TYPES OF SENTENCES

SIMPLE: one independent clause

COMPOUND .: Two independent clauses (same level of importance)

COMPLEX: One independent clause plus one dependent clause

COMPOUD-COMPLEX: Combined clauses

Forming compound sentences

1. By using a semi colon:

Independent clause ; independent clause

He loved chocolate; it reminded him of his grandmother .

2. By using a coordinating conjunction

Independent clause , coordinating conjunction Independent clause

He loved chocolate, but he didn´t like the cookies

3. By using a transition

Independent clause ; transition, Independent clause

HE loved chocolate; however, he didn´t like the cookies

Forming complex sentences. (one independent clause + a dependent clause)

There are different kinds of DEPENDENT CLAUSES --------- ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

NOUN CLAUSES

PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

At the moment we are ONLY going to concentrate on adverbial clauses (introduced by

subordinating conjunctions)
Complex sentences (with adverbial clauses)

Subordinating conjunction + Dependent clause, (comma) independent clause

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

Because he didn´t study enough, he couldn´t pass the exam

Independent clause + subordinated conjunction dependent clause

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

He couldn´t pass the exam because he didn´t study.

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Connectors ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN THE FORMATION OF SENTENCES

CONNECTORS ------------------------------- link the different clauses (grammar function)

Express a logical relationship (lexical function)

Connectors ---------------------- coordinating conjunctions (connect ideas of the same

level . Form COMPOUND sentences )

Subordinating conjunctions (introduce an ADVERBIAl clause

which is one kind of dependent clause)

Transitions (can form a compound sentence )

( they can connect ideas in different sentences)

It is very important to know which are coordinating conjunctions, which are subordinationg
conjunctions and which are transitions .

Apart from this, we have to be careful with punctuation and position in the sentence. The
following charts maybe useful
Extracted from this site for pedagogical purposes
 CONNECTORS AND PUNCTUATION

Complete the following exercises about connectors

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/connectives/con004-linking-words.htm

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/connectives/con003-environmental-
problems.htm

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/connectives/con015.htm

In the following chart, you will find how to use connectors according to their position in
the sentence or when they connect sentences .

CON ADDITION RESULT CONTRAST REASON TIME POSITION /

DITI
ON
 PUNCTUATION

And So But 1 ____ ____.

____ , ____.

Moreover therefore however meanwhile 2 ___. , ____.

consequently after that
what’s more then
besides before that

in addition then
____; , ____.

also

if Although Because while 3 ___ , ____.

While as as

since when
____ ____.
after
before

despite after 4 + ING, ____.

in spite of before

____ + ING.

despite because of 5 +noun, ___.

due to
in spite of owing to

___ + noun.

: CONNECTOR

_______ : clause