ANTONIO PIGAFETTA: FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD BY MAGELLAN

FERDINAND MAGELLAN (February 3, 1480- April 25,1521)

- Fernao de Magalhaes
-Portuguese Explorer who organized the Spanish expeditions to the East Indies
from 1519-1522 to search for western route to the Maluku Islands (the Spice Island)

JUAN SEBASTIAN ELCANO

- one of the crewmembers that completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA (1491-1531)

- Italian scholar and explorer from the republic of Venice
- logged into account/ journal every detail that happened in the First voyage with Magellan

ANALYSIS OF PIGAFETTA’S CHRONICLE

- One of the most cited documents by historians who wished to study the pre-colonial
Philippines.
- One of the earliest written accounts.
- Pigafetta’s writings account for the “purest” pre-colonial society.
- Pigafetta was able to give details on:
1.) geography and climate of the places that their voyage has reached.
2.) Characteristic and how people dress
3.) Spices (ginger) and metal (gold)
4.) Structure of houses (palm and Bamboo)
-Europe:
- Dominated by the Holy Roman Empire.
- Other belief systems different from that of Christianity were perceived to be
blasphemous and barbaric, even demonic.
- Sixteen century European economy was mercantilist (system measures the wealth of
kingdom based on their precious metals like gold and silver.)
The First Voyage Around the World by Magellan
- Published after Pigafetta returned to Italy.
- In Pigafetta’s account, their fleet reached what he called the Ladrones Islands or the “Islands
of the Thieves”. Presently known as Marianas Islands.
-Pigafetta reported that they reach the isle of Zamal (Samar), but Magellan decided to land in
another uninhabited island for greater security.
-After two days, March 18, nine men came to them and show joy and eagerness in seeing
them and welcomed them with food, drinks, and gifts.
- The natives gave them:
1. Fish (dorades) 4. figs
2. Palm wine (uraca) 5. 2 cochos
3. Rice (umai) 6. cocos

- They went to Humunu Island (Homonhon) (Watering Place of Good Signs) where they found
the first signs of gold in the island.
- They named the island with the nearby islands as the Archipelago of St. Lazarus
- March 25, they saw two ballangai (balangay):
- A long boat full of people in Mazzava/ Mazaua.
- The king offered to give Magellan a bar of gold and chest of ginger, Magellan declined.
Instead Magellan asked for money for the needs of his ships. The king responded by
giving them the needed provisions and food in chinaware.
- Magellan exchanged gifts of robes in Turkish fashions, red cap, knives and mirrors.

RAIA COLAMBU
- King of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and Caragua)
- most handsome of all men that he saw in this place.
-Easter Sunday (March 31, 1521)
- Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore.
- The king sent two dead pigs and attended the mass with the other king.
- After the Mass, Magellan ordered that the cross be brought with nails and crowned in
place.
-Port of Cebu
- April 7: The king of Cebu (Rajah Humabon) demanded that they pay tribute as it was
customary but Magellan refused, as he is a Captain himself.
- The next day Rajah Humabon demanded a blood pact with Magellan
- April 14: Magellan spoke and encouraged the king to be a good Christian by burning all
the idols and worship the cross instead.
- The king of Cebu was baptized as Christians.
Rajah Humabon was renamed "Carlos"
Queen Humamay was renamed "Juana"
- After eight days, all of the islands inhabitant were already baptized.
- When the queen (Hara Amihan) came to the Mass one day, Magellan gave her an
Image of the Infant Jesus made by Pigafetta himself.
-April 26: Zula, went to see Magellan and ask him a boat full of men so that he could
fight the chief name Silalapulapu (Lapulapu), because he refused to obey the king.
- Magellan offered three boats and went to Mactan himself to fight Lapulapu. (49
warriors vs. 1500 islanders)
- Magellan died, he was pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right leg.
- From the original five ships set to sail only Victoria returned to Spain.
(original 237 men only 18 men survived.)
 JUAN DE PLASENCIA: CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG
FRAY JUAN DE PLASENCIA
- real name: Juan de Portocarrero
- first batch of missionaries to the Philippines in 1578
- assigned to do mission works in the Southern Tagalog area.
- helped in the foundation and organizations of numerous towns in
Quezon, Laguna, Rizal and Bulacan
- believed that catechism or explaining the basic tenets of the
Catholic faith is another very important function of a missionary.
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> Government had difficulty in running local politics because of the limited number of
Spaniards who wanted to live outside of Intramuros.
> Spanish were forced to allow Filipinos to hold the position of
gobernadorcillo, a municipal judge
> With that to ensure that Filipino gobernadorcillo is truthful and loyal to the crown the
parishes supervise and monitor them.
> Friars also became the most knowledgeable and influential figure in the pueblos, Spanish
word for "town" or "village".
> Activities that the Friars were doing:
1. Supervising the election of the local executives
2. Collecting of taxes
3. Educating the youth and other civic duties
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EXCERTS FROM CUSTOM OF TAGALOG
>DATUS – the chief who governed them were captains in their wars. (knights)
– rules over a few people: less than 30 to hundreds houses
– “barangay”, tribal gathering
- If a MAHARLICA marries an ALIPIN their children will be divided.
(Maharlica - 1st, 3rd, 5th born) (ALIPIN – 2nd,4th,6th born)

>THREE CASTES:
1. NOBLES / MAHARLICA
- Freeborn; do not pay tax nor tribute to the dato.
2. COMMONERS / ALIPING NAMAMAHAY
- Married; serves master and dato; cannot be turn into slaves; owns house
3. SLAVES / ALIPING SA GUIGUILAR - Not married; serves their master and may be sold
WORSHIP OF THE TAGALOGS
>PANDOT OR “WORSHIP” – A festive celebration (4 days)
– Nagaanitos, another way the feast was called
>PLACE OF WORSHIP
1. Sibi – is a temporary shed on each side of the house
2. Sorihile – small lamps on the posts of the house

>GODS
1. BATHALA – “all powerful” and “maker of all things”
2. SUN – beauty, respected and honored as the heavens
3. THE MOON – great rejoicings to adore and welcome it
4. STARS – morning star which they called “Tala”
>THEIR OTHER IDOLS:
Lic-ha – were images with different shapes
Little Trifles – they adored these like the Romans
Dian Masalanta – the patron of lovers and of generation
Lacapati and Indianale –the patrons of cultivated lands and of husbandry
Buaya –fear of getting harmed

1. DISTINCTION OF PRIEST AND THE DEVIL CATALONAN

2. MANGAGAUAY 6. SILAGAN 10. SONAT
3. MANYISALA 7. MAGTATANGAL 11. PANGATAHOJAN
4. MANCOCOLAM 8. OSUANG 12. BAYOGUIN
5. HOCLOBAN 9. MANGAGAYOMA

Heaven – Maca; paradise; bathala (the maker of all things)

Hell – Casanaan; place of anguish; sitan (dwelt of demon)
Ghost – vibit and phantoms
 THE SITE OF THE FIRST MASS
POSSIBLE PLACES OF FIRST MASS:
 Limasawa
 Butuan
 Bolinao, pangasinan
 Homohon island
-the first catholic mass was held on March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday) in Mazua/Limasawa at the
tip of southern Leyte.
- Fr. Pedro de Valderrama

PROCLAMATION OF THE NATIONAL SHRINE

- On June 19,1960 (Rep. Act No. 2733) Limasawa Law
-NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE (NHI)

EVIDENCE FOR LIMAWASA

- Albo’s log-book
- Evidence of Pigafetta (map; 2 kings; testimony; 7 days in Mazaua)
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CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872:

DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA (Filipino Version)
 The arrival of CAPTAIN-GENERAL RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO (1871-1873)
 22 artillerymen; continuation of the colonial- modus vivendi
 GOMBURZA; Remote intention;
 Many Filipino were denounced, persecuted, and punished without distinction;
 Those who dared to oppose themselves to the friars were condemned to death.
 Tavera: Don’t want to pay taxes; corruption

GOVERNOR GENERAL IZQUIERDO

 Abolition of privileges enjoyed by the Filipinos such as:
- Nonpayment of tributes
- Exemption from force labor
 Rebels (Filipinos) wanted to overthrow the Spanish government, to install new “hari” in
the likes of Padre Borgus and Zamora