Instrumentation and

Control
Week 5 - Symbols, Numbering and Application
 Standard P&ID Symbols Legend

• Piping and Instrument Diagram Standard Symbols

Detailed Documentation provides a standard set of
shapes & symbols for documenting P&ID and PFD,
including standard shapes of instrument, valves,
pump, heating exchanges, mixers, crushers, vessels,
compressors, filters, motors and connecting shapes.
 LINES P&ID
SYMBOLS
• Lines is used as
the location
indicator of the
system and to
determine what
will be the input
and output signal
of the system be.
 Standard P&ID Symbols Legend

• Instrument – Gauges, transmitters, local indicators,

DCS indicators, interlocks and other functions have
to be shown in detail on the P&ID. Interconnection
between these elements has to be indicated by
different types of instrument signals (hardwired
signal, soft signal, pneumatic or hydraulic signal
etc.).
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Instruments
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Instruments
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Instruments
Controller

Controller

Standard P&ID Symbols Legend

Instruments
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Instruments
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Instruments
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Instruments
P&ID Definitions
• An odometer or odograph is
an instrument used for
measuring
the distance traveled by a
vehicle, such as a bicycle or
car. The device may be
electronic, mechanical, or a
combination of the two
(electromechanical).
P&ID Definitions

• Analytical transmitters are

the component within a
measurement system
that communicates
displayed measurements to
a user or higher level
control system.
 P&ID Definitions
• A straightening vane is used
to straighten the gas flow
before going into a gas meter
to ensure accurate
measurement. When installed
upstream with the correct
pipe length, it will reduce the
turbulence before entering a
metering devise such as an
orifice flanges or flow meter.
 P&ID Definitions

• Diaphragm Gas Meters are positive displacement

type gas meters that utilizes flow channels designed
for low pressure losses. The volume is displayed on a
direct read (odometer) or clock (pointer) style
indexes. Diaphragm Gas Meters design allows them
to measure very small amounts of gas accurately.
 P&ID Definitions
• The rotary gas meters are positive displacement
meters, designed to measure quantity of gas, for
custody transfer or technical measurement
applications.
• The devices are mainly applied for gas flow
ranges from 0.2 up to 650 m³/h, and the pressure
range up to 20 bar.
P&ID Definitions

• A pitot tube (pitot

probe) measures
fluid flow velocity.
 P&ID
Definitions
• The Wedge Meter is a
differential pressure
device suitable to
measure the flow rate
of dirty liquids in a
closed conduit (slurry
applications).
 P&ID
Definitions
A target meter is
used to measure
the dirty or
corrosive liquids
 P&ID Definitions

• V-cone flow meter is a kind of differential

pressure flow meter. It measures the flow rate
through the throttling effect produced by V
vertebral in the flow field.
 P&ID
Definitions
Coriolis mass flow
meters measure mass
through inertia.
 Standard P&ID Symbols Legend

• A valve is a device or natural object that

regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid
(gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by
opening, closing, or partially obstructing
various passageways.
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Valves
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Valves
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Valves
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Valves
Standard P&ID Symbols Legend
Valves
Standard P&ID
Symbols
Piston Operated
Valves
 Standard
P&ID
Symbols
Back Pressure
Regulator
Standard P&ID
Symbols
Angle Blowdown Valve
 Standard
P&ID
Symbols
Hydraulic Valve
Standard P&ID
Symbols
Motor Operated valve
 Standard P&ID
Symbols
•A pilot valve is a tiny
valve that regulates the
flow of a restricted-flow
control feed to another
piloted valve.
Standard P&ID Symbols

•Ram valve (Piston valve, Ram

plunger valve) is a kind of drain
valve that has piston (plunger) type
disc. It used for drain, flush and
dead space free shut-off for
reactors, vessels and pipeline etc.
 Standard
P&ID
Symbols
Slide Valve
Standard
P&ID
Symbols
Knife Valve
Standard P&ID
Symbols
•Excess Flow valves
are in-line valves through
which pressurized gas or
liquid flows in either
direction. These are
spring-loaded flow shut-
off valves, which will only
close when the flow
through the valve exceeds
a predetermined closing
flow rate in the direction
marked on the valve.
Standard P&ID
Symbols
•Minimum Flow
valve -
The valve maintains
a minimum flow
through the pump,
whilst also acting as
a non- return check
valve for the pump.
 Standard
P&ID
Symbols
Automatic
Recirculation Pump
 FILTERS
P&ID
SYMBOLS
 FILTERS
P&ID
SYMBOLS
 Instrument Numbering

• Instrument Numbering is one of the most

important factors that must be considered
while preparing P&ID and other documents
related to instruments.
Instrument
Tagging
Philosophy
 Instrument Numbering
• The basic structure of Instrument Numbering Philosophy.
It includes
• Unit Number
• Instrument Type
• System Number
• Instrument Number
 Instrument Numbering
• Unit Number
• It indicates the plant, area and unit
in which the instrument is located
• Use basic number if project is
small, there are no area, unit or
plant number
• Examples: PT-1 or PT-01 or PT-001
• Instrument Type
• Each instrument associated within
an instrumented facility ought to
have its own unique identifying tag
comprising of a series of letters
depicting that instrument’s
function.
• The naming of instrument type is
usually done by taking ISA 5.1 as
reference.
Instrument
Type
Instrument
Type
 Loop Numbering
• System number and instrument number together called as loop
number of an instrument.
• Loop number depicts the loop associated with an instrument and it
should be helpful while creating loop drawings.
• As per ISA 5.1 loop numbering may be parallel or series.
 Loop
Diagram
 P&ID application
• Exercise 1
• Create a P&ID design of
Lube Oil Cooler that monitors Lube Oil Cooler
the temperature of cooled oil
out by regulating the warm
water out. Also make a block TC TT
diagram for it.
 P&ID application
• Exercise 2
LT LIC
• Create a P&ID design of Level
Water
controlled tank for which the Tank
opening of drain valve depends
on the level of the tank. Let
there be a manual operated valve
in the input side of the pipe and
make a block diagram.
Thank you!