1.

2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

1.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

In this topic, we will learn the technique of integration for evaluating integrals involving product
of powers for sine and cosine, secant and tangent. It can be form

 sin m
x cosn x dx and
 sec m
x tan n x dx

where m and n are positive integers.

1.2.1: Integrating Product of Powers involving Sine and Cosine

If m and n are positive integers then

 sin m
x cosn x dx ,

can be evaluated according to the following procedures:

Procedure Relevant identity

n odd  Split of a factor of cos x cos 2 x  1  sin 2 x
 Apply the relevant identity
 Use substitution: u  sin x
m odd  Split of a factor of sin x sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x
 Apply relevant identity
 Use substitution: u  cos x
m and n are even  Use the half angle identities:
cos 2 x 
1
1  cos 2 x 
2
sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x 
1
2


5 2
EXAMPLE 3: Evaluate sin x cos x dx .

Solution

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 1.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS


EXAMPLE 4: Evaluate sin 6 x cos 3 x dx .

Solution


2


EXAMPLE 5: Evaluate sin 2 x cos 2 x dx .
0

Solution

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 1.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

1.2.2: Integrating Product of Powers involving Tangents and Secants

If m and n are positive integers then

 tan
m
x secn x dx

can be evaluated according to the following procedures:

Procedure Relevant identity

n even  Split of a factor of sec2 x sec2 x  tan2 x  1
 Apply the relevant identity
 Use substitution: u  tan x
m odd  Split of a factor of sec x tan x tan2 x  sec2 x  1
 Apply relevant identity
 Use substitution: u  sec x
m even  Use relevant identity to reduce the tan2 x  sec2 x  1
n odd powers on sec x alone.
 Then use the reduction formula for
powers of sec x .


6 4
EXAMPLE 6: Evaluate tan x sec x dx .

Solution

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 1.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS


EXAMPLE 7: Solve tan 5  sec 7  dx .

Solution


2
EXAMPLE 8: Solve tan x sec x dx .

Solution

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 1.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

1.2.3: Evaluating the integrals that involving different angles.

To evaluate the integrals such

a)  sin mx cos nx dx
b)  sin mxsin nx dx
c)  cos mx cos nx dx ,
the corresponding identity can be used .

i) sin A cos B 
1
sin A  B   sin A  B 
2
sin A sin B  cos A  B   cos A  B 
1
ii)
2
cos A cos B  cos A  B   cos A  B 
1
iii)
2


EXAMPLE 9: Evaluate sin 4 x cos 5 x dx .

Solution


EXAMPLE 10: Evaluate sin 2 sin 6 dx .

Solution

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 1.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS


2


EXAMPLE 11: Evaluate cos 5t cos 10t dx .
0

Solution

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