Learning Activity 12.

Research Work (50 pts)

1. Search for the meaning and characteristics of the abovementioned learners with special needs.
2.Watch YouTube videos about each of the learners’ with special needs.
3. Do what are asked for in the matrix below based on your search from the internet.
4. Submission: October 21-23, 2021

Learners with Meaning and Characteristics Sources on Websites

Special Needs ( 3 to 5 characteristics in sentences only not
paragraphs)
A. Neurological
Disorder
1. Attention Deficit - Attention Deficit Disorder is an https://www.youtube.com
Disorder (ADD) out-of-date phrase that was used /watch?v=vQRh_VMA7Vc
before 1987.
- It became ADHD or Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to
include a broader range of
symptoms that persons with
ADHD frequently encounter.
- Some symptoms include; trouble
paying attention, disorganized,
seems forgetful and many more.

- The Attention Deficit

Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD
2. Attention- is a mental disorder that affects the https://www.youtube.com
Deficit/Hyperactivit individual’s ability to focus. /watch?v=uW6e50NYlWE
y - May need to move around
Disorder frequently.
(ADHD) - Having trouble controlling
impulsive behaviors.
- Affects roughly 8% of children
and 2% of adults.
- Signs and symptoms include;
disorganization, trouble planning
ahead, impatience, difficulty with
following directions and inability
to sit still in one place for an
extended time.
B. Social and
Mental
Developmental
Disorder
1. Autism - Autism is a permanent https://www.youtube.com
developmental condition that often /watch?v=RrHJBPF5uDw
manifests in early infancy and has
a negative influence on a person's
social skills, communication,
relationships, and self-control.
 - An individual with Autism lacks
social communication.
- They also have difficulty in their
interaction ability or social skills.
- Signs also include restrictive
repetitive behavior.

C. Learners with
Intellectual
Disability
1. Cerebral Palsy - Cerebral is pertaining to the brain https://www.youtube.com
and Palsy as in paralysis. /watch?v=7fUGWKM32hE
- Cerebral Palsy is an umbrella term
that refers to a collection of
illnesses that impede a person's
ability to move as a result of brain
injury during development.
- Signs are:
Docility and Irritability
Abnormal Reflexes
Abnormal Muscle Tone
Poor Feeding
Asymmetric Movement
Pattern.

2. Trisomy 21 - Trisomy 21 is also referred to as https://www.youtube.com

Down Syndrome. /watch?v=neXnaj4bInI
- A person with Down syndrome is
born with an extra chromosome.
- Some common physical features
of Down syndrome include:
 A flattened face, especially the bridge
of the nose
 Almond-shaped eyes that slant up
 A short neck
 Small ears
 A tongue that tends to stick out of the
mouth
 Tiny white spots on the iris (colored
part) of the eye
 Small hands and feet

D. Learners with
Learning Disability
1. Dyslexia - Dyslexia is a learning condition in https://www.youtube.com
which people have trouble reading /watch?v=65psPXWzNic
because they have trouble
distinguishing speech sounds and
understanding how they connect
 to letters and words (decoding).
- People with dyslexia find it
challenging to perform specific
task at a reasonable speed.
- A dyslexic person may show
certain symptoms such as:
 Difficulty in remembering the
right names for things
 Problems with directions
 May need a longer time to
process a word
 And for some, it could be
challenging to hold a pen.

3. Dysgraphia - Dysgraphia is an unexpected

difficulty in writing in students https://www.youtube.com
who are otherwise intelligent and /watch?v=WMfl5kqSWmk
talented.
- Dysgraphia can occur by itself,
but it can also be seen with fine-
motor and sensory difficulties,
Dyslexia and ADD/ADHD.
- The most common way to help
them are reducing the quantity of
written work, allow extra time,
allow students to type/dictate/use
other types of technology.

4. Dyscalculia - Problems with learning

fundamentals including basic https://www.youtube.com
numerical skills. /watch?v=HVf_OHK2hHQ

- Persons with dyscalculia have

difficulties in:

 Recognizing numbers +
symbols
 Fluidity + flexibility with
numbers
 Visualizing
 Counting
 Estimating
 Measurement
 Working with numbers
 Patterns
 Spatial relations

E. Learners with
Physical Disabilities
1. Visual - Visual impairment is also known https://www.youtube.com
Impairment as vision impairment or vision /watch?v=iCgR3Ssu6aY
 loss.
- It is a decreased ability to see to a
degree that causes problems not
fixable by usual means such as
glasses.
- The most common causes of
visual impairment globally are
cataracts, glaucoma, nearsighted,
farsighted, presbyopia and
astigmatism.

2. Speech - A condition in which the ability to https://www.youtube.com

Impairment produce speech sounds that are /watch?v=9e0SCEd_rcU
necessary to communicate with
others is impaired.
- Speech impairment can be mild
such as occasionally
mispronouncing a couple of
words.
- Speech impairment can be severe
such as not being able to produce
speech sounds at all.

3. Hearing - An impairment in hearing whether https://www.youtube.com

Impairment permanent or fluctuating, that /watch?v=A8qy3hR31Uo
adversely affects a child’s
educational performance but is not
included under the definition of
‘deafness’.
- Causes are exposure to loud noise,
4. Multiple physical illness, heredity and aging.
Impairment - Diseases that may cause hearing
impairment are chicken pox,
cytomegalovirus, mumps,
meningitis, sickle cell disease,
aids and syphilis.
F. Learners who
are Gifted and
Talented
1. Visual Arts - Two sets of characteristics are https://www.youtube.com
associated with visually talented /watch?v=06YzozqN4QU
children: behavioral traits and
characteristics of their artwork. It
is not likely that a child will have
all of the characteristics listed
below, but a child who possesses
special talent in art will probably
 exhibit many or even most of
them.

2. Intellectual - Includes cognitive complexities https://www.youtube.com

Giftedness and strength of emotional /watch?v=06YzozqN4QU
responses and judgments.
- Characteristics:
 Retain unusual amounts of
information
 Demonstrate a high level
of curiosity
 Flexible thought process
 Produce original ideas
 Inventive and many more.

- The individual’s general attitude

3. Music towards music or how or she/he
communicate to music. https://www.youtube.com
- Signs that a child is musically /watch?v=AgfgaFAke5U
gifted:
 Catching the child
humming or singing to
music they just heard
 The child appears to notice
when an instrument is out
of tune or a song is played
in the wrong key
 The child spends extensive
periods of time fiddling
around in a musical
instrument.

- has good sense of rhythm

4. Performing Arts - is well-coordinated https://www.youtube.com
- shows tonal memory /watch?v=x83Hi-yF67Y
- enjoys dance and dramatic
activities with musical element

G. Learners with
Socio-Emotional
Disorder
1. Emotional - Inability to learn not due to https://www.youtube.com
Behavioral intellectual, sensory, or health /watch?v=Ha23BbieZO8
Disorder factors.
- An inability to maintain
satisfactory relationships
- Inappropriate behavior or feelings
2. Anxiety Attack - Uncontrolled fear, nervousness https://www.youtube.com
and/or worry about trivial or non- /watch?v=Ha23BbieZO8
existent things.
- Fear of unlikely future events
- Have insight

3. Depression - A mental health disorder

characterized by persistently low https://www.youtube.com
mood. /watch?v=yOx0Q273AsQ
- The average of depressive episode
is seen to be six to eight months.

4. Obsessive - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is

Compulsive a serious condition that causes
Disorder great distress. https://www.youtube.com
- People become overwhelmed by /watch?v=KSvk8LLBo2g
their thoughts and anxiety, and
obsessed to the rituals that take
away that anxiety.

5. Bipolar Disorder - Used to be called manic

depression

- Is a serious mental illness that https://www.youtube.com

causes a person to have dramatic /watch?v=KSvk8LLBo2g
shifts in emotions, mood, and
energy levels.
H. Learners with
Chronic Illnesses
1. Asthma - People with asthma can have https://www.youtube.com
asthma exacerbation or asthma /watch?v=ovv8intb9kY
attacks, which are usually
triggered by something in the
environment which causes
immune cells to generate
inflammation in the lungs which
can make them even narrower and
potentially life-threatening.
- Causes:
 Genetic factors
 Environmental factors

2. Epilepsy - People with epilepsy have https://www.youtube.com

recurring and unpredictable /watch?v=PG12JfJJW9U
seizures.
- A seizure is a sudden burst of
electrical activity which can cause
 a person to experience new
sensation or movements.

3. Diabetes - Cause people to have too much https://www.youtube.com

glucose in their blood. /watch?v=wZAjVQWbMlE
- Type 1 – can’t make Insulin at all
- Type 2 – the Insulin either can’t
work effectively or can’t produce
enough of it.

4. Allergy - An allergy is a reaction by your

immune system to something that
doesn’t bother most other people. https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=7Ni7Tuc6eCs
- People who have allergies often
are sensitive to more than one
thing.
I. Learners in
Difficult
Circumstances
1. Living in - Remote areas are those which are https://www.youtube.com
Remote very far from the urban areas and /watch?v=ATEcwkfnCpA
Places are isolated community from
highly populated settlements or
lacks of transportations.

2. Victims of War - A person has been attacked,

injured, robbed or killed by
someone else or a person who is
cheated or fooled by someone else
and something that is harmed by
an unpleasant event.

3. Products of - A family in which the parents are

Broken Family separated or divorced is disruptive
to your child’s life no matter how
carefully you protect him.
- Over time, your little one will
come to accept his new “normal”,
but recognized that it will take
time for this acceptance to happen
and that behavioral bumps will
occur along the way.

4. Street Children/ - Children who have no home but

Children from the streets, and no family support.
Impoverished - They move from place to place,
Family living in shelters and abandoned
 buildings.
- These children live on sidewalks
or city squares with the rest of
their families. They may be
displaced due to poverty, wars or
natural disasters.

- Any action that intentionally

5. Victims of Abuse harms injures another person.
- There are many kinds of abuse
such as physical, psychological,
rape, sexual assault, verbal abuse
and many more.
J. Learners from - Indigenous people understand that https://www.youtube.com
Indigenous groups doing is how they exhibit their /watch?v=0RgSdgj4o0E
in the Philippines personal strength, learning, and
thinking.
- As a result, learning by doing is a
necessary step.
- It recognizes that culture and its
reality are invested anew with
each generation. Indigenous
teaching mirrors thinking back to
the learner.

Learning Activity 13. Program Interventions Afforded to Learners with Special Needs (50pts)

1. Search from the internet program interventions (activities, educational opportunities, and support)
provided to children and youth with special needs.
2. Fill out the needed information asked for. Follow the matrix below.
3. . Submission: October 21-23, 2021

Learners with Special Program Interventions to Meet Their Special Needs Sources on
Needs Websites
Home School Governme Non-
nt Govt
Org.
A. Neurological Disorder Exercise- A Guide to Mental The https://www.cere
based the Health America bralpalsy.org/res
games - Individualized Program n ources/communi
EBGs Education Academy ty-support/non-
include Program of government-
virtual (IEP) Cerebral organizations
reality (VR) Palsy
and and https://doh.gov.p
interactive Develop h/national-
video mental mental-health-
 gaming Medicine program
(IVG)
https://www.ph.
undp.org/content
/philippines/en/h
ome/library/prev
ention-and-
management-of-
mental-health-
conditions-in-
the-phi.html

B. Social and Mental Family Together at The Schizoph https://www.nap.

Developmental systems school - a Massachus renia edu/read/21868/
Disorder programs - school-based etts Child Research chapter/7#233
Family intervention Psychiatry Foundati
systems program to Access on https://bmcpubli
programs promote Project (SCARF) chealth.biomedc
follow a socio- (MCPAP) - fulfill entral.com/articl
systems emotional promoted the need es/10.1186/1471
approach in skills and the creation for a -2458-14-1042
that they mental health of a broader,
most in children statewide holistic https://www.ncb
commonly service approach i.nlm.nih.gov/p
focus on favoring to the mc/articles/PMC
children collaborati managem 3146177/
internal ons ent of
variables, between severe https://ijmhs.bio
such as primary mental medcentral.com/
stress, care disorders. articles/10.1186/
depression. practices s13033-020-
and 00356-9
specialized
child and
adolescent
psychiatry
services.
C. Learners with Intellectual Individualiz Individuals Children's Kiwanis https://www.par
Disability ed Family with Act and Down entcenterhub.org
Services Disabilities Persons Syndrom /intellectual/
Plan, or Education with e
IFSP Act, or IDEA Disabilitie Foundati https://dsq-
s Act on, sds.org/article/vi
KDSF ew/3846/3793

https://files.eric.
ed.gov/fulltext/E
J1091691.pdf

D. Learners with Learning Home- Free Assessing Christoff https://www.you

Disability Based Appropriate accommod el tube.com/watch?
 Support - Public ations, Blinden- v=dzzlJQXmJIw
Develop Education Designing mission &t=1s
homework (FAPE) for for Internati
routines. Students With Accessibili onal, an https://www.heal
Disabilities. ty with NGO in thychildren.org/
Perceivabl conductin English/health-
e, g issues/condition
Operable, Training s/learning-
Understan Worksho disabilities/Page
dable and ps since s/Interventions-
Robust 1998 for for-Learning-
(POUR) SPED Disorders.aspx
and
regular http://www.nise.
teachers go.jp/kenshuka/j
osa/kankobutsu/
pub_d/d-175/d-
175_1_10.pdf

E. Learners with Physical Use Creating a Physical CCS https://www2.un

Disabilities mnemonics physically Disability Disabilit b.ca/alc/modules
such as accessible Service y Action /physical-
SLANT (Sit environment disabilities/impli
up, lean that is not cations-for-
forward, mobility- learning.html
ask limited.
questions, https://www.sess
nod your .ie/categories/ph
head) ysical-
disabilities/cereb
ral-palsy/tips-
learning-and-
teaching

https://www.ccs
disabilityaction.
org.nz/

F. Learners who are Gifted Positive Gifted and STEAM Advocac https://files.eric.
and Talented home- Talented Education y for the ed.gov/fulltext/E
learning Education for the Gifted J1181060.pdf
environment (GATE) Filipino and
filled with Gifted Talented https://www.edu
love and Students cationcorner.co
support Educatio m/k12-gifted-
n education.html

https://www.jsta
ge.jst.go.jp/articl
e/jssep/42/0/42_
71/_pdf/-char/ja
 https://www.teac
h-
nology.com/teac
hers/gifted_yout
h/organizations/

G. Learners with Socio- Addressing Free and The Teach for https://www.virt
Emotional Disorder the Social- Appropriate Program Hong uallabschool.org
Emotional Public for Kong /fcc/social-
Needs of All Education Students emotional/lesson
Children (FAPE) in the with -6
Least Disabilitie
Restrictive s (PSD) https://www.edu
Environment cation.vic.gov.au
(LRE) /parents/addition
al-
needs/Pages/disa
bility-students-
program.aspx

H. Learners with Chronic Frequent Individuals National Save the https://www.cdc.

Illnesses tutoring, with Center for Children gov/chronicdise
which was Disabilities Chronic ase/resources/pu
most Education Act Disease blications/factsh
achievable (IDEA). Prevention eets/children-
using online and Health health.htm
platforms Promotion
https://www.sav
ethechildren.org.
ph/

J. Learners from Indigenous Indigenized Indigenized Indigenous The https://www.chil

groups in the Philippines formal Alternative Peoples Angiskul dhoodexplorer.o
education Learning Curriculum ma rg/relevant-
Systems Education Bangka learning-for-
curriculum Framework (AmB) or indigenous-
“Classes filipinos
in Bancas

Learning Activity 14. Reflection (15pts)

1. As future teachers, how important for you to know the typology of learners with special needs.
2. Write at least five (5) reasons for knowing about the learners with special needs.
3. Submission: October 21-23, 2021

Every child is unique. Children have their own strengths and weaknesses. Their development progresses
according to certain sequences, but the pace may vary. It is natural that some children may excel in certain
areas but have deficiencies in other areas. However, if children display marked problems or difficulties in one
(or more) developmental area(s), and their performance shows significant discrepancies compared with other
children of the same age, it is advisable to refer the children for professional assessment. Children progress
rapidly in their early years and lots of changes are expected in a year or even a month’s time. Because of this,
 even experts may find it difficult to make a firm diagnosis based on a young child’s conditions. On the other
hand, it is precisely the plasticity of children’s development that makes early identification and intervention
important. With early identification of children’s developmental and learning problems and prompt referral
for assessment, it helps us understand and support the children’s conditions and needs in development and
learning.
As a future teachers, it is very important for me/for us to know the typology of learners with special
needs because in this situation if you know them properly, you can handle them and understand them well
in terms of their performance in school and also through their attitudes on how they act and interact with
others. Learners with special needs has a special education that ensures students with learning disabilities
received specialized instruction designed to meet their unique learning needs. In this way, you can also help
them to get an opportunity to reach their full academic potential. For knowing about the learners with
special needs there is always a reasons behind it which is shown in the following: First, through their
behaviors. An important first step in identifying children with learning disabilities is to recognize the
behaviors that they typically display. Maybe it is internalizing or externalizing behaviors. A child who
demonstrates internalizing behaviors is not necessarily an introvert. Instead, they become quiet and
withdrawn when faced with a learning situation that they are not confident in. Other internalizing behaviors
include boredom, disorganization and inattention. Likewise, a child who demonstrates externalizing
behaviors is not necessarily an extrovert. Instead, they become loud and disruptive when they are faced with
learning situations that they are not confident in. Other externalizing behaviors include delinquent
behaviors, aggressive behaviors and clowning around. Second reason is if the learner have a Bad grades, it
might be a sign of a learning disability. However, their failing grade could simply be from a lack of interest
in the subject, or they could be developmentally delayed in their learning ability. If they are
developmentally delayed, they typically are able to catch up with their peers once they are given additional
tutoring in the subject. However, if tutoring doesn't help the child, and the student is consistently struggling
in one or more subject areas, the parent or the teacher may request that the child be given a diagnostic
achievement test. This test is used to determine a student's strengths and weaknesses. However, the
assumption that an achievement test makes is that the student is willing to do their very best on the test.
Unfortunately, often, if a student doesn't enjoy school, they will be less than enthusiastic to perform well on
an achievement test. If this is the case, it becomes important to look at the behavior of the student. Third is
when students classified with speech and language disorders and specific learning disabilities were the most
likely to move out of special education. Fourth is when a child has a severe discrepancy between
achievement and intellectual ability. And lastly, is when a child is under in a Language-based learning
disabilities like difficulty of pronouncing and rhyming words.
Early identification of children with special needs is very important activity for preventing them and
to identify problems that can be corrected quickly than when the situation has already unmanageable. On
the other hand, when the learning disability is recognized early on, steps can be taken to help the children to
obtain the life skills needed for a successful life throughout adulthood. Early identification not only
improves the child’s ability to reach their academic potential, but also prevents the development of low self-
esteem and behavior problems that further interfere with their ability to learn. Without early diagnosis, the
potential to develop the skills they need to have a normal, successful life as an adult can be greatly reduced.

Learning Activity 15. Research Activity ( 15 pts)

1. Read one research of any topic about children and youth with special needs. Copy the abstract of the
study and state the following:
3. Submission: October 21-23, 2021

I. Title of the Study PARTICIPATION AND DISABILITY- A

STUDY OF PARTICIPATION IN
SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN AND
YOUTH WITH DISABILITIES
Author Lilly Eriksson
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Almqvist, L., & Granlund, M. (2005).

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Almqvist, L., & Granlund, M. (submitted).

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Almqvist, L., Hällnäs, P., Stefansson, M.,

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Arvidsson, P., Thyberg, M., & Granlund,

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2. Abstract of the Study Participation in everyday life is vital to a

child’s development and well-being and is
a basic human right. One definition of
participation is engagement in life areas.
The objective of this study is to investigate
participation in school activities of
children and adolescents with disabilities;
the study focus on personal factors and
factors in the environment, which are
closely related to participation. Data were
collected in a large survey and a smaller
observational study. In the survey,
students, parents, teachers, and special
 education consultants responded to
statements about participation and factors
related to participation such as autonomy,
interaction, availability, support, and
environment. In the observational study,
participation was observed during various
school activities during an entire school
day and after school. Children were
interviewed about their school day,
friendships, and autonomy. The results
revealed that participation is
multidimensional, with an emphasis on
personal experiences, interactions, and
context. The theoretical assumption of the
International Classification of Functioning,
Disability, and Health (ICF) states that the
body, participation, and the environment
are related. The research results proved
this assumption and support the
multidimensionality of the participation
construct. As indicated in previous
research, children and adolescents with
disabilities show a lower degree of
participation in school than their peers.
Participation seems to be more related to
autonomy and interactions with significant
others than to disability type and general
environment. A closer look at various
school activities reveals that children with
disabilities primarily have a lower degree
of participation in math, practical subjects,
and science. Being included and having
many friends, who provide emotional
support, facilitate participation. While,
frequently receiving support from teachers
and assistants lowered participation. This
indicates that there is a relation between
support and participation: providing too
much support during class can be
detrimental to class participation, whereas
a good social support network of other
children is vital. In this thesis,
participation is measured in two ways: by
participation frequency and by
participation intensity. By counting the
number of activities that children
participate in, and how often they
participate in these activities, a measure of
an individual’s average participation is
obtained, that is, participation frequency.
This measure depends more on internal
rather than contextual factors, and it
 changes more often because of internal
rather than contextual changes. Intensity
measures of participation refer to the
amount of involvement within a specific
situation, and are contextually dependent.
Involvement change based on the situation
and the individual’s present state.
Participation is personal—it is about
feeling good about what you are doing and
feeling competent in using available
opportunities. Participation is dependent
on interaction with significant others.
Participation for children with disabilities
also depends on being provided with
necessary support. Participation frequency
seems to be less dependent on support than
participation intensity. The fact that
intensity seem to be more dependent on
support and context, short-term
interventions facilitating participation
within situations are probably the most
fruitful way to enhance participation.
3. Formulate in your own words five  Brainstorming or sharing ideas to a
(5) Educational Implications or group.
Specific Learning Situations in the  Having outdoor activities together
Classroom or School. with all the students.
 Receiving physically, emotionally
and moral support from others.
 Feel free to expressing thoughts
with one another with no
judgements.
 Interaction with others such as
playing, reading, writing and more
educational purposes to learn.