntisapy; xU cz;ikahd
If;fpa FOthf $b n[gk;> rhl;rpfs; vd rpwg;ghf ele;Njwpd.
ntF tpiutpNyNa mf;FOtpw;F nkjb];l; ghly; Gj;jfk; kPJ
jP t pu gw; W jy; Vw; g l; l J. xU nghWg; G zh; N thLmf; F O
ghtj;jpypUe;J tpLjiyf;fhf mwpf;ifapl;L n[gpj;jdh;.
xUehs; ,e;J tphpTiuahsh; r%f jPikfisAk;> rlq;F
rk;gpujhaq;fisAk; ,izj;J tho;eJ ; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mePjkhd
tho;it tpl;L tpl> rhf;uB];> gpshl;Nlh> ,NaR> Gj;jh; kw;Wk;
mthpd; khdrPf FUthd uhkfpU~;zh MfpNahiu
gpd;gw;wr;nrhy;yp mwpTiu $wpdhh;. Mdhy; Kbtpy; tpuf;jpNahL

17
ciuia epiwT nra;jhh;. “ePqf ; s; ,q;Nf mkh;eJ
; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk;
jiyia mirj;J MNkhjpj;J tpl;L jz;zPiu fz;lTld;
kPzL; k; gioa tho;fi ; f¬Nf jpUk;gp tpLtPhf
; s;” vd;whh;. Mdhy;
,e;j CTN If;fpa FOtpy; ,Uf;Fk; 15ypUe;J 17 cWg;gpdh;fs;
khj;jpuk; xUth; kl;LNk ghtj;jpypUe;J tpLjiyailar;nra;aTk;>
kWtho;T juTk; KbAk; vd ek;gpdh;. “ehd; ehd; fpwp];jtk;
cz; i kahdJ vdJ mwpe; j pUf; f pNwd; . jw; N ghJ mjd;
typikiaAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwdpNwd;” vd uq;f uhkhDk; $wpdhh;.
ªaBxD, c·°©√Á¶•D
1909 Mk; Mz;l fpwp];Jk]; gz;bif neUq;fpf;nfhz;L
,Ue; j ehl; f spy; ,e; j CTN FO vq; N f $LfpwJ.
vd;gijf;fz;Lgpbf;f Ie;jhk; gil mikj;J csT ghh;j;jdh;.
,jd; tpisthf Kd; n dr; r hpf; i f eltbf; i fahf uq; f
uhkhD[j;ij fpwp];Jk]; jpdj;jd;W Qhd];ehdk; vLf;f
mDkjpf;fhJ jil nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd> mtuJ je;ijf;F
neUq;fpa cwtpdh;fs; midtUk; neUf;Fjy; nfhLj;J tPNl
fNsgukhfpapUe;j Ntisapy; 17 tajhd me;j thypgd;
uhkhD[k; cs; N s Eioe; j hd; . mtdplk; Nfs; t pfs;
Nfl;fg;gl;lNghJ mtd; jd; epiyapy; cWjpg;ghl;Lld; ,Ue;jhd;.
mtd; fpwp];jtd; Mf khwg;Nghfpwhd;. fpwp];jtj;ij ek;Gfpwhd;>
Mdhy; taJ 17 jhd; MfpwJ vdNt jw;NghJ nra;J tUk;
fhhpaq;fs; midj;ijAk; nra;al;Lk;> Mdhy; ,e;J topghL
jtpu” vd $wpdhh;. Mdhy; md;W khiyf;Fs;Ns tp~ak;
NtW tpjkhf khwpg;NghdJ ,uh[hNfhghy; Rthkp Nfhapypd;
mUNfNa uq;f uhkhD[j;jpd; tPL mike;jpUe;jjhy; mNefUk;
te;J NghFk; gbahf mike;jpUe;jJ. gpuhkz tof;fwpQh;fSk;>
cwtpdh;fSk;> FLk;g ez;gh;fSk;> ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; gq;Fngw;W
me;j 17 taJ rpWtid mtDila tpRthrj;jpy; ,Ue;J
gphpj;njLf;f tpthjq;fSk;> mwpTiufSk; md;ghd MNyhrid
fSk;> NahGtpd; ez;gh;fs; NghyTk;> kidtp NghyTk; NjtDf;F

18
tpNuhjkhf nrhw;fis Ritgl $wp rpWtid fpWfpWf;f
itj;jdh;. Mdhy; vy;yh Ngr;Rf;fisAk; vjph;nfhz;L Qhdkha;
gjpyspj;J jd;Dila tpRthrj;jpy; cWjpAld; ,Ue;jhd;. vdNt
G+l;ba tPl;by; rpiw itj;jdh;. Mdhy; G+l;ba tPl;bypUe;J
G+ghsk; Nfl;lJ. gTYk;> rPyhTk; Jjpj;›J Nghy> ,q;Nf uq;f
uhkhD[k; jdf;F gpbj;j ghly;fis ghbf;nfhz;bUe;jij
ntspNa fhtYf;F ,Ue;jth;fs; Nfl;L tpae;jdh;. ,uz;L
ez;gh;fs; Jd;W Kiw uq;f uhkhD[j;ij re;jpf;f xBd;W
Njhy;tpAw;wJ mth;fsJ Gjpa Kbit fye;J MNyhrpf;f
Kbahky; jLkhwpdh;.
kd;dhh;Fbapy; ngw;Nwhh;fSf;F me;j jh;k rq;flkhd
#oiy jtph;f;fTk;> FOtpdh; Qhd];ehdk; vLf;f Kbahky;
Ngha;tpLk; #oy; jtph;f;fTk; nrd;id nry;y jPh;khdpj;jdh;.
ez;gh;fs; cjtpAld; nrd;id nry;y jpl;lk; jPl;lg;gl;lJ.
fy;Y}hpapd; jiyik nrd;id nry;Yk;NghJ> mth; xU je;jp
xd;iw nrd;id nrd;W mq;Fs;s ez;gh;fSf;F mDg;gp tPli ; l
tpl;L ntspNaWk; ez;gh;fSf;F cjt Nfl;Lf;nfhs;Sk; je;jp
mDg;gg;√l;lJ. Mdhy; kd;dhh;Fbapy; ,uz;L Kiw Gwg;gLk;
jpl;lk; Njhy;tpaile;jJ. Vnddpy; ahuhtJ xUth; xt;nthU
KiwAk; G+l;b itf;fg;gl;ldh;.
,Wjpahf fpwp];Jk]; jpdj;jd;W fhiy fpU~;zrhkpAk;>
gpd;dh; rpy kzp Neuq;fspNyNa uq;fuhkhD[Kk; tPl;il tpl;L
ntspNawpdh;. filrpahf jhd; tho;e;J trpj;j> me;j kuq;fs;
#o;e;j Nfhapypd; NfhGuq;fs; fhty; fhf;f epd;w jd; tPl;il
,dp vg; N ghJ fhz NghfpNwd; vd; w Mr; r h; a k; fye; j
gphpTg;ghh;itAld; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L ele;jhd; uq;fuhkhD[k;.
mNj Neuj;jpy; Fog;gKk;> $f;FuYk; Chpy; cr;r
njhdpapy; Nfl;f> rpdq;nfhz;l fpuhk kf;fs; mjpfhhpfs;>
fhty;Jiw Gil #o Nrh;kd; gq;fshtpy; GFe;J Nfs;tpf;

19
fidfshy; Jisj;jdh;. khzth;fs; vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;? vd;W
mth;fs; te;jhh;fs;.
mtiu neUf;fpdhh;fs;. Mdhy; Nrh;kd;> “mth;
ghh;j;jhh;fs;
s> nrd;W tpl;lhh;fs;. ,q;Nf ,y;iy” vd gjpy;
$wpdhh;. Mq;fhq;Nf $f;FuYk;> filailg;Gk;> ,uT KOtJk;
Nuhe;Jg;gzpapYk; <Lgl;L fz;fhzpj;jdh;.
kWehs; fhiy rpWth; f s; ghJfhg; g hf gpbj; J
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf je;jp xd;iw ngw;wdh;. md;W ,uNt jq;fs;
ntw; w pia nfhz; l hl $iu Nta; e ; j fpwp]; j t Myak;
jPf;˛iuahf;fg;gl;lJ.
Mdhy; uq;fuhkhD[k; vl;L iky; njhiytpy; cs;s
jd; ez;gd; tPl;il mile;J mq;fpUe;J nrd;id> nrd;W
jq;fsJ Rje;jpu fhw;iw nrd;idapy; Rthrpj;J nrd;idapy;
Vw;fdNt jpl;lkpl;lg;gb nfhLf;fg;gl;l je;jpia ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
ez;gh; te;J uq;f uhkD[j;ij mioj;Jf;nfhz;L nry;thh;> mJ
Qhapw;Wf;fpoikahf ,Ue;j gbahy; md;W vOk;G+h; Njthyaj;jpy;
mth;fSf;z gpbj;j me;j ghly; Nfl;fyhk; vd;W fdTyfpy;
rQ;rhpj;J ,uT uapypy; Vwp mkh;eJ
; nfhz;bUe;j uq;fuhkD[j;jpw;F
mjph;r;rp. vjphpy; gLj;jpUe;jth; vOe;J ,th;fis milahsk;
fz;Lnfhz;lhh;. gpwnfd;d> %d;whk; tFg;G ngl;bapy; Kw;wpYk;
fytu fhl;rp muq;NfwpaJ. mth;fis milahsk; fz;L miwe;J
Jg;gp> ,Oj;Jnrd;W %d;W khjfhyk; njhlh;G vy;iyf;F mg;ghy;
itj;jpUe;jdh;. vdºk fpU~;zrhkp cwtpdh;fs; mtid gphpj;J
itj;J mtd; cjtpNfl;L vOjpa fbjq;fs; jghy; epiyaj;jpy;
gpuhkz vOj;jh;fs; gphpj;J gbj;J mtd; Nfl;l cjtpfSf;F
gjpyb nfhLj;jhh;fs;. filrpahf fpwp];jt ez;gh;fs; cjtpAld;
fpU~;zrhkp jg;gpj;J nrd;wJ jdpfij.
Mdhy; uq;fuhkhD[k; mth;fsplk; ,Ue;j jg;gp rpy kzp
Neuq;fspNyNa nrd;id fpwp];jt ez;gh;fis mile;j NghJ
mq;Nf rl;lk; rhjfkhftpy;iy> kjr;Rje;jpuk;. 16 tajpypUe;J

20
khw;w©gl;L jw;NghJ 18 tajhf cah;j;jg;gl;ljhy;> 17taJ
uq; f uhkhD[k; kP z ; L k; kd; d hh; F bf; F jpUk; g p je; i japd;
ghJfhg;gpy; ,Uf;f ,e;jpar;rl;lk; ,Wjp tbtk;nfhLj;jJ.
kd;dhh;Fb jpUk;gpa NghJ uh[Nfhghy; Rthkp Nfhtpy;
njUtpy; mike;j jd; tPL> Njthyak; vhpf;fg;gl;L vQ;rp epw;Fk;
fU epw Rth; tuNtw;wJ. ,e;J flTshd fhspapd; Nfhgj;jhy;
uq;f uhkhD[k; mk;ik Nehahhy; jhf;fg;gl;lhd; vd mz;il
T‚¶VÏ NgRk; gbahf Neha; jhf;fpaJ. Mdhy; uhkhD[k;
me;j NehapypUe;J mjprakha; jg;gp mjptpiutpy; FzkhdJ
midtUf;Fk; Mr;rh;ak; mspj;jJ. mNjNghy jdJ je;ijf;F
xUehs; cjtp nra;a> fpuhk fzf;F tof;F tp~aq;fis
uq;f uhkhD[k; mkh;eJ; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ> mtDf;F
gpd;Nd ehfg;ghk;G xd;W glnkLj;J Mbf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.
mijf;fz;l mtdJ je;ij ghh;g;gd ghuk;ghpaq;fis fhw;wpy;
gwf;ftpl;L ghk;ig nfhd;whh;. Mdhy; jdJ FLk;gj;jpw;F md;W
VjhtJ tpghPjk; epfo;e;J tpLNkh vd gae;jhh;.
mDjpdKk; uq;fuhkhD[j;jpw;F cgNjrKk;> mtdJ
fpwp];jt tpRthrj;ij Fiyf;f rjpnra;Ak; gb eLerp tiu
njhlh;e;J tpthjKk;> tpRthr mwpf;iffSk; mtd; Kd;
itf;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; uq;f uhkhD[k; mth;fs; nfhLj;j
thf;FWjpia mth;fs; epiwNtw;Wk; NghJ kPz;Lk; jdpkdpj
rka Rje;jpuj;ij milNtd; ®[≈ cWjpNahL fhzg;gl;lhd;.
kd;dhh;Fbapy; ele;j ,e;j rk;gtq;fs; midj;Jk; ,e;jpa
gj;jphpf;if fspd; md;iwa jiyg;Gr;nra;jpfshf khwpd.
kp~dhpkhh;fs; midtUk; Jh~pf;fg;gl;ldh;. vdNt ,e;J kj
ituhf;fpak; nfhz;lth;fs; fpwp];jth;fSf;F vjpuhf nray;gl;ldh;.
MapDk; gpd;Ny fy;Y}hpapy; gzpGhpe;J te;j ,e;J Mrphpah;fs;
eph;thfj;jpw;F tpRthrkhf ele;J nfhz;ldh;. ,jdhNyNa
uq;fuhkhD[k; Njrpa cah;epiyg;gs;spf;Fnry;y mDkjpj;jdh;.
uq;fuhkhD[j;jpd; ,e;J ez;gh;fs; NjNuhl;lj;jpw;F mioj;j NghJ

21
 ek; g pf; i fapy; y h fpwp]; j td
kWj; J tpl; l uhkhD[k; ‘ek; td; ’
vd;wiof;fg;gl;lhd;.
uq;f uhkhD[k; cwtpdh;fs;> mDjpdKk; MNyhrid
toq;fpAk; mtid tw;GWj;jp ‘Rj; Rj;jpfhpg;G’ nra;a Ntz;Lk;
vd tYf; f l; l hakhf jQ; r hT+h; ,uhNk]; t uk; Nghd; w
Nfhtpy;fSf;F mioj;Jr;nrd;wdh;. mq;fpUe;j kjFU xUth;
n r h d ; d h h ; . ‘ ÷k[ f p w p ] ; j t k ; v D k ; t p ~ j ; j p y ;
%o;fpapUf;fpwhd;. ,tid mopf;fhky; mij ,tid
KbahJ” vd;whh;. me;j thu {a;T ehspy;
tpl;L mfw;wKbahJ
uq;fuhkhD[k; √]ÈVÔ ,t;thwhf $wpdhd;.
,g;gazk; gTypd; Kjy; Copag;gazk
“,g; azk;” vd;W.
,j;jUzj;jpy; ,dpa nra;jp ,th;fis te;J Nrh;e;jJ.
mJ> jg;gpr;nrd;w fpU~;zrhkp Qhd];ehdk; ngw;W jw;NghJ
[hd; fpU~;zrhkpahfp tpl;ljhf te;jJ.
,sk; tpRthr tPuh;fSf;F nfhSj;jg;gl;l Njthyak;
xh; rthyhf ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,ijtpl nghpa Myakhf> mij
CTN epidT Myakhf> cUthf;f vz;zk;nfhz;ldh;.
,e; j Neuj; j py; fy; Y }hpia jP f ; n fhSj; j [hd;
fpU~;zrhkpapd; Qhd];ehdk; re;jh;g;gk; mikj;J nfhLj;jJ
Mdhy; fhy; g e; J tpisahbf; n fhz; b Ue; j ,uz; L mzp
tpisahl;L tPuh;fSk; xb te;J mj;ji P a mi™j;J fy;Y}hpia
kPl;L> mj;jPa Kaw;rpia Kwpabj;jdh;.
,tw;iw Fwpj;J uq;f uhkhD[k; nrd;id uapypy; me;j
fhiy Ntisapy; $wpaJk; ehd; ,e;j mstpw;F
Jd;gg;gLj;jg;gLNtd; vd;W epidf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mLj;j
Kiw ,ijtpl $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk;. “mJNtmJNt filrp
filrp” vd;whh;.

22
 ÔÁ¶E •›>D
uq;f uhkhD[j;jpd; je;ij jd; kfDf;F el;rj;jpuk;
rhpapy;iy rpy khjq;fspd; rhpahfp tUk; vd vz;zpdhh;.
ahUk; ,th;fs; FLk;gj;jhNuhL neUf;fkhf ,y;yhjJ Nghy;
xU czh;T FLk;g Rg fhhpaq;fSf;F uq;f uhkhD[j;jpd;
je;ijia miog;gij epWj;jpf;nfhz;ldh;. uq;f uhkhD[j;jpw;F
ed;whfj;njhpAk;> jd;dhy; jdJ FLk;gj;jpw;Fk;> rNfhju>
rNfhjhpapd; jpUkz fhhpaq;fs; $b tUjy; fhdy; ePuhdJ
jtph; f ; f Kbah > cz; i kahdJ. jhd; Copaj; j pw; F
miof;fg;gl;ltd;> tPl;by; ,Uf;Fk;tiu Rje;jpukhf RtpNr~k;>
mwptpf;f ,ayhJvd;gij uq;f uhkhD[k; ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jhd;.
typa te;J thf;F nfhLj;J tpl;L rkak; ghh;jJ
; re;jh;gg
;
thj $l;lzpNahL rkurk; nra;J> nrhe;j yhgj;ij NjLk; Ra
ey uhkhD[q;fs;Nghy; ,y;yhky; jd; ngw;NwhUf;F nfhLj;j
thf;if kPwhjtdhf ,isQd; uq;f uhkhD[k; Neh;ikahsdhf
fhzg;gl;lJ midtUf;Fk; Mr;rh;ak; mspj;jJ.
gÁ¶•D, gB›>xD
[_iy 1911: Ntis te;jJ. ‘nrhy; nrhy; y hky; nry; y
khl;Nld
ld;’ vd;w uq;f uhkhD[k; thf;F nfhLj;jjpdhy; kPw
Kbahky; jtpj;jhd;. md;W khiy ,Lg;gpNy Jz;il kl;Lk;
fl;bf;nfz;L xU ,isQd; xU Copaiu top kwpj;jhd;. ‘vd;
ngah; uq;f uhkhD[k; cq;fSf;F vd;idj;njhpAk; ,y;iyah?
ehd; Qhd];ehdk; vLf;f te;jpUf;fpNwd;. vdf;F cs;sitfis
vy;yhk; tpl;L tpl;L> V[> vd; cilikfis khj;jpuky;y>
cilfisAk; tp‚L te;jpUf;fpNwd;. vijAk; ehd; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L
te;Jtpl;Nld; vd;W ahUk; Fw;wk; rhl;lf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf
vy;yhtw;iwAk; e~;lnkd;W tpl;L tpl;Nl te;jpUf;fpNwd;’ vd;whd;.

23
 ÔVk_mÁ≈•D, ÔÏ›>›mkxD
mLj;j ehs; xU ,e;J fhty;Jiw Ma;thsh; xU gpuhkz
,isQd; tPl;bw;Fs; rpiw itf;fg;gl;Ls;shd; vd mwpe;J> ,e;j
,isQid mioj;J tur;nra;J tprhuid Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.
tprhuid Kbe;J xU kzp Neuk; nrd;wgpd; me;j fhty; Jiw
Ma;thsh; nrhd;dhh;. ‘,ij Nghd;w xU mDgtj;ij ehd;
ngw; w jpy; i y. vj; j id nghpa cd; d jkhd Nehf; f j; i j
nfhz;Ls;shd;. vt;tsT Mokhd cz;ikahd ek;gpf;ifia
jd;Ds;Ns itj;Js;shd;. ehd; ve;j tpjj;jpYk; cjtp nra;a
Kbahjtdhf ,Ue;Njd;. mtDf;Fs; cs;s tpRthrKk;>
ituhf;fpaKk; vdf;Fk; xU Ntis ,Ue;jhy; ehDk; fpwp];jtdhf
vd;id khw;wpapUg;Ngd;”. vd;whh;.
z|D√›][ √VƒxD ÔÏ›>ˆ[ ºÂƒxD
uq;f uhkhD[j;jpd; n[gk; jPtpukile;J xU QhapW
fhiy mtDila je;ij> jha;> khkh> xU ez;gd; rfpjkhf
mq;F te;J Nrh;ej; hh;fs;. mtd; ghbf;nfhz;bUe;j ghly; nky;y
mtd; cjLfspy; [Ptid ,oe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. mq;F te;j
FLk;gj;jpdh; ,dp VJk; nra;a ,ayhJ vd;W czh;eJ ; > mtdJ
jhiaf;Fwpj;J kpfTk; ftiy©gl;lhh;fs;. mtdJ jhahh; kfd;
mUNf Xh; %iyapy; mkh;e;J jd; kfidNa epidj;J
tUe;jpf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. kfNdh jd; jhia Ghpe;J nfhs;sr;nra;
Kad;W nfhz;bUe;jhd;. gpwF “,e; ,e;j ghj;jpuj;jpy; ehd; ghdk;
gz; z Ntz; L nkdpy; ehd; epr; r akhfNt mij gUf
Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wp fle;J nrd;W> ,dp xd;Wk;
nra;tjpw;fpy;iy
y” vd;W $wp jd; jhia tpl;L fle;J nrd;whd;.
mr;rkak; mq;F te;j J.J. vy;yp]; kw;Wk; Copah;fs; mj;jhia
MWjy; nra;a Kaw;rpj;j NghJ me;j jhapd; cs;sj;jpd;
Moj;jpypUe;J ,jaj;ij cUf itf;Fk; Gyk;gy; ntbj;jJ.
NtW topapd;wp jd;Dld; te;jth;fSld; tPL jpUk;gpdhh;.

24
 xU kzp Neuj;jpw;F gpwF Copah;fs; uq;f uhkhD[k;
Myaj;jpy; n[gpj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gij fz;ldh;. Mya Muhjid
Jtq;fpaJ.Qhd]; ehdj;jpw;F Kd;G FLk;gj;jpdh; Mya thrypy;
me;j
epd;W ,e;j ,isQd;> rP~dhf khWtij rfpf;ff;$lhky; “me;
$l;lj;jpd; kf;fis tpl;L tpl;L jpUk;gp thth” vd cuj;j
Fuypy; mtdJ jha; mioj;jhh;. Vw;fdNt mtd; $wpaJ
NghyNt ,dp nra;tjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy vd vz;zpdhd;.
mtDf;F kpfTk; gpbj;j ghkhiy ghlg;gl;lJ. ‘,NaRNt.
,NaRNt.
KbT ghpae; j k; ckf; n fd; W Copak; nra; N td td; ’ vd; w
me;jg;ghliy jhDk; jd; fd;dq;fspy; fz;zhP ; topa ghbdhd;.
,Jjhd; vd; D ila cz; i kahd kd khw; w k
‘,Jjhd; k; ’ vd
gpd;dhspy; mtd; $wpdhd;. ghly; ghbKbe;j NghJ mtdJ
FLk;gj;jpdh; ntspNawpdh;. fh;j;jhpd; Nerj;jpw;F Kd; jhapd;
ghrk; gydw;W NghdJ.
uq;f uhkhD[k; Kd;Nd te;J Qhd];ehd Muhjid
KiwikfSf;F gjpyspj;J> gpd;dh; Qhd];ehdj;jpw;F Koq;fhy;
gbapl;lhd;. jpUKOf;F toq;fp. fpwp];jt ngah; #l;Lk; Neuk;
neUq;fpaJ. rigahiu ghh;j;J uq;f uhkhD[k; epd;whd;.
Kd;djhf CTN d; ez;gh;fs; xUtiu xUth; fpwp];jt ngah;
ghy;’ vd;w ngaiuNa
itj;J miof;Fk; gb itj;j ngauhfpa ‘ghy;
njhpT nra;J $wpajhy;> ,isQd; uq;f uhkD[j;jpw;F
ghy;’ vd;w ngah; Nrh;f;fg;gl;L ‘ghy;
,aw;ngahpd; Kd;dhy; ‘ghy; ghy;
uq;f uhkhD[k;’ vd;W rigahh; Kd; rigapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lhd;.
mNef ,e; J f; f s; mq; N f elg; g ij fhzMtYld; $b
te;jpUe;jdh;.

25
 √V_ ´∫Ô ´V\V–¤xD, √VÁ>l[ ]Ú©√xD
cq;fSf;nfy;yhk;. tpag;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. xU gpuhkzd;
vt;thW ,g;gb khwpdhd; vd;W gjpide;J epkplk;> jk];F
rhiyNahu fhl;rpfis Nghy jd; epiy tpsf;fk; jaf;fkpd;wp
nfhLj;jhh;.
rpy Mz; L fSf; F gpwF kd; d hh; F bf; F te; J
NghJrNfhjuid re;jpj;J> ufrpakhf tp~aq;fis mwpe;J
nfhz;lhh;. rpwpJ fhyk; nrd;w gpd; jd; jhahiu ,ufrpakhf
re;jpj;J NgRk;gbahd tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. mg;nghOJ mtuJ
Vnddpy;
cwtpdh;fspy; xUth;> ghy; mth;fis njhlf;$lhJ> “Vnddpy;
mth; ek;kpy; xUth; my;y” vd vr;rhpf;if nra;J mDg;gpitj;jdh;.
,e; j epfo; T ghy; mth; f is fhag; g Lj; j paJ. vdpDk;
,NaRTf;fha; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> mjpy; jpUg;jpailNtd;’ vd gpd;G
Fwpg;G vOjpapUe;jhh;.
jpUKOf;F ngw;wgpd; gy;fiy¬fof gbg;gpw;fhf nrd;id
nrd;W nt];yp fy;Y}hpapy; Nrh;ej ; ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; gPll
; h;];
rhiyapy; Vw;fdNt mq;F jq;fpapUe;j %d;W NgNuhL ,Ue;J
tpl;L gpd;dh; ikyhg;G+h; ,e;J NfhtpYf;F vjpNu ,lk; ngah;ej; dh;.
,lkhw;wk;> czT gof;f tof;fq;fs; khw;wk;> fyhr;rhu khw;wk;>
vd rPff; puj;jpy; [Puzpf;f Kbahj tp~aq;fs; ,Ue;jjhy; mUNf
,Ue;j gpuhkzh; fhgp fpsg;gpypUe;J czT ngwg;gl;lJ.
nrd;id nrd;w ghy;> ,e;jpa SCM (Students Christian
Movement) ,af;fj;jpy; ,ize;J jq;fsJ Copaj;jpy; jdpegh;
re;jpg;ig tphpTgLj;jpdh;. NkYk; CTN d; kd;dhh;Fbapd; %d;whtJ
cWg;gpdh; xUth; ghy; uq;f uhkhD[j;ij gpd;gw;wp nrd;idf;F
te;J kd;dhh;Fb ez;gh;fs; vd ,ize;J ,iw©gzp ,dpNj
nra;jdh;.

26
 ghy; ntFtpiutpNyNa cs;Sh; Copauhf
mq;fPfhpf;Ô©gl;lhh;. Mya fhhpaq;fspy; midj;jpYk; gq;F
ngw;whh;. MapDk; mtUila Mo;kdjpy; ,e;jpahit mirj;j
rd;dpahrp rhJ Re;jh;rpq; Nghy fhtp cil jhpj;J fh;j;jUf;
nfd;W vy;yhtw;iwAk; e~;lk; vd;W tpl;L tpl;L ehL KOtJk;
ew;nra;jp mwptpf;f Mty; nfhz;lhh;. Mdhy; 1913 Mk; Mz;L
[dthp khjk; rpdhl;> ghy; mth;fis ngq;fSh; UTCapy;
gapw;rpngw mDg;gpaJ.
Ô‘Ï >V´VA´›]_ ÔÏ›>ˆ[ \˛Á\
ghy; ngq;f@h; nrd;W gapy Ie;J khjq;fs; ,Ue;j
NghJ J.J.vy;yp]; f&h; efhpy; ,Ue;jhh.; ∂∫z EÈ Âı√ÏÔ^
÷ÚÕ>™Ï. f&h;, jhuhGuk; gFjpfspy; Copak; nra;aTk;
gzpahl;fs; $Lifapy; gpurq;fpf;fTk;> >[Á™ <Lg|j;jpf;
nfhz;lhh;. mg;NghJ mq;fpUe;j ,uz;L Mrpˆah;fs; jq;fis
cah; rhjp vd;Wk; kw;wth;fNshL mkh;e;J czT cz;z
kWj;jhh;fs;. ghy; mLj;j Kiw czTf;F miog;G tpLj;jhh;.
Mdhy; mth;fs; ghy; uq;f uhkhD[j;ij Nehf;fp “ePq;fs;
vd;Dila [hjpiaNa fPo;j;jukhf;F˛wPh;fs;” vd;wdh; mjw;F
ghy;> gag;glhjPh;fs;” ,g;NghJ ehd; xU fpwp];jtd; ehd; ahh;
$l Ntz;Lkh™VYk; mkh;e;J czT cz;z KbAk; ahh;
Rj;jkhdth;fNsh mth;fNshL” vd;W gjpy; mspj;jhh;.
ÔÏ›>ˆ[ ∂Áw©∏_ ÔÚÁ ÿ√u≈ ˛´V\D
f&h; jhYfhtpy; tlf;F gFjpapypUe;J xU miog;G
te;jJ. xU Coah; mq;Nf Njit vd;Wk; fpwp];Jtpd; ∂[∏Á™
mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nfhhpf;if itf;fg;gl;lJ. vdNt
xU ehs; irf;fpspy; mUl;jpU. N[.N[.vy;yp]; mth;fSk; ghy;
uq;f uhkhD[Kk; mf;fpuhkj;ij mile;jdh; kpjptz;b xl;b
te;j fisg;G> ,Us;> Gjpa kf;fs;> Gjpa ,lk; ,th;fs; nrd;W
mile;j NghJ mf;fpuhk kf;fs; cwq;f nrd;W tpl;ldh;. Mdhy;

27
nra;jp nkJthf nrd;wile;J xt;nthUtuhf tpopj;Jf; nfhz;L
tpUe;Njhk;gy; tpUg;gkha; nra;jdh;.
mf;fpuhkj;jpd; %g;gh; xUth; ,NaRit mwpe;J mij
kw;wth;fSf;Fk; mwptpf;fNt xU Copad; Njit vd;gij
vLj;Jiuf;fj;jhd; ,k;Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. midj;j fpuhkk;
kf;fSk; kl;lw;w kfpo;rr; papy; jpisj;jdh;. me;j gFjpapy; ,Ue;j
,isQh;fs; ,NaRit Vw;Wf;nfhz;L jpUKOf;F ngw;w NghJ
mth;fsJ nrhe;j ,d kf;fs; mth;fis ,d xJf;fy;> nra;J
gop jPh;j;jdh;. MapDk; mf;fpuhkj;jpy; tpRthr tpsf;if Vw;wp
itj;j ghy; ngq;f@h; jpUk;gp UTC-apy; gapw;rpf;F nry;y
Ntz;ba rkak; te;jJ. ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; fh;jj ; Uila md;igAk;
fUiziaAk; mf;fpuhkj;jpy; fle;J tur; nra;jjhy; me;j
fpuhkNk ngUq;fUiz ghisak ghisak; - Village of Great Grace
vd;whfp> jw;NghJ ngUq;fuiz ghisak; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.
ngq;f@h; fy;Y}hp rkPgj;jpy;jhd; Jtq;fg;gl;ljhy; mq;F
,e;jpahtpypUe;Jk; ,yq;ifapypUe;Jk; khzth;fs; Nrh;e;J
gapd;wdh.; fpNuf;f Ntjhf\g; gapw;rpAk; Kjy; cyf©Nghhp_
gq;F ngWk; gphpl;b~; uhZt tPuh;fSf;fhf gpuhh;j;jid vd
rdpf;fpoikfspy; $Lk; rKjhaf; $Lifapy; mth;fSf;fhf
n[gpf;fTk;> jPikahd topfis tpl;L tpyf mwpTWj;jpa NghJ
miw thq;Fk; mstpw;F Nfhgk; te;Jk; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;L
mth;fs; jha; ehL jpUk;gpa gpd; ghy; mth;fspd; md;Gf;F ed;wp
njhptpj;Jk; el;Gf;F ,yf;fzkhf tpsq;fpaJ Fwpj;Jk; mth;fs;
vOjpa fbjq;fis nghf;fp~khf ghy; itj;jpUe;jhh;.
ngq;f@H gl;lzj;jpd;; kwf;f Kbahj epfo;Tfshf ghy;
fUjpaJ nkjb];l; kp~dpd; Copak; ,e;jpahtpw;F Njit vd;Wk;>
C.W.gh];nel;> W.H. gpd;Ny> Dr.N[k;]; N«hg; Nkhy;ld;
MfpNahH gq; F ngw; W Mw; w pa mUSiufs; NkYk;
kd; d hHFbapd; epfo; T fis mwpe; j tHfshfTk; ,Ue; j jhy; >

28
kpfg;nghpa jhf;fj;ij ghy; kPJ Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jdh;. Dr.Nkhy;ld;
,q;fpyhe;J nry;Yk; NghJ kj;jpa jiuf;flypy; NghHf;fg;gypd;>
ePh %o;fpf; fg;gypy; kuzj;ij re;jpj;j NghJ> xU ey;y ez;gid>
xU ey;y Mrphpaiu ,oe;j Nrhfk; ghy; mtHfspd; ,jaj;jpy;
gbe;j mopf;f Kbahj NrhfkhdJ.
1917 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; ghy; mtHfs; ngq;f@hpy;
,Ue;J ehfg;gl;bdk; gFjpf;F Copaepkpj;jkhf te;jhH. 1918
Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; rpdhl; mtiu gapw;rpahsuhf epakpj;j
NghJ ilgha;L Nehapdhy; kpf mjpfkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;lhH. MapDk;
mq;fpUe;j fpwp];jt tpjit Copahpd; guhkhpg;ghy; ghy; capH
gpioj;jhH.
1918 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; cyfg; NghH KbTw;w NghJ
kd;dhHFbapypUe;J fpwp];jtuhf khwpa jpahgpy]; Rg;ukzpak;
nk]g;gl;NlhkpahtpypUe;J jd; ,iw©ggzpia epiwT nra;J
jpUk;gpdhH. jpahgpy]; Rg;gpukzpak; jd;Dila ,lj;ij G+Hj;jp
nra;a xU ey;y ,isQd; Njit vd;W czHe;j NghJ ghy;
mtHfs; miof;fg;gl;L> mgpN~fk; nra;ag;gl;L> Maj;jg;
gLj; j g; g l; l hH. m ∫Nf mtH> czT gof; f tof; f q; Ôs;
vy;yhtw;wpYk; khWgl;L jd;id jw;fhj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. gh];uh>
ghgpNyhd;> Nkhthg; vd Ntjfhkg; gl;lzq;fis Neubahf
fhz tha;g;G fpl;baJ.
Mq;fpy mjpfhhpfs; ghy; mtHfis mioj;J jkpo;
NgRk; uhZt tPuHfs; jq;fpapUf;Fk; gFjpapy; Copak; nra;a
gzpj;jdH. ,e;jpaHfs; jkpo;> kw;Wk; rpy njd;dpe;jpa nkhopNgRk;
tPuHfs; mq;F ,Ue;jjpdhy;> ghy; mtHfs;> Njrgw;iwAk;>
ehl;Lg;gw;iwAk; czHe;jtuha; ,e;jpa kf;fs; ,NaRTf;Fs;
Gdpj Gjpa rpe;jidf;Fs; xd;wpÁf;fg;glTk;> [hjp> kjk;
vDk; Nfhl;ilr; RtHfis jfHj;J> Njtdpd; guk miog;ig

29
Ghpe;J nray;glTk; Ntz;Lk; vd jd; fbjq;fspy; mbf;fb
vOjpdhH.
,jd; jhf;fkhf jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spapy; ,Ue;j ,iw©gzp
mYtyfj;jpy; xU fhty;Jiw mjpfhhp “nkrg; nkrg;gl;Nlhkpahtpy;
,e; j pa tP u Hfsplk; Ngrpa Ngr; R jP t puthj jd; i kia
nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mj;jpu%l;Lk; Ngr;ir Ngrpa ghy;
uq;fuh\VD[k; ahhahh;” vd ufrpa tprhuiz ele;jJ.
NkYk; ,e;jpa ngz;fs; gw;wp ghy;> mikjpAk;> rhe;jKk;>
mr;rk;> klk;> ehzk;> gapHg;G> fhjy;> mwpthw;wy; cs;stHfs;
vd;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa ngz;fs;> nraw;if tho;Tk; tho;f;ifapy;
Fwpf;Nfhs; mw;wtHfs; vd;Wk;> tho;f;ifia mDgtpg;gNj
Nehf; f k; vd; W k; tho; g tHfs; ” vd; W $wpa fUj; J f; f s;
rpe;jidfl;F tpUe;jhf mike;jd. ,NaRit tpl xU MNzh
my;yJ ngz;Nzh ghy; mtHfis Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
Kjy; Kiwahf ,q;fpyhe;J nrd;w NghJ gh;];nyk;
vd;w ,¶j;jpYs;s ];thd; Ngq;f; Myaj;jpy; ,uz;lhapuk; NgH
Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk; $bapUe;j thypgHfs; kj;jpapy; Ngrpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhH. ∂g;NghJ kd;dhHFbapd; epfo;Tfis tpthpf;f>
tpthpf;f Mr;rHaKk;> eifr;RitAk;> NrhfKk; mtHfsJ
Kfj;jpy; khwp khwp gpujpgypj;jij¬ fhz Kbe;jJ. mg;N√VJ
ghy; mtHfs;> xU tpj;jpahrkhd epfo;it ehd; vd; tho;tpd;
gdpnuz;lhtJ tajpy; nra;Njd; mij cq;fsplk; nrhy;yl;Lkh?
vd;wTld; vy;NyhUk; ‘nrhy;Yq;fs;’ vd;whHfs;. ‘Mdhy; xUtUk;
mijf; Nfl;L rphpf;ff; $lhJ’ vd cWjp $wr; nra;jhH:
cldbahf mtHfs; rk;kjpj;jdH. rw;W jaf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpd;
ehd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;Nld; vdJ
ghy; nrhd;dhH> “ehd;
gdpnuz; l htJ tajpy; : vd; kidtpf; F mg; N ghJ taJ
MW
MW” vd;whH. ghy; mtHfSf;F njhpAk; ,J kpfg;nghpa
eifr; R itahf mtHfSf; F ,Uf; F k; vd; W Mdhy;
rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfSf;Nfh mJ kpFe;j Jauk;.

30
 ,e;jpahtpy; Foe;ijj; jpUkzk; tof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;j
fhuzj;jhy;> cwTfspd; kj;jpapy; rpWgps;isfshapUf;Fk; NghNj
,t;thW ele;Njwp tpLk;. gpd;dH jpUkz tho;T njhlUk;.
Mdhy; ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; tho;tpy; ,tH jpUKOf;F ngw;wTld;
fpwp];jtd; vd;gtd; kuzj;ij tpl nfhbatd
“fpwp]; nfhbatd;” vdf;
$wp> mtuJ kidtpahd rpWkpia tpjitf; NfhynkLf;Fk;
mstpw;F tp~ak; jPtpukhdJ.
RkhH xd;wiu Mz;LfSf;Fg;gpd; ghy; kd;dhHFb
jpUk; g pa NghJ ,UtiuAk; ,izj; J itf; f Tk; > me; j
fpwp];jtj;jpd; %l ek;gpf;ifia kPz;L tuTk; vjpHg;Gld;
fhj;jpUe;jdH. Mdhy; vy;yhk; vjpHkiwahf ele;jJ. ghy;
jpUKOf;F ngw;w gpd; mNef Kiw re;jpf;f Kaw;rpj;Jk;>
mq;Nf Nghlg;gl;bUe;j jil vd;Dk; ,Uk;Gj; jpiuia jfHf;f
Kbatpy;iy. MdhYk; flj;jp nrd;W jpUkzk; nra;tJ
fpwp]; j t
md; i wa ,e; j pahtpy; gof; f k; ,Ue; j gbahy; ‘fpwp];
mbahl;fis is’ itj;J jpUkzk; nra;J tpLthHfs; vd gae;jdH.
nky;y ,Uk;Gj;jpiu tpyfpaJ> MdhYk; mg;ngz; vq;Nf
,Uf;fpwhs; vd;W fz;Lgpbf;f Kbatpy;iy. filrpahf J}uj;jpy;
xU Chpy; xspj;J itj;jpUe;jijf; fz;L> mtis Nfl;l
NghJ vd;d nrhy;yr; nrhd;dhHfNsh mijNa nrhy;yp kWg;ig
njhptpj;jhH.
ehfg;gl;bdj;jpy; ilgha;L fha;r;rypd; NghJ nrhe;j
tPL> cwT Mfpatw;iw vg;gb czuj; njhlq;fpdhNuh mt;thNw
,g;NghJk; Njitia mwpe;J> mg;ngz;Zf;F ,d;Dk; tpjitr;
rlq;Ffs; vJTk; nra;atpy;iy vd;gij mwpe;jhH. ,j;jUzj;jpy;
mg;ngz; kd;dhHFb jpUk;gpdhH. ghy; Nrg;spd; vd;w me;j];J
kpfg;nghpa ek;gpf;ifia me;j Neuk; nfhLj;jJ.
ghy; ,e;jpahit tpl;L Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd; mg;ngz;zplk;
cWjp thq; f pdhH. vg; g bnadpy; fbjq; f is jghy; f huH

31
mg;ngz;zpd; ifapNy khj;jpuk; nfhLf;fr; nrhy;yp Vw;ghL
nra;ag;gl;lJ. gjpTj; jghy;fs; gwe;jd gjpy;fSk; tphpe;jd.
mg;ngz; ghy; mtHfSld; tu rk;kjpj;jhs;;. jd;Dila
jiyikg; Nghjfhpd; xj;Jiog;ghYk;> uhZt caH mjpfhhpapd;
jatpdhYk; tpLKiw ngw;W te;jJk; ngz;iz gphpj;J itf;f
mtfhrk; vLf; f Kb BVky; NghfNt %d; W egHfspd;
Kaw;rpahNyNa fhhpak; if $baJ.
xU fpwp];jt ez;gdpd; cjtpahy;> ghy; gj;J iky;
njhiytpypUe;J tu Fjpiu tz;b Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.
,uT gj;J kzpf;F mf;u«huj;jpypUf;Fk; mtuJ tPli ; l Nehf;fp
nrd;W fjit jl;bdhH. fjT nkJthf jpwe;jJ. ghy; jdJ
kidtp jpwf;fpwhs; vd;W epidj;jhh;. Mdhy; jpl;lk; jtpL
nghbahdJ. fjitj;jpwe;j mg;ngz; rg;jkpl;lhs;. njUnty;yhk;
kf;fs; jpuz;ldH. gpur;rpid Kfk;kjpa fhty; Ma;thsH trk;
nrd;wJ.
,uz;L jug;G thjq;fs; muq;Nfwpd. ghy; jq;fs; r%fj;ij
tpl;L nrd;W tpl;ljhfTk;> ngz;Zf;F rw;NwDk; tpUg;gkpy;iy
vdTk; ngz; tPll; hH rhHgpy; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; fhty;Jiw
MFthsH> ngz;iz mioj;J tur; nra;jhH. fz;zpd;
fisg;Gk;> jsHe;j eilAkhf te;j ngz;zpd; thHj;ijfs;
mq;Nf $b ,Ue;jtHfis mjpur; nra;jJ. mtH $wpa thHj;ij>
jd; fztDld; nry;y tpUk;GfpNwd
“jd; fpNwd;” vd;gJ.
vy;yhUk; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f fztDk;> kidtpAkhf
Fjpiu tz;bia Nehf;fp ele;jdH. ngz; tPll
; hH khHgpy; mbj;Jf;
nfhz;L Jf;f tPlb
; y; fjWtJ Nghy; fjwpdH. ve;j xU fpwp];jt
top fhl;Ljyd;wp vg;gb me;jg;ngz; ,t;tsT ijhpaj;Jld;
ntspNawpdhs; vd;gJ kpy;ypad; lhyH Nfs;tp. eiffisNah>
ey;y NriyfisNah vijAk; vLf;fhky; jhd; fl;bapUe;j
rhjhuz GlitNahL te;jJ nefpoitj;jJ.

32
 ghy; kidtpia tpl;L tpl;L nk]g;gl;Nlhkpah nry;Yk;
Neuk; te;jJ. ez;gHfspd; MNyhridapd; Nghpy;> gs;spapy;
jq; f r; nra; J Ntjhfkj; i j gbf; f r; nra; J > Mz; l tH
vg;gbgl;ltH> ek; n[gj;ij Nfl;gtH vd;gijnay;yhk; $wp
Mtpf;Fhpa rpe;jidfspy; mtiu tsur; nra;jhH. vdNt ghy;
mtHfs; kidtpaplk; > “Njtdplk; Nfs; > kP z ; L k; ehd;
gj;jpukhfTk;> ghJfhg;GlDk; jpUk;gp tuTk;> ehd; J}uj;jpy;
,Uf;Fk; NghJ mtH cd;id nghWg;G vLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;
n[gp” vd $wpdhH. ehl;fs; fle;jNghJ> ghy; mtHfspd; kidtp
Qhd];ehdk; vLf;f jd;id Maj;jg;gLj;jp ghy; te;jTld;
mij epiwNtw;w fhj;jpUe;jhH. tho;tpd; Mokhd gFjpfis
Ghpe;JzHe;J> jd; fzthpd; topfspNyNa njhluTk; Jzpe;jhH.
]ÚflE´V©√^π ]Ú©√Ë
1914 Kjy; 1918 tiu ele;j Kjy; cyfg;Nghh; KbTf;F
te;jTld; ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; jd;Dila gq;fspg;ig Kjy;
cyfg;NghUf;F Kbe;jtiu je;Jtpl;L> Gjpa cw;rhfj;Jld;>
1919 Mf];l; khjk; ehL jpUk;gpdhh;. ,th; tUifia vjph;ghh;jJ
;
,q;fpUf;Fk; Copah;fs; kfpo;ej
; dh;. Vw;fdNt ehd;F ikaq;fspy;
jd; gzpia epiwT nra; t jw; F jpUr; r puhg; g s; s pia
ikakhff;nfhz;L gzp nra;a tha;g;G gukdpd; mUshy;
fpilj;jij vz;zp mfkfpo;e;jhh;. ,q;F gp~g;Ígh; fy;Y}hp>
J}a tsdhh; fy;Y}hp> Njrpa fy;Y}hp Mfpa fy;Y}hpfs;
,Ue;jjhy;> fpwp];jt khzth;fNshL RtpNr~g;gzp Nkw;nfhs;s
ey;y tha;g;G vd;Wk;> lhf;lh; ];lhd;]p N[hd;]; mjw;fhd
top Kiwfis typAWj; j p $wp jpUr; r puhg; g s; s p> f&h;
,ilNaahd fpuhk Copaq;fis njhlq;f top fhl;bdhh;.
1920 [dthp khjk; Kjy; fpwp];jt khzth;fs; ,af;Ôj;jpd;
nrayuhf kPz;Lk; %d;W Mz;LfSf;F nghWg;Ngw;whh;. ghy;
uq;f uhkhD[k;.

33
 mg;NghJ nkl;uh]; ,tuJ jiyikafkhfTk;> KjyhtJ
Mz;L rpNyhDk;> njd; jkpo;ehL KOtJk; ,tuJ Copag;
gFjpfshfTk; tpsq; f paJ. khzth; f s; ,tuJ Mq; f pyg;
GyikiaAk;> cz;ikAk;> cj;jKkhd Copa thQ;iriaAk;
fz;L gpukpj;jdh;. kpf Rthu];akhd rk;gtk; vd;dntd;why;
1922 k; Mz;L Nk khjk; rPdj;jiyefh; gPfpq;-y; eilngw;w
cyf fpwp];jt khzth;fs; mikg;G $l;lj;jpy; ,e;jpag;
gpujpepjpahf gq;Nfw;whh;.
,e;j fUj;juq;fk; Fwpj;J ghy; ,t;thW vOJfpwhh;> “ve;j
jpUr;rigahf ,Ug;gpDk;> ghuk;ghpa rigNah> my;yJ ,af;fNkh
fpwp];Jit gpujhdkhff;nfhz;L ,ize;jpUg;gJ $Lifapd;
jdpj;jd;ikia fhl;LfpwJ. mq;Nf ehd; kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpAld;
‘Jesus Shall reign where’er the sun’ vd;w ghliy ghbNdd;. vj;jid
fz;fs; kpfg;nghpa khw;wq;fs; fpwp];jtuy;yhj kf;fsplk;
fhzg;gl;lij mwpe;J nfhz;ld vd;W njhpatpy;iy. fpwp];Jtpd;
nfhs;iffs;> mtuJ Mtpapd; ty;yik> mtuJ gpurd;dk;
,tw;iw Mokhf> mfykhf>tpaf;fj;jjf;f tpjj;jpy; mth;fs;
czh;e;Jnfhs;s mike;jJ ,Jtiu Copah;fs; mwpf;ifapy;
ntspl;lij tpl ,J mjpfk; vd vOjpdhh;”.
1920-1922 tiu %d;whz;LfSf;F fpwp];jt khzth;fs;
,af;Ôj;jpd; nghWg;G NkYk; %d;W Mz;LfSf;F ePlb
; f;fg;gl;lJ.
cyf khzth;fs; $Lif nkl;uh]py; eilngw;w gpwF
kPz;Lk; ghy; ,q;fpyhe;Jf;F ,e;jpa gpujpepjpahf gq;Nfw;whh;.
>V´VA´›]_ ªaBD
1926 gD Mz;L [dthp khjk; ngh;kpq;fhkpypUe;J ,e;jpah
jpUk;gpdhh;. fle;j fhy tho;f;ifg;ghij ,tiu Copag;ghijapy;
ed;F tbtikj;jjdhy; jhuhGuk; gFjpfspy; 20 Mz;LfSf;F
Nkyhf jd; tho;it mq;Nf mh;g;gzpf;f Kbe;jJ.

34
 1926Mk; Mz;by; kpfg;nghpa ,af;fkhf> mq;F rq;F
giwah; ,af;fk; khwptpl;bUe;jJ. ghy;> jhd; 1913k; tUlj;jpy;
,sk; thypgdhf> kjk; khwpdtdhf mq;F te;jij epidT
gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhh;. xU Njrgf;jp nfhz;l kdpjdhf jd;id
epWj;jpnfhz;L> ghy;> jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fspd; Njit vd;d
vd;gijAk;> xU gpukhzd; ,e;J kjj;jpdhy; kPlf
; g;gl Kbatpy;iy
vd;gijAk;> czh;ej ; tuha; kf;fspilNa jd;id If;fpakhf;fpdhh;.
mLj;J te;j Mz;Lfspy; Mapuk; klq;F tpthjq;fs; te;j
NghJk;> ,e;jpa Njrj;jpw;F ,NaRtpd; Njit Ntz;Lk; vdTk;>
gpujhd Ntiyahf fpwp]; j tg; g zp mikaTk; nraypy;
,wq;fpdhh;.
“RtpNr~g;gzp vdJ jiyaha gzp> ew;nra;jp ahUf;F
Kjypy; NjitNah> ahh; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Maj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh
mth;fSf;F vLj;Jr;nry;y Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt ,iwtdpd; miog;G”
vd;W cWjpgl $wpdhh;.
xU Kiw jdJ Copag;ghijapy; xU rpwpa fpuhkj;jpd;
topNa nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jNghJ rkPgj;jpy; Vw;gl;l ngUkioahy;
kpfTk; ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shd me;j fpuhkj;ij> kio rpijj;Jg
;Nghl;bUe;jJ. mth; re;jpj;j Kjy; eguhd xU ngz;kzpapd;
Fbirf; F s; nrd; W ghh; j ; j hh; . mth; XU tpjit. ehd;
,e;jf;Nfhyj;jpy; cq;fis ghh;gg
; jpy; tUe;JfpNwd; vd;whh;. mjw;F
fpwp];Jit ehq; f s; Vw; W f;
me; j tpjit nrhd; d hh; . “fpwp];Jit
nfhz; b Uf; f htpby; ,e; j Ntjidfis vq; f shy; Vw; W f;
nfhz; b Uf; f KbahJ
KbahJ” vd; w hh; . mthpd; me; j tpRthr
thh;ji; jfs; ghy; cs;sj;ij mirj;J> jho;ikAs;sth;fsplj;jpy;
jia fhl;l jd;id jho;j;jp thOk;gb top fhl;baJ.
÷[ÆD >V´VA´›]_ ∂„´«V´D ®[Æ ŒÚ ÿ>Úsuz
ÿ√BÏ ÷Ú©√m √V_ ´∫Ô ´V\V–¤›][ ªaB›]uzD,
∂Ï©√Ë©∏uzD tÔflE≈Õ> ®|›m¬ÔV‚|.

35
 √V_´∫Ô ´V\V–¤xD, √[xÔ ªaBxD
ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; xU NghJk; ghLfSf;Fk;> Neh;ik
mw;w Fk;gYf;Fk; gae;jjpy;iy. Qhd];ehd Muhjidfis
jilnra;a Gw[hjp cah; ,e;Jf;fs; Kaw;rpj;jjhy; jho;ikAs;s
gae;j RghgKs;s fpwp];Jth;fs; mNef ghLfis re;jpj;jdh;.
,e;jKiw jhuhGuk; gzp gy ikaq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;L.
xt;nthd;Wk; xU Copah; my;yJ ,iwkf;fs; Copah; xUth;
nghWg;gpy; tplg;gl;lJ. mt;thwhf jhuhGuk; ikag;gFjp ghy;
mth; f splk; nfhLf; f g; g l; l J. mJ IE}W Foe; i jfs; >
,isQh;fs; MfpNahiu tpLjpg;gs;spfspypUe;Jk;> Ntjhfkg;
gs;spfspypUe;Jk;> Mrphpag; gapw;rp gs;spapypUe;Jk;> njhopw;
gapw;rpgs;sp> kUj;Jtkid kw;Wk; mUNf trpg;Nghh; vdJ gj;J
iky; Rw;W tl;lhug; gFjpia cs;slf;fpajhf mike;jpUe;jJ.
gpuhkzf; FLk;gj;ijr; Nrh;ej ; ghy; mq;F gzpGhptJ kf;fSf;F
kpFe;j kfpo;rr; piaAk;> mtiuf; fhz Mh;tj;ijAk; cah;Fbahd
mth; ghpahrf;fhuh;fSf;Fk;> jilnra;a epidg;NghUf;Fk; jFe;j
gjpiy juty;yth; mth; vd;W epidj;J kfpo;e;jdh;.
re; i jfSf; F nrd; W gpurq; f k; nra; t NjhL mth;
jpUg; j pailahky; > mk; k f; f is jf; f njhU fpwp]; J t
[Ptpaj;Jf;Nfw;w kf;fsha; khw;wTk;> Ntjhfkk; gw;wp mwpit
Nghjpf;fTk; vz;zpdhh;. me;j jUzq;fspy; S.C.M. NtNw khw;W
KiwfisAk; mwpKfg; g Lj; j paJ. Mdhy; ghy; gpuhkg;
gzpahsh;fis xUq;fpizj;J Nfhilfhy Ntjhfk tFg;Gfs;
xUq;fpize;J elj;j cWjp nfhz;lhh;. ∂jw;F midj;J
jug;gpYk; vjph;g;G fpsk;gpaJ. FLk;gk;> ikaj;jpypUe;J J}uk;
gzp ghjpg;G> gpurq;fpkhh; ,y;yhik vd gy fhuzq;fs; Kd;
itf;fg;gl;lJ. MapDk; ,k;khjphpahd tFg;Gfs; mtrpakh
vd;whh;. ,jd; gydhf GjpaNjhh; topia jpwe;J fpwp];Jt
If;fpak; vd;why; vd;d vd;W tpsq;fg; gz;zpdhh;.

36
Âu√Ë•D ÂÔ´©√Ë•D
ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; Nghd;w RWRWg;ghd xU kdpjiu
jhuhGuk; kf;fs; mwpahkypUf;f tha;g;gpy;iy vd;w mstpw;F>
fpwp];Jtpd; gzpia kl;LNk nra;J te;j NghJk;> mtiuj;
Njb xU Gjpa Nrjp te;jJ. xNu xU ,lk; murhy; efuhl;rp
kd;wj;jpw;F epakdk; nra;ayhk; vd;w epiyapy; mDkjp ,Ue;jJ.
mg;NghJ me;j epakdjhuuhf ,Ue;j Mq;fpNya Copah; jdf;F
mg;gjtp Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk;> mjd; gzp Neh;ikaw;w Kiwapy;
,Ug;gjhfTk; vz;zp kWepakdj;jpw;F kWj;Jtpl;lhh;. vdNt
mtUf;F gjpyhf ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; ngah; ghpe;Jiu
nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Njh;jy; te;jJ. efuhl;rp Nrh;kd; gjtpf;F ghy; ahUf;F
thf;fspg;ghh; vd;w vjph;ghh;g;G vy;yh kf;fsplKk; fhzg;gl;lJ>
Fwpg;ghf vjph;fl;rpapdh; mjpfkhf tpthjpj;jdh;. ghy; mth;fs;
xUtiu Mjhpf;fpwhh; vd;why; vjpuzp thg]; ngWk; mstpw;F
ghy; mth;fspd; jhf;fk; fhzg;gl;lJ. thp Ô‚|>_ njhlh;ghd
gpur;rpid Vw;gl;l NghJ> xU NfhgKw;w ePjpgjp> uq;f uhkhD[k;
vd;d nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;> mth; xU fytu Fk;giÈ ifapy;
itj;Jf; nfhz;L> me;j jho;jj ; g;gl;l ,d kf;fSf;F Mjuthf
rl;l jpl;lq;fis khw;wr; nrhy;yp kpul;Lfpwhuh? vd NfhgKw;whh;.;
Mdhy; ele;jJ vd;dntd;why; xUth; Mw;wq;fiuf;F
mg;ghy; cs;s jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;F ‘ghy; kpfTk; Mgj;jhd
#oypy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> jq;fSf;fhfj;jhd; ,t;tsT nghpa
rpf;fypy; ,Uf;fpwhh;’ vdTk; jfty; mDg;gpdhh;. vdNtjhd;
kf;fs; jb> fk;Gfis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L jq;fs; CopaUf;F
ghJfhg;Gf; nfhLf;f jpuz;ldh;.
,d;W vj;jid CopaUf;F ghJfhg;ghf kf;fs; jpuz;L
tUthh;fs; typa thf;fspf;fpNwd; vd;W thf;fspj;J tpl;L> eh
$rhky; ngha; NgRk;> re;jh;gg
; thj $l;lzp mikf;Fk; Copah;fs;

37
,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpwhh;fs;. NtypNa gapiu Nka;e;j fijahf
rpy Copah;fs; fhiy thUk; Njh;jy; cyfpy; vjph;fl;rpNa
typa te;J ghy; mth;fis efu Nrh;kd; Mf;f tpUk;gpaJ.
mth;fs; mtUf;F r%f gzpfis nra;a top thry; tFj;Jf;
nfhLj;jhh;fs;. mJ jFjpahdJjhdh vd tpae;jhh;. Mdhy;
mtuJ Copag; gzpapy; E}W fpuhkq;fs; gbg;gbahf fpwp];Jit
Vw;Wf; nfhz;ld.
Nkd;ikahd fPhPlk;
“None but Jesus, none but Jesus none but Jesus is worthy to
Wear this precious diadem, India, and Jesus Shall have it”
- Keshub Chunder Sen
,e;jpah vd;whNy fijAk;> ghlYk;> fyhr;rhuk;> fz;izf;
ftUk; kiyAk; gs;sj;jhf;Fk;> moFk; Md;kpfKk; vd ºÔ≠©
,e;jpahtpd; epiyiaf; $wpdhh;.
ghy; mth;fSk; mt;thNw ,e;jpahit vz;zpapUe;jhYk;>
kd;dhh;FbAk;> jhuhGuKk; vt;thW fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;W
,aw; i fNahL xg; g pl; L Nehf; f pg; g hh; j ; j hh; . NtWghLfis
fz;lwpe;jhh;. kd;dhh;Fb KOtJk; ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fs;> Mdhy;
jhuhGuk; gFjp fpwp];Jt Myaq;fs;> mk;kf;fs; midtUk;
jho;j;jg;gl;l ,d kf;fs;> jPz;lj;jfhjth;fs;> [hjpia tpl;L
ntspNawpath;fs; - ,th;fs; ºÔ≠© Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;jpahtpy;
Fwpg;gplg;g¶hjth;fs;.
jh$h; vOjpdhh;> “flTs; jho;e;Njhhplj;jpy; jq;Ffpwhh;”
vd;W fhe;jpabfs; $wpdhh;> “`hp[d; - flTspd; gps;isfs;”.
“,e;jpah xNu typikkpf;f ehlhf khw Ntz;Lnkd;why; fpwp];Jt
kp\dhpkhh;fspd; Njrj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gk; gzp kfj;JtkhdJ”.
vd Njrgf;jh;fs; $wpdh;. ftpQh; ºÔ≠©;gpd; jPh;f;fjhprd thpfs;
Nghy> mitfs; epiwNtw “ ,e;j kfpikahd fPhplk;> vd
mth;fs; gzpiaAk;> mth;fisAk; $wyhNkh!

38
√VÈÔ[ ∏≈©AD, √V´> ÔÈVflƒV´xD
,e;jpa tuyhw;wpd; fyhr;rhug; gf;fq;fspy; vd;Wk;
epiyj;jpUg;git jPghtsp gz;bif> mJ fpwp];Jk]; gz;biff;F
rpy thuq;fSf;F Kd;gjhf tUk; xd;W> fpwp];J gpwg;gpd;
gz;bifapd; NghJ jhuhGuk; kUj;Jkid> tpLjpfs; kw;Wk;
Rw;Wg; gFjpfspy; tpsf;Ffs; vhpa tpl;L kfpOtJ ,J
‘fpwp];Jth;fspd; jPghtsp’ vd miof;fj; J}z;Lk;; gbahf
mike;jpUe;jJ.
me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; Muhjid Kiwikfisg; ghh;j;j
,e;J kf;fs;> “,J mth;fs; Nfhtpy;> flTs; vq;Nf? fpwp];Jth;fs;
Koq;fhy; gbapl;L> fz;fis %b. iffis ,izj;J khj;jpuk;
ntw;wplj;jpy; Fk;gpLfpwhh;fNs” vd Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;ldh;. mjw;F
fz;fis %baTld; mth;fs; kdjpy; fpwp];Jit epidj;J
tzq;Fthh;fs;” vd;W tpsf;fk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
,t;thwhf fpwp];Jk]; Muhjidia ,e;J kf;fs;
fz;ldh;. fpwp];Jk]; rkaq;fspy; tpsf;FfSk;> fpwp];Jk];
nra;jpAk;> ghly;fSk;> nra;jpNahL MZk;> ngz;Zkhf>
,isatUk;> tNahjpfUkhf Nrh;e;J ghLth;. NkYk; gj;J Ngh;
nfhz;L Xh; ,isQh; FO> “ca;ay; Fk;kp” vd;w xU tif
eldj;ij Rod;W> Rod;W MLth;.
NkYk; fpwp];Jk]; ehlfk; xd;W md;iwa jhuhGuk;
#oy;> ehlfr;#oy; rhh;e;J elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,itfs; ,q;fpyhe;J
Njrj;jpypUe;J ngw;wit my;y> ,e;jpa Njrj;J kz;zpd;
thridNahL “midtUf; F k; ew; n ra; j p” vd; w epiyapy;
nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fspd; Kbtpy; %d;W
Kiw “Njt ehk rq;fPh;j;jdk”;> vd;W %d;W Kiw nrhy;yTk;>
$l;lj;jhh; midtUk; jq;fs; iffis jiyf;F NkNy cah;jj ; p
“Njth> Njth”> vd;W tzq;fp epiwT nra;tJ ,e;jpa kz;zpd;
kfj;Jtj;ij gpujpgypg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ.

39
mNjNghy; tUlhe;jpu Njhj;jpug;gz;bif vd;gJ kpfTk; rpwg;G
nghUe;jpa jiyaha tpohthf fUjg;gl;lJ.
Kjy; Qhd];ehd Muhjid eilngw;w NghJ mjpf
kpul;ly; tFf;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; ngz;fs; jiyapy; G+r;#b
jpUkzj;jpw;F nry;tJ Nghy; fye;J nfhz;ldh;.
√V|Ô^
,jd; gydhf mLj;j ,uz;L> %d;whz;Lfspy; mth;fs;
Ntiyapdpd;W Gwf;fzpj;J> nra;j Ntiyf;F $yp kWf;fg;gl;L>
fhLfspy; tpwFf;F Rs;sp nghWf;f tplhky; tpul;Lg;gl;L> ePh;
nkhs;s jil nra;ag;gl;L fpwp];Jt kf;fs; gl;l ghLfs;
Vuhsk;. Vwj;jho Mapuj;J IE}W kf;fs; 20 – 30 iky;fs;
gazpj;J ,uz;L ehl;fs; $b Muhjid nra;J> ghly; ghb>
n[gpj;J rhl;rpfis $wp filrpapy;> “,dpNky; vjw;Fk;
mQ;Rtjpy;iy” vd;w KbTf;F te;jdh;.
ƒV‚EÔ^
xUKiw Mq; f pNya kp\dhp xUth; Qhd]; e hd
Muhjidapy; fye;J nfhz;ljhy; mth; kpFe;j kd cisr;ry;
mile;jhh;. [hjp ,e;Jf;fs;> fpwp];jth;fshf khwpdhy; fLikahd
tpisTfis re;jpf;f NehpLk; vd kpul;ly; tpLf;fg;gl;ldh;.
fy;tp Nrit kWf;fg;gLk; vdTk;> $wg;gl;lijf; Nfl;l me;j
Mq;fpNyag; ngz;kzp> kWehs; fz;l fhl;rp mtUf;F kd
kfpo;r;rpia mspj;jJ. Vnddpy; mNefh; te;J Mz;ltiu
Muhjpf;f jpuz;bUe;jdh;. “,Jjhd; fpwp];jt [Ptpak;”; vd;whh;.
√B∫Ô^
,uz;L rhjhuz fpuhk kf;fs; jq;fs; Foe;ijfSf;F
Qhd]; e hdk; ngw mth; f sJ fpuhkj; j py; rig ,y; y hj
fhuzj;jpdhy; 12 iky;fSf;F mg;ghy; cs;s jhuhGuk;
Myaj;Jf;F J}f;fp te;jdh;. Muhjid fhiy 8.30 kzpf;F

40
Jtq;Fk;. ∂th;fs; Mw;iwf; fle;J te;J jq;fs; jhdpaq;fis
gilj; J tpl; L gpurq; f k; Kbe; J jq; f s; gps; i sfspd;
Qhd];ehdj;Jf;fhf fhj;jpUe;jdh;. mg;nghpa Myaj;jpy; 400
– 500 Ngh; Njtid Muhjpf;f tUthh;fs;. vt;tsT tpRthrk;?
J}uKk; > $l; l Kk; mth; f is Muhjidapdpd; W tpyf; f p
itf;ftpy;iy.
jq;fs; gps;isfis ,iwtdpd; gzpf;F mh;gg ; zpj;jhh;fs;.
,jdhy; j hd; kfpikapd; fP h plk; ngw kf; f s; khngUk;
rf;jpfsplkpUe;J tpLjiy ngw;wdNuh! ,t;thwhf jhuhGuk;
fpwp]; J Tf; F s; jiynaLj; J te; J rhl; r papd; kf; f sha;
,Ug;gth;fis jfh;j;njwpa Ntz;Lk; vd ,d;Wk; rpyh; Jbg;gJ
VNdh!
˛§¸>k >ÁÈk[
1937Mk; Mz;L ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ngh;kpq;«hk; efhpy; ‘Njtd;
,d;iwa jiyKiwNahL NgRfpwhh;’ vd;w jiyg;gpy; tpy;ypak;
nlk;gps; C.F.Mz;l;&]; tp];]h;-Ω-Í;gl; kw;Wk; rpyh;> ‘,iwtd;
,e;jpahtpD}Nl Ng∑fpwhh;’ vd Ngrpdh;. ,th;fSila ciu
,e;jpahtpy; Mya Muhjidia ikag;gLj;jp tsUk; fpwp];Jt
tpRthj;ijg; gw;wpajhapUe;jJ. ∂kÏÔ^ ciuap_> jpU.uq;f
uhkhD[k; mth;fspd; khrpy;yh gzpapid Njtd; mtUila
Myaj;jpd; %ykhf epiwNtw;Wfpwhh;” vd AÔμÕ>™Ï.
nghJ nrayhsh;> “Njtdpd; kfj;Jtj;ij¬ fz;Bh;fsh?
®™¬ Nfl;L> ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; mth;fsplk; $wpaijf; $wpdhh;>
“xU rhjhuz fpuhkj;J kdpjd;> ngUq;fUizg;ghisaj;jpypUe;j
Mgpu`hk; vd;w me;j kdpjd; n[gpj;j NghJ> me;j tPl;bd;
epiyf;fjTfs; mirf;Fk;gbf;F mtuJ rj;jk; Njtid Jjpj;J>
me;j tPL KOtJNk n[gj;jhy; epiwe;jJ” vd ghy; $wpajhf
mth; njhptpj;jhh;.

41
 ghy; jdJ ciuapy; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ “,e;jpafl #wy;
vg;gb kfpo;r;rpg; gputhfkhf khwpapUf;fpwJ”. Mjw;F fh;j;jhpd;
miog;Gk;> Myaq;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk;> mijr; rhh;e;j elg;G
epfo;TfSk; vg;gb jhf;fj;ij ,e;jpa kz;zpy; Vw;gLj;jp
apUf;fpd;wd” vd;W $wpdhh;.
gÈB∫Ôπ[ ∂´EB_ ƒVƒ™D
“xU ehL [dehaf Kiwapy; tsu Ntz;Lnkdpy; mJ
fpwp];J vd;w gs;spap;_ gapyhtpby; mJ jdJ mbg;gil
gpuflrpidfshfpa murpay; gpur;rpidfSf;F jPh;T vd;gjid>
fpwp];Jit j[ uh[hthf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; kl;LNk> rPrh;
Nghd;w vjphpfs; ,y;yhky; Nghthh;fs;” vd ghy; tpsf;fkspj;jhh;.
¤V]Ô”D, ƒJÔ sº´V>∫Ô”D
“fpwp];Jtpd; md;gpdhy; Rjh;fSk;> gpwUk; xNu rhPukhf
fpwp];JTf;Fs; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ Nghy [hjp vd;w czh;it
fpwp];Jtpd; md;ghf kl;LNk cj;juthjk; nfhLj;J kWgb•k;
,izj;J itf;f KbAk;” vd ghy; $wpdhh;.
∞μÁ\•D, >VμÁ\•D
“rKjha rpj;jhe;jq;fshy; my;y> khwhf> fpwp];jt
Nfhl;ghLfshNyNa> gzpahsh;fshf mh;gg
; zpg;gjd; %yk; ,e;jpa
Vio kf;fis rk chpik vd;w mbg;gilapy; rk gq;fPL
mspj;J mth;fis Vo;ikj; jd;ik vd;w Ntjidapy; ,Ue;J
tpLtpf; f KbAk; ” vd Vo; i k epiyia ,q; f pyhe; j py;
czh;j;jpdhh;.
“tpthpf; f Kbah > mstpw; F NtjidiaAk; > kd
cisr;rYk; ,e;jpah;fs; mile;J tUfpd;wdh;”. vd;Nw Ngrpa
midtUk; mOj;jk; nfhLj;J Ngrpdh;.

42
ªaBÏÔ”¬z ∂Áw©A
“,e; j pah; f Sf; F Ml; r pahsh; f Nsh> ey; n yz; z ›
J}Jth;fNsh Njitapy;iy> Mdhy; Gdpjh;fSk;> jPhf ; f
; jhprpfSk;>
Ntj gz;bjh;fSk; Njit. Vnddpy; vq;fsplk; jpwd;kpF
Ml;rpahsh;fSk;> Nkyhz;ik jpwik ngw;wth;fSk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.
jw;NghJ> ,e;jpahtpd; Njit vd;dntd;why; Neh;jj ; pahd Njtid
Muhjpf;fpw Copah;fs;> ………….. mJ vy;yhtw;wpYk; rpwe;jJ
mJjhd; ……… fpwp];J.
,e;jg; Ngr;Rf;fisnay;yhk; Nfl;lJk; fPof
; z;lthW jdJ
Gj;jfj;jpy; J.J.vy;yp]; gjpT nra;fpwhh;.
J.J.vy;yp]; “,e;jf; Fuy; jtwhky; xU topfhl;Lgtd;
Fuy;. √V_ xU gpwtpj;jiytd;. Muk;g ehl;fspy; C.T.N. –d;
ez;gh;fs; mq;fPfhpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;jhd; vy;yhiuAk;
Kd;nrd;W top elj;jpapUf;fpwhh;. mtUila nghWg;Gzh;T
nk]g;gl;NlhkpahtpYk;> S.C.M. Yk; tpsq;fp mth; xU rpwe;j
jpl;lkpLgkh;> rpwe;j xUq;fpizg;ghsh; vd;w ngah; ngw;W je;jJ.
mnkhpf;fhtpYk; ,e;jpahtpYk; YMCA kw;Wk; S.C.M. ,ize;J
,e;jpa Copah;fis nfhz;L rhjfkhd Kaw;rpfis nra;a
type;J nray; glr; nra;jJ.”
“nkjb]; l ; rigapy; ,uz; L tifahd tl; l q; f s;
fhzg;gl;ld. Œd;W> Rje;jpukhd fhyhz;L $Lif” ,uz;lhtJ
kp\d; ikaq;fs;”.
“KjyhtJ gphptpy; Ra Mjuthsh;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa
Copah; f s; fz; f hzpg; g hsh; f shTk; > ,uz; l htJ gphptpy;
kp\dhpfshfTk; fUjg;gl;ldh;. ,uz;L mikg;GfSNk rpdhl;
MSiff;Fl;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,uz;lhtJ gphptpy; jdp kdpjDf;F
mjpf re;jh;g;gk; toq;fp Copag; ghijapy; miof;fg;gl;lhd;.

43
 Nkw;fz;l J.J.vy;yp]; mth;fspd; $w;Wg;gb ghy; xU
rpwe;j Copauhf> eph;thfpahf> gzpahsuhf fUjg;gl;lhh;. vdNt
Xuhz;L fhyj;jpy; ghy; kp\d; gzpj;jsj;jpy;> Nkw;ghh;itahsuhf
khtl;l ikaj;jpy; gzpakh;j;jg;gl;lhh;.
ghy; mth;f^ nkjb];l; ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; kPJ ∂y>
ÂD∏¬ÁÔ nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,q;fpyhe;J Njrj;jpy; jhd; nra;j
Nkw;ghh;itg; gzpNghd;Nw ,e;jpag; gzpiaAk; fUjpdhh;. ,th;jhd;
Kjy; my;yJ ,uz;lhtJ ,e;jpauhf ,g;nghWg;gpid tfpj;jth;.
,th; rpdhl; mikg;gpd; khtl;l nrayh·uhf Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gl;lhh;.
,th; ,isQuhf ,Ue;jNghJ ,g;gzpf;F miof;fg;gl;ljhy;
jd; gzpfspy; jdpj;jpwik fhl;b njd; ,e;jpa khtl;lq;fis
xUq; f pize; J tUlhe; j pu nghWg; g hsh; f s; > \Á≈ khtl; l
jiyth;fs; Njh;e;njLj;J jdJ gzpapid rpwg;ghf;fpdhh;.
1935 Mk; Mz;by; Njrpa mstpy; xU nghpa epfo;°fs;
kWkyh;rr ; p fz;ld. mg;NghJ fhq;fpu]; fl;rp mNef njhFjpfspy;
ÿku§ ngw;wJ. ∂g;NghJ gyj;j tpkh;rdj;Jf;F cl;gl;¶NghJk;
Njrpa fpwp];Jt kd;wk; Âunra;jp gzpapy; xU Ie;J Mz;L
jpl;lj;ij jPl;b mjpy; midj;J rigfSk; gq;F ngw nra;jJ.
Episcopal, congregational, Presbyterian, Methodist njd;dpe;jpa rig
vd ,jw;F Kd; ,y;yhj mstpw;F xd;wpide;J nray;gl;lNghJ>
ghy; mth;fspd; rig rhh;ej ; gq;fspg;Gk;> rig© gphpTfs; ,ilNa
cs;s gq;fspg;Gk; kfj;jhdjhf mike;J ghy; mth;fSf;F
kpfg;nghpa ngaiu <l;bj;je;jJ. vdNt xUq;fpize;j rig
vd;w xU Gjpa Kaw;rp Njhd;wpaJ.
1932- Mk; Mz;L ,q;fpyhe;jpy; eilngw;w nkjb];l;
xd;wpB¬ $Lifap_ gq;Nfw;f ghy; jd; kidtpAld; gq;FngWk;
tha;g;igg; ngw;whh;.nry;fpw toply; mth; ghy];jPdh nrd;W.
mq;fpUe;J ,j;jhyp nrd;wile;J> º´VD ÂÔˆ_ Ngh© mth;fis

44
re;jpj;J ,UtUk; Mrp ngw;wdh;. nrd;w ,lq;fspnyy;yhk;
nkjb];l; ez;gh;fs; md;Gld; tuNtw;wdh;.
÷Õ]BVsuz √V_ ∂kÏÔπ[ √∫Ôπ©A
J.J.vy;yp]; $Wfpwhh;> “mtUila jpwikfis mwpNtd;
tpaj;jF jpwd; nfhz;lth;. mijg;ghh;jJ
; tpae;J NghapUf;fpNwd;.
ƒuskhf Mq;fpyk; NgRk; jpwik•k;> mNef Neuj;jpy; xU ,e;jpad;
Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; mstpw;F nra;jp nrhy;tjpKD ty;yth;. xU
gpuhkz zÈ›]_ gpwe;j ,th;> jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fsplk; nrd;W
gofp> rj;jpaj;ij mwptpj;J mth;fs; r%fj;jpy; xU nghpa
khw;wj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jth;.
ghy; midj; J epfo; T fspd; ikakhf ,Ue; J
nray;gl;ljhy; S.C.M. %yk; kp\dhp nrhiƒl;bf;fhf mNef
gq;fspg;GÔs; nra;jhh;. mth; ,q;fpyhe;J nrd;wpUe;j rkaj;jpy;
khtl;lj;jpw;F nghWg;ghf xU ,e;jpaiu my;yJ xU rPdiu
epakpf; f rpdhl; KbT nra; j J. ,Jtiu Nrh; k d; xU
kp\dhpahfNt ,Ue;>jhy;> rpdhl; xUtiu epakpf;f KbT nra;J
te;jJ.
vdNt ghy; mth;fisNa khtl;l nghWg;ghsuhf rpdhl;
epakdk; nra;jJ. ,jid Mq;fpy mu∑k; MNkhjpj;J ,jd;gpwF
ghy; khtl;lj;jpd; Kjy; ,e;jpa Nrh;kdhf gjtp Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;.
,e;j ƒkaj;jpy; nkl;uh]; uh[jhdpapy; (nrd;id khfhz›]y;)
fhq;fpu]; Ml;rpapy; mkh;e;jJ. vdNt rigfs; ,e;jpag;
gpujpepjpfspd; fPo; nray;glTk;> ghJfhg;ghf gzpGhpaTk; ÷m
ƒV›]B\VluÆ.
khtl; l MSikj; jd; i k vy; y hg; gFjpfspYk;
tphptile;jJ. rpW fpuhkq;fs; Jtq;fp efuk; tiuapYk;> Mapuk;
kf;fs;> gy;yhapuf;fhd kf;fs; nfhz;l rigahf khwTk;>
fpuhkg;gs;spfs;> jpUr;rigfs;> tpLjpfs;> kUj;Jtki™fs;> ngz;
gzpahsh; f s; > Mrphpa – Mrphpiafs; > RtpNr\fh; f s;

45
nra;jpahsh;fs; vd ,e;jpa kz;zpy; kpfg;nghpa rKjha
Kd;Ndu≈k; Vw;gl ghy; mth;fspd; gq;fspg;G epidT $wj;
jf;fJ. ,e;j kpfg;nghpa mWtÁ¶ÁB nra;a mth; gl;l f\;lq;fs;
mNefk;. E}wj;jidahd gyid ngw;w mth; vy;yhtw;iwAk;
fpwp];Jtpw;F mh;g;gzpj;jhh;.
jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spapd; tsh;rr
; pahdJ kpfTk; tpaf;f itf;Fk;
xd; w hFk; . ehd; F kiwkhtl; l q; f is (njd; khepyq; f s; )
xd;wpizf;fTk;> jpl;lkpl;L xUq;fpizj;J tbtikf;fTk; ghy;
mth;fspd; rPhpa gzpg;nghWg;G cjtpaJ.
√V_ ´∫Ô ´V\V–¤xD, √V´D√ˆBxD
,e;jpahtpd; cah;Fbapy; gpwe;J> Mr;rhuk; fyhr;rhuk;>
vd;w ghuk;ghpa fl;Lg;ghl;by; tsh;e;J> Nkd;ikahd tho;tpid
fpwp];Jtpw;fhf mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTÁÈg;Nghy; vy;yhtw;iw•k;
Fg;ig•k;> e\;lKk; vd;W vz;zp tpl;Ltpl;L fpwp];JTf;fhf
jd;id jho;j;jp Copak; nra;jJ tpe;ijNa.
,it vy;yhtw;wpYk; ghy; mth;fSf;F cjtpahf ,Ue;jJ
mtUf;F fpilj;j el;G> Muk;gfhy ez;gh;fs;> kp\dhp ez;gh;fs;>
Mq;fpy mwpT> fh;j>
; ˆ[ fpUig> ghpRj;j Mtpapd; gyk; Mfpait.
ghy; mth;fs; eifr;Rit czh;Tk; nfhz;lth;. mtUk;
mtUila kidtp•k; m[Ak;> tpUe;Njhk;gYk; kpf;fth;fs;>
gpuhkz ghuk;ghpaj;NjhL midtiuAk; cgrhpj;J tpahod;
NjhWk; ,e; j pahitg; g w; w pAk; . ∏uhkzg; g p [ddp gw; w p •k;
njhpsj;jdh;. ghy; mth;fSk; mtuJ kidtp•k; FLk;g n[gj;ij
Kbj;j gpwNf tpUe;jpdh;fis re;jpg;ghh;fs;.
÷Æ] ÂV‚Ô^
jdJ filrp ehl;fspy; f&h; efhpy; ew;gzp nra;J
te;jhh;. mg;NghJ Mq;fpNya kp\dhp xUth; ghy; mth;fis¬
fhz te;jhh;. mg;NghJ ghy; kpfTk; Neha; tha;©gl;L ,Ue;jhh;.

46
mg;gbAk; rpy rkaq;fspy; Copaj;jpd; fhuzkhf ntspNa
nrd;W te;jhh;.
“vdf;F Kd;gjhf ,uz;L nghpa fjTfs; cs;sd”
vd;W $wp> kd;dhh;Fb Nfhtpypd; epidTfisj; jhq;fp ePq;fs;
,q;Nf jq;fp ,Uq;fs;> ehd; fz;bg;ghf kd;dhh;Fb nry;y
Ntz;Lk;” ®d;W Mq;fpNya kp\dhpaplk; $wpdhh;. Nehapd;
jd;ikia czh;ej ; Tld; mtiu cldbahf kJiu> mnkhpf;fd;
kp\d; kUj;Jtkidf;F nfhz;L nry;y KbntLj;jdh;.
mtru mtrukhf Njitahditfis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L
kJiu nry;y kidtpNahL ghy; mth;fisAk; mioj;J nfhz;L
nrd;wdh;. kJiu nry;Yk; topapy; jpUr;;rpuhg;gs;spapy; rigapy;
QhapW khiy Xa;tiwapy; jq;fpdh;. EÈ ez;gh;fs; mtiu
ghh;f;f te;jdh;. czT midtUf;Fk; tutioj;jhh;. mjw;F
Kd; tof;fk; NghyNt ,uT n[gk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. md;W
mg;Ngh];jy elgbfs; gjpide;jhk; mjpfhuk; thrpf;fg;gl;lJ.
gpwF te;jpUe;j ,uz;L Copah;fis•k; mioj;J n[gpf;f
Ntz;bdhh;. mjpy; xUth; ngUq;fUiz ghisaj;jpypUe;J te;j
xUth; Kjd;Kjyhf me;j CUf;F nrd;w NghJ rpWtdhf
,Ue;J fpwp];Jit Vw;Wf; nfhz;lkÏ.
ghy; uq;f uhkhD[Kk; jkpOk; Mq;fpyk; fye;j njd;
,e;jpa nkhopf;fyit ghq;fpy; n[gk; nra;jhh;. kWehs; fhiy
kJiu khefh; kUj;Jtkidf;F nrd;wile;jdh;. kUj;Jtkidapy;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhh;. rpfpr;iƒ Muk;gkhfpaJ. ghy; mth;fspd;
Kfj;jpy; khw;wk; njhpe;jJ. cly; rw;W ÿ√È[ nfhz;lJ. √V_
kUj;Jth;fSld; Ngrpdhh;.
vy;yhUk; kfpo;r;rpaile;jdh;. Mdhy; me;j kfpo;r;rp
md;NwhL Kbe;J NghdJ. Mk; kWehs; fhiy [{d; 4k; Njjp
1945> fhiy ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; fh;jj
; Uf;Fs; epj;jpiuaile;jhh;.
md; W khiyNa mlf; f k; nra; a MNyhrpf; f g; g l; L > J}a

47
fpwp];Nlhgh; Myaj;jpy; cs;s fpwp];Nlhgh; Nlhgh/k; «Vh;l;yp
mth;fSila fy;yiw mUNfNa caph;njOjypd; ek;gp;¬iffhf
mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j fpwp];Nlhgh; Nlhgh/f; «Vh;ly
; papd;
ngauhNyjhd;> jw;Nghija fpwp];Nlhgh; Myak;
miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,th; ghy; ,wg;gjw;F gj;J Mz;LfSf;F
Kd;Ng epj;jpiu mile;jhh;.
√V_ ´∫Ô ´V\V–¤›][ \Á≈Ák¬ z§›m ŒÚ J›>
t≠™ˆ ÷ÀkVÆ ®ø]™VÏ
“ehq; f s; kpfg; n ghpa topfhl; b ahd jd; d pfhpy; y h
jiytid ,oe;J tpl;Nlhk;. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s mNef gpuhkz
gs;sp khzth;fs; (ghy;) uq;f uhkhD[j;ij•k; mtuJ Gjpa
tpRthrg; gw;iw•k; epr;rak; epidT $Æthh;fs;. NkYk; jq;fs;
khztg; gUtj; j py; fpwp]; J it re; j pj; j th; f s; > Vw; W f;
nfhz;lth;fs; ,tiu epidT $Wthh;fs;. ,tuJ nrhe;j
khepyj;jpd; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd fpuhkq;fSk;> gzpahl;fSk; ,tuJ
“mWg;G kpFjp> Ntiyahl;fNsh nfhQ;rk;” vd;w rPhpa trdj;ijf;
nfhz;L epidT $Wthh;fs;.
Ô™° ™kV™m
ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; kiwe;J ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; fle;jJ.
,e;jpah jdJ Ree;jpu fhw;iw Rthrpf;f Mq;fpNya m´R mDkjp
toq; f paJ. ,e; j kfpo; N thL xU khjk; fle; j NghJ
fpwp];jth;fSf;F NkYk; Xh; ÷dpa nra;jp te;jJ. mJ 1947
Mk; Mz;L nrg;gk;gh; 27k; Njjp ghy; vjw;fhf fLk; Kaw;rp
Nkw;nfhz;L> thQ;rpj;J> n[gpj;J> Copag; ghijapy; ctifAld;
mNef jilfis› jfh;j;J> vjph;g;Gfisnay;yhk; vjph;nfhz;L
ŒÚ ‘fpwp]; j t A+dpaid’ cUthf; f vz; z pdhNuh mJ
Jtq;fg;gl;l ehs; md;W.

48
 nrd;id J}a [hh;[; fjPlu; ypy; xUq;fpize;j njd;dpe;jpa
jpUr;rig cUthdJ. njd;dpe;jpa khepy Nguhah;fs;> Copah;fs;
gq;Nfw;wdh;. gjpdhd;F Gjpa Nguhah;fs; mgpNr\g; nghaT
ngw;wdh;. mt;thW mUl;nghaT ngw;w Nguhah;fspy; xUth;
ghy; mth;fspd; $l ngq;fShpy; gbj;jth;> NkYk; ez;gh;fs;
gyh; 27 Mz;Lfs; mtNuhNl $l Copag; ghijapy; ,ize;J
nray;gl;lth;fs;.
‘Nguhauhf ∂Ú‚ÿ√Va° mjw;F gpwF vt;tsT nghpa
gpd;dzp ,Uf;fpwJ’ vd NtjidAld; xUth; $wpdhh;. “ghy;
mth;fspd; Mh;tk; ,itfis nfhz;L te;jJ” njd;dpe;;jpa
jpUr;rig gpwe;jij $wp gpukpj;jhh;.
,e;j tpoh epfo;Tfs; ghpRj;j ew;fUizAld; njhlh;e;J
Vwj;jho 3000 rig kf;fs; Gjpa If;fpak; G+kpapy; Njhd;wpaJ
vd Njtid Jjpj;J kfpik gLj;jpdhh;fs; midtUk; Mh;g ; g
; hpj;J
ghbj; Jjpj;jhh;fs; Mdhy; mq;Nf xUtÏ kl;Lk; ,y;iy ……..
Mk; mth;jhd; ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k;> Nguhah; mrhhpah> kw;Wk;
rpyh; ,e;j khw;wj;jpw;fhf vLj;j Kaw;rpfs;> gl;l f\;lq;fs;>
fdTfs; 1947 nrg;lk;gh; 27 md;W ez;gfy; #hpa xspapy;
kpd;dpaJ. fpwp];Jtpd; murpy; Xh; Gjpa mj;jpahak; cUthdJ.
,e;j Gjpa mj;jpahakhd njd;dpe;jpa jpUr;rig cUthf
jd;id cz;ikAk; cj;jKkhd Copaf;fhudha; ,izj;Jf;
nfhz;L gzpahw;wpa ghy; mth;fspd; epidthf cUthd
Myak;jhd; ciwA+h; J}agTy; Myak;> ,j;jifa rpwg;G kpf;f>
Copah; jpUr;rpf;F fpilj;jpUe;jJ> fh;j;jhpd; fpUig.
f&hpYk;> jhuhGuj;jpYk; fh;j;jhpd; fUizia vLj;Jr;
nrd;W kpfg;nghpa $l;lj;ij fh;j;jUf;nfd;W cUthf;fpaJ
ghy; uq;f uhkhD[k; mth;fNs!
]ÚflE´V©√^πl_ cÁ≈Rˆ_, ÿ\>Ω¸‚ √V´D√ˆB›]_
cÚkV™ gÈB›]uz ÷k´m ªaB›][ WÁ™kVÔ #B √°_
gÈBD ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m.

49
50
 ÷Õ]B º>ƒD ∑>Õ]´ ÔVuÁ≈ ∑kVE›> gı¶V˛B 1947gD
kÚ¶D, ÿ>[MÕ]B ]ÚflƒÁ√ cÚkV™m. ∑>Õ]´D ÿ√uÆ ƒˆBVÔ
ŒÚ \V> ÔVÈ›]_ ÿƒ[Á™ AM> ¤VÏÎ º>kVÈB›]_, ÿƒ©¶D√Ï
\V>D 27gD ÂV^ 1947gD gı| ŒÚ ÷MB ÔVÁÈ©ÿ√Vø]_
∂ºÂÔ´m ®ıD ~º¶§Bm ÿ¤√D ºÔ‚Ô©√‚|. ∑\VÏ x©√m gı|
ÔVÈ Ô™kV˛B ÿ>[MÕ]B ƒÁ√Ôπ[ ŒÚ∫˛Á©A ¶Õm
WÁ≈ºk§Bm.
√]™V[z A]B º√´VBÏÔ^ ∂∏º≠˛¬Ô©√‚¶VÏÔ^.
tÔ©ÿ√ˆB ªÏkÈD ÿ>V¶∫˛ ÿƒ[Æ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ> º√Vm BVÏ
Ô‚¶VBD ∂]_ √∫z ÿ√u§Ú¬Ô ºkı|º\V, ∂kÏ ∂∫z
÷_ÁÈ.√]™V[z º√´VBÏÔ”¶[ ÿ√∫ÔjÏ Ô_Ÿˆl_ √l[≈
∂kÏÔ·m Âı√Ï √V_ ´∫Ô ´V\V–¤D >V[ ∂∫z ÷_ÁÈ.
÷Ú√›º>ø gı|Ô^ mˆ>©√Ë ÿƒF> Âı√ÏÔ^ ∂∫ºÔ
÷ÚÕ>™Ï. g™V_, √V_ ∂kÏÔ^ \‚|D ÷_ÁÈ. ∂Õ> kÚ›>D
∂Á™kˆ[ ÔıÔπKD, xÔ›]KD ÔV©√‚¶m.
A]B º√´VBÏÔπ[ ∂∏º≠ÔD, ]ÚsÚÕm, gl´\Vl´D
√V¶ÔÏÔ^ ®™ sı]ÚD ∂·suz m] º>V›]´D ∞ÿ≈|¬Ô©√‚|
ÿ>[MÕ]B ]ÚflƒÁ√ cÚkV™m.
÷Õ> ƒˆ›]´ ƒD√kD ÂÁ¶ÿ√≈ kVfiE›>, cÁw›> √V_ ´∫Ô
´V\V–¤D ∂∫ºÔ ÷_ÁÈ. g™V_ ∂kÏ ˛§¸m°¬ÔVÔ >[–Á¶B
EKÁk ∑\Õm W›>x\ √´ºÈV˛_ ªaBD ÿƒF√k´VÔ ÔV©√|kVÏ.

51
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