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ME8391 Engineering Thermodynamics Unit IV
ME8391 Engineering Thermodynamics Unit IV
ME8391 Engineering Thermodynamics Unit IV
constant and absolute temperature of the gas as that state. , for real gas (pV/RT)
is not equal to 1
Charles' Law, or the law of volumes, states that if any gas is heated at constant pressure,
its volume changes directly as its absolute temperature.
Bulk Modulus
The bulk modulus (K) of a substance is defined as the ratio between the increase in
pressure and the corresponding decrease in volume as a fraction of its original volume
under isothermal condition.
( ) ( ) ( )
Isothermal compressibility
The isothermal compressibility (KT) of a substance is defined as ratio between the
reduction in volume as a fraction of its original volume and the corresponding increase
in pressure under isothermal condition.
( ) ( )
Isentropic compressibility
The isentropic compressibility (Ks) of a substance is defined as ratio between the
reduction in volume as a fraction of its original volume and the corresponding increase
in pressure under isentropic condition.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
How does the Vander Waal’s equation differ from the ideal gas equation of state?
The ideal gas equation pV=mRT has two important assumptions,
There is little or no attraction between the molecules of the gas.
The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is negligibly small compared to
the volume of the gas.
This equation holds good for low pressure and high temperature ranges as the
intermolecular attraction and the volume of the molecules are not of much
significance. As the pressure increases, inter molecular forces of attraction and
repulsion increases and the volume of the molecules are not negligible. The real gas
deviates considerably from the ideal gas equation [p+ (a/V2)] (V-b) = RT]
PART – B
1. One kg of an ideal gas is heated from 18°C to 93°C. Taking R = 269 Nm/kg K and =
1.2 for the gas, Find the change in internal energy.
U = m CvT,
Cv = R/(-1) = 0.269/0.4 = 0.6725 kJ/kg K.
U = 1× 0.6725×(93-18) = 50.4375 kJ
2. Using Clausius – Clapeyron’s equation, estimate the enthalpy of vaporization at
200°C, vg=0.1274 m3/kg, vf = 0.001157 m3/kg, dp/dt=32 kPa/K
For vaporization process
( )
4. The latent heat of vaporization at 1 bar pressure is 2258 kJ/kg and the saturation
temperature is 99.4ºC. Calculate the saturation temperature at 2 bar pressure using
Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Verify the same from the steam table data.
Given:
( ) , , ,
Solution:
5. Maxwell relations