DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

LIMITS

2 x 3−5 x2 −4 x +12
6. lim
x →2 x3 −12 x +16
( x−2)( x−2)(2 X +3)
¿
( x −2)( X−2)( x+ 4)
(2 X +3)
¿
( x +4 )
(2(2)+3)
¿
(2+4 )
7
¿
6

x 3−27
7. lim 2
x →3 x −9

( x−3)( x 2+ 3 x +9)
¿ ¿
(x−3)¿ ¿
2
( x + 3 x +9)
¿
( x +3)
2
(3 +3 ( 3 ) +9)
¿
(3+3)
9
¿
2

3+ √ x +5
2 2
4−x
8. lim ( )( )
3− √ x + 5 3+ √ x +5
2 2
x →2

( 4−x )(3+ √ x +5)

2 2
¿ ¿
(3−√ x +5)¿ ¿
2

( 4−x )(3+ √ x +5)

2 2
¿
9−√ x +5
2

( 4−x 2 )(3+ √ x 2+5)

¿
9−x2 −5
 ( 4−x )(3+ √ x +5)
2 2
¿ 2
4−x

¿ 3+ √ x +5
2

¿ 3+ √ 2 +5
2

¿6

x 2+ x−2
9. lim ¿¿ ¿
x →2

( x−1)( x +2)
¿
( x−1)( x−1)

( x +2)
¿
( x−1)

(2+2) 3
¿ ¿ ¿∞
(2−1) 0

10. lim √ x−3

x →3 x 2−9
¿¿¿¿
x −3
¿ 2
¿
( x −9)¿ ¿
x−3
¿ ¿
( x−3)( x +3)¿ ¿
1
¿ ¿
( x +3)¿ ¿
1
¿ ¿
(3+3) ¿ ¿
1
¿ ¿
(3+3) ¿ ¿
1
¿ ¿
6¿¿
 1
¿ ¿∞
0
x +3
11. lim 2
x →3 x + 5 x +6
x 3
+
x2 x2
¿ 2
x 5x 6
+ +
x 2 x 2 x2
1 3
+
x x2
¿
5 6
1+ + 2
x x
0
¿
1
¿0

2 x +1
12. lim
x→ ∞ 6+ x +3 x2
2x 1
+
x2 x2
¿
6 x 3 x2
+ +
x2 x2 x2
2 1
+
x x2
¿
6 1
+ +3
x x
2

0
¿
3
¿0
Make the parabola y=ax 2+ bx+ c pass through (2,1) and be tangent to the line y=2 x +4 @ (1,6).

@ point (2,1) Since line passing through point (1,6)

2
y=ax + bx+ c 2=2ax +b

1=a ( 2 )2+ ( b )2+ c 2=2a ( 1 ) +b

1=4 a+ 2b+ c → equation 1 2=2a+ b → equation 5
Slope of the line Subtract equation 4-5

y=2 x +4 −5=3 a+b

 m=2 −2=2a+ b

y=ax 2+ bx+ c −7=a

y ' =2 ax +b
2=2ax +b →equation 2
@ point (1,6) Subtract a in equation 4 or 5
2
y=ax + bx+ c 2=2a+ b

6=a+ b+c → equation 3 2=2 (−7 )+ b

Subtract equation 1 -3 2=−14+b
1=4 a+ 2b+ c b=16
6=a+ b+c
−5=3 a+b → equation 4 in equation 1, substitute a and b

1=4 a+ 2b+ c
1=4 (−7 )+2 ( 16 ) + c
1=−28+32+ c
1=4+ c
c=−3

y=ax 2+ bx+ c
2
y=−7 x +16 x−¿
Make the cubic y=ax 3+ bx2 +cx + d be tangent to the line y=12 x +13 @ (-1,1) a horizontal tangent at
the point (1,5).

@ point (-1,1)
3 2
1=a (−1 ) + b (−1 ) + c (−1 ) +d
1=−a+b−c +d →equation 1
For tangent line @ (-1,1)
' 2
y =3 ax +2 bx+ c
Line y=12 x +13

m=12
 2
12=3 ax +2 bx+ c
@ point (-1,1)

12=3 a (−1 )2 +2 b (−1 ) +c

12=3 a−2 b+c →equation 2
@ point (1,5)
3
5=a ( 1 ) + b ¿
5=a+b+ c+ d → equation 3
Horizontal tangent @ point (1,5) m=0

y ' =3 ax 2 +2 bx+ c
2
0=3 ax + 2bx +c
@ point (1,5)

0=3 a ( 1 )+ 2b ( 1 ) + c
0=3 a+2 b+ c → equation 4
Add equation 1 and 2

1=−a+b−c +d
5=a+b+ c+ d
6=2 b+2 d ÷ 2
3=b+d → equation 5

Add equation 2 and 4

12=3 a−2 b+C

0=3 a+2 b+ c
12=6 a+2 c ÷ 2
6=3 a+c →equation 6
Subtract equation 1 in 3

1=−a+b−c +d
−5=a+b+ c+ d
−4=−2 a−2 c ÷ 2
 −2=−a−c → equation 7
Add equation 6 and 7 Substitute a in equation 6

6=3 a+c 6=3 a+c

−2=−a−c 6=3 ( 2 )+ c
4=2a c=0
a=2
Substitute a, c in equation 2 or 4 Subtitute a, b, and c in 1 or 3

12=3 a−2 b+c 5=a+b+ c+ d

12=3 ( 2 )−2b+ 0 5=2−3+0+ d
12=6−2 b 5=−1+ d
6=−2 b d=6
b=−3

y=ax 3+ bx2 +cx + d

y=2 x 3−3 x 2+ c

TIME RATES

RECTANGULAR MOTION- the motion of a particle along a straight line is completely describe the
equation.

S=f ( t ) t=is the time

S= directed distance

t ≥ 0 is the time and the S is the distance of P from a fixed point to its path.
-the velocity of P at the time (t) is

ds
V= =S '
dt
Assumptions

If the V>0, P is moving in the direction of increasing S

If the V<0, P is moving in the direction of decreasing S

If the V=0, P is moving in the direction in the intaneously at rest

If the acceleration of P is
2
dv d s
a= = =S
dt dt 2
Assumptions

If a>0, P is moving and V is increasing

If a<0, V is decreasing

If a=0, V is constant

If V and a have the same sign, the speed of P is increasing

If V and a have opposite sign, the speed of P is decreasing

Example

1 3
1. A body moves along a straight line according to the given law. S= t −2 t . Determine the V and a, at
2
the end of 2 sec?

For Velocity For Acceleration

2
1 3 3t
'
S= t −2 t S= −2
2 2
3 2
S= t −2 S = {6t} over {2
2
 S =3(2
t=2 S =6 units/ {sec} ^ {2
2
' 3 (2)
S= −2
2
3(4)
S' = −2
2

S' =3 ( 2 )−2

S' =4 units/ sec

2. S=160t−32 t 2 @ t=2 sec

' 2 ' 2
S =160−96 t S =160−96 t
''
t=2 sec S =−192 ( t )

S' =160−96 ( 4 ) S' ' =−192(2)

' '' 2
S =−224 units/sec S =−384 units /sec

3. If S=t 3−5 t 2 +5 t−3, when will be the velocity be 2?

S=t 3−5 t 2 +5 t−3 0=(3 t−1)(t−3)

' 2
S =3 t −10 t+5 3 t=1 t−3=0
1
2=3 t −10 t+ 5
2
t= t=3
3
2
0=3 t −10 t +3
4. If S=t 3−10 t 2, when will be the a be 0?
3 2
S=t −10 t
' 2
S =2 t −20 t
''
S =6 t−20
0=6 t−20
20=6 t
 20
t=
6
10
t=
3

5. If S=t 3−t 2, find the V when a is 0

S=t 3−t 2 S' =2 t −3 t 2

2¿ 1
S' =2 t −3 t ¿ t=
3

''
S =2−6 t S' =2 ( 13 )−3 ¿
2 1
0=2−6 t S' = −3( )
3 9
' 2 1
6 t=2 S= −
3 3
1 ' 1
t= S=
3 3

A stove is projected vertically upward with initial velocity 34.3 m/sec, moves according to
2
S=34.3t−4.9 t where S is the distance from the starting point. Compute a.) the velocity and
acceleration when t=3, when t=4 b.) The greatest height reached.

a.) For velocity

2
S=34.t−4.9t
S ' =34.t−9.8 t
t=3
'
S =34.3−9.8 ( 3 )
'
S =4.9 m/ sec

For acceleration S=34.3t −4.9(t)2

S=34.t−4.9t
2
S=34.3 ( 3.5 )−4.9 ¿
'
S =34. t−9.8 t S=60.025 meters
0=34.t−9.8 t
9.8 t=34.3
t=35

A baseball is thrown directly upward with an initial velocity 64 ft/sec. How high will itrise?

1 2
S=V o t− g t S=V o t−16 t 2
2
1
S=V o t− ( 32 ) t
2
2
S= ( 64secft )(2 sec)
S=V o t−16 t
2
S=
( 64secft ) ¿
2

S ' =V o t−32t S=128 ft−64 ft

S' =64 ft / sec−(34 ft /sec 2 ¿ )t ¿ S=64 ft

0=64 ft /sec−(34 ft / sec 2¿ ) t ¿

64 ft /sec
t=
32 ft /sec 2
t=2 sec

A bomb is dropped ( v 0=0 ¿ from an airplane, 6400 ft high. Find when and what velocity the bomb will
strike the ground.
2 2
S=V 0−16 t S=V 0−16 t

6400=0−16 t
2
S ' =V 0−32 t

6400
t 2= S' =0−32(20)
16
t=20 '
S =−640 ft /units