Fibonacci, also called 

Leonardo Pisano, English Leonardo of Pisa, original

name Leonardo Fibonacci, (born c. 1170, Pisa?—died after
1240), medieval Italian mathematician who wrote Liber abaci (1202; “Book of the
Abacus”), the first European work on Indian and Arabian mathematics, which
introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe. His name is mainly known because
of the Fibonacci sequence.

For several years Fibonacci corresponded with Frederick II and his scholars,
exchanging problems with them. He dedicated his Liber quadratorum (1225;
“Book of Square Numbers”) to Frederick. Devoted entirely to Diophantine
equations of the second degree (i.e., containing squares), the Liber quadratorum is considered
Fibonacci’s masterpiece. It is a systematically arranged collection of theorems, many invented by the
author, who used his own proofs to work out general solutions. Probably his most creative work was
in congruent numbers—numbers that give the same remainder when divided by a given number. He
worked out an original solution for finding a number that, when added to or subtracted from a square
number, leaves a square number. His statement that x2 + y2 and x2 − y2 could not both be squares was of
great importance to the determination of the area of rational right triangles. Although the Liber
abaci was more influential and broader in scope, the Liber quadratorum alone ranks Fibonacci as the
major contributor to number theory between Diophantus and the 17th-century French
mathematician Pierre de Fermat.

Except for his role in spreading the use of the Hindu-Arabic numerals, Fibonacci’s contribution to
mathematics has been largely overlooked. His name is known to modern mathematicians mainly
because of the Fibonacci sequence (see below) derived from a problem in the Liber abaci:

Fibonacci sequence, the sequence of numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, …, each of which, after the
second, is the sum of the two previous numbers; that is, the nth Fibonacci number Fn = Fn −
1  + Fn − 2. The sequence was noted by the medieval Italian mathematician Fibonacci (Leonardo
Pisano) in his Liber abaci (1202; “Book of the Abacus”), which also popularized Hindu-
Arabic numerals and the decimal number system in Europe. Fibonacci introduced the sequence
in the context of the problem of how many pairs of rabbits there would be in an enclosed area
if every month a pair produced a new pair and rabbit pairs could produce another pair
beginning in their second month. The numbers of the sequence occur throughout nature, such
as in the spirals of sunflower heads and snail shells. The ratios between successive terms of the
sequence tend to the golden ratio φ = (1 + Square root of√5)/2 or 1.6180…. For information on
 the interesting properties and uses of the Fibonacci numbers, see number games: Fibonacci
numbers.

The Fibonacci sequence was the outcome of a mathematical problem about rabbit breeding that
was posed in the Liber Abaci.

The Fibonacci sequence was the outcome of a mathematical problem about rabbit breeding that
was posed in the Liber Abaci. The problem was this: Beginning with a single pair of rabbits (one
male and one female), how many pairs of rabbits will be born in a year, assuming that every
month each male and female rabbit gives birth to a new pair of rabbits, and the new pair of
rabbits itself starts giving birth to additional pairs of rabbits after the first month of their birth?

Reference:

 Frances Carney Gies Leonardo Fibonacci, Leonardo Pisano, Leonardo of Pisa

Fibonacci | Biography, Sequence, & Facts | Britannica https://www.britannica.com › September

19,2022

 Fibonacci Sequence - History - Month, Rabbits, Pairs, and System - JRank

Articles https://science.jrank.org/pages/2705/Fibonacci-Sequence-History.html#ixzz7fIzsFlrw