KINDS OF VIEWING SCREEN USED FOR MONITORS

1,2 CRT, Flat-Panel Display

DISADVANTAGES OF CRT

3-4 Large in size, High power consumption

EXAMPLE OF DEVICES USING FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY

5-10 calculator, monitor, laptop, video games, computer, graphic display, tv, smart phone, watch

FLAT PANEL DISPLAY CATEGORIES

11-12 emissive, non-emissive

TYPES OF PRINTERS

13-14 impact, non-impact

CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPACT PRINTERS

15-18 very low cost, slow, very noisy, physical contact with paper

TYPES OF IMPACT PRINTERS

19-20 line, character

TYPES OF CHARACTER PRINTERS

21-22 Daisy wheel, DMP

TYPES OF LINE PRINTERS

23-24 drum, chain

TYPES OF NON-IMPACT PRINTERS

25-26 laser, ink jet

CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-IMPACT PRINTERS

27-30 fast, high quality, quiet, no physical contact, expensive, supports many fonts

TYPES OF MEMORY

31-33 cache, primary/main, secondary

CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIN MEMORY

34-40 semiconductor memories, known as main memory, volatile, data is lost in case power is off,
working memory, faster than secondary memory, computer cannot run without it

CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY MEMORY

41-47 magnetic and optical, known as backup, non-volatile, data is permanent, used for storage,
computer may run without secondary, slower than primary

TYPES OF RAM

48-49 static, dynamic

CHARACTERISTICS OF STATIC RAM

50-56 long life, no need to refresh, large size, fast, used as cache memory, high power consumption,
expensive

CHARACTERISTICS OF DYNAMIC RAM

57-63 short data lifetime, need to refresh, slow compared to SRAM, use as RAM, smaller in size, less
expensive, less power consumption

POPULAR MANUFACTURERS OF MOTHERBOARD

64-67 intel, Asus, AOpen, ABIT, biostar, Gigabyte, MSI

MEMORY STORAGE UNITS

68-71 bit, nibble, byte, word

TYPES OF PORTS

72-82 serial, parallel, ps/2, USB, VGA, power connector, FireWire, modern, Ethernet, game, dvi, socket,
hdmi

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

83-84 application software, system software

83-91 mutually dependent, software cannot be utilize without hardware, hardware without software is
useless, relevant software should be loaded to hardware, hardware is one-time expense, software is a
continuing expense, different software can be loaded on hardware, software acts as interface, hardware
is the heart software is soul

123 Central Processing

124 Visual Display Unit

125 Cathode Ray Tube

126 Light Emitting Diode

127 Liquid Crystal Display

128 Dot Matrix Printer

129 Digital Video Disc

130 Random Access Memory

131 Read Only Memory

132 Digital Video Disc Rewritable

133 Compact Disc Read Only Memory

134 Compact Disc Rewritable

135 Hard Disk Drive

136 Uninterruptible Power Supply

137 Automatic Voltage Regulator

138 Static Random Access Memory

139 Dynamic Random Access Memory

140 Masked Read Only

141 Programmable Read Only Memory

142 Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory

143 Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory

144 binary digit

145 Kilobyte

146 Megabyte

147 Gigabyte

148 Terabyte

149 Petabyte

150 Universal Serial Bus

151 Video Graphics Array

152 Modulator-Demodulator

153 Digital Video Interface

154 Wireless Fidelity

155 Local Area Network

92-106

software: close to the system, fast, difficult to design, difficult to understand, less interactive, smaller in
size, difficult to manipulate, written in low-level

application:

close to the user, easy to design, more interactive, slow in speed, easy to understand, easy to
manipulate, bigger in size and requires large storage, written in high-level language

107-110 primary volatile/secondary non volatile, primary limit capacity/permanent, fast/slow

111-115

RAM- erase, expensive

ROM-permanent, fix, less expensive

THE VALUE OF EACH DIGIT IN A NUMBER CAN BE DETERMINED USING –

The digit | The position of the digit in the number | The base of the number system

NUMBER SYSTEMS WHICH ARE FREQUENTLY USED IN COMPUTERS

Binary Number System | Octal Number System | Hexadecimal Number System

CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

Uses two digits, 0 and 1 | Also called as base 2 number system | Each position in a binary number
represents a 0 power of the base (2). | Last position in a binary number represents a x power of the base
(2)

CHARACTERISTICS OF OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Uses eight digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Also called as base 8 number system | Each position in an octal
number represents a 0 power of the base (8). | Last position in an octal number represents a x power of
the base (8).

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Uses 10 digits and 6 letters, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F | Letters represent the numbers

starting from 10. A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15 | Also called as base 16 number system |
Each position in a hexadecimal number represents a 0 power of the base (16). | Last position in a
hexadecimal number represents a x power of the base (16).

COMPUTER – NUMBER CONVERSION

 Decimal to Other Base System

 Other Base System to Decimal
 Other Base System to Non-decimal
 Shortcut method – Binary to Octal
 Shortcut method – Octal to Binary
 Shortcut method – Binary to Hexadecimal
 Shortcut method – Hexadecimal to Binary

DECIMAL TO OTHER BASE SYSTEM

Step 1 - Divide the decimal number to be converted by the value of the new base.

Step 2 – Get the remainder from Step 1 as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of the new base
number.

Step 3 – Divide the quotient of the previous divide by the new base.

Step 4 – Record the remainder from Step 3 as the next digit (to the left) of the new base number.

Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in Step 3.

OTHER BASE SYSTEM TO DECIMAL SYSTEM

Step 1- Determine the column (positional) value in each digit

Step 2 – Multiply the obtained column values (from Step 1) by the digits of the corresponding columns.

Step 3 - Sum the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value in decimal.