Components of computer

➢ Hardware components
• Input Device
• Key-board
▪ Wireless (Bluetooth)
▪ Wired
• Mouse
• Optical Character Reader Devices (OCR)
• Central Processing Unit
• Arithmatic Logical Unit (ALU)
• Memory
▪ Primary Memory
▪ Secondary Memory
• Output Device
• Monitor
▪ LED
▪ LCD
• Printer
▪ Impact printer
▪ Non-impact printer
➢ Software components
• Operating Software
• Application Software
Mouse are of two types:
Old Mouse that uses a heavy balls that cannot work on a frictionless surfaces.
Optical mouse uses a small lighting device and the camera that takes multiple images of the
surface on which it is kept. It can work with any type of surface.
Optical Character Reader (OCR)
It can read and recognise in optical form e.g. Barcode reader, QR code
reader, Holostore, Scanner, OMR.
Barcode:
➢ Barcode consists of thin and thick line in white/black colour background.
➢ To read these lines barcode readers is used
➢ The reader has high intensity lights in red colour that falls on the background black
colour line absorb these lines and white background reflects it.
➢ Absorbed light is marked as zero. Reflected light is marked as one by the reader.
➢ A digital code is created that can be easily converted into the message
➢ Barcode contains small messages about the product such as manufacturing date and
expiry date acceptor etc.
➢ Barcode also has 19 digit number below it that gives the same information.

QR code:

➢ The QR code is also based on the same principle as that of barcode.

➢ But it is more advanced and much complex than barcode.
➢ The QR code contain at least 100 times more information than barcode.
➢ It cannot be generated and read by human.
➢ It is called as Quick Response Code because for payment transfer it does not require to
type in the account number and IFSC code.
➢ The QR code reading require internet since information is contained in remote cloud
server while barcode reading does not require internet.
Holostore:

➢ It is a device to creat life like image. e.g. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose image on India
Gate.
➢ It works on Hologram technique, where two images are created at the same place to
give the illusion of third image
➢ A holostore is able to produce real life like image.

Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

• Output devices
• Monitor
▪ LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display)
 a. Super LCD
▪ LED ( Light Emitting Diode)
a. Q LED (Quantum LED)
b. O LED (Organic LED)
i. PMO LED ( Passive Matrix Organic LED)
ii. AMO LED ( Active MO LED)
❖ Super AMO LED

LCD consist monochromatic pixel in front of a heating and lighting device. When current
is passed through it under the effect of heat and external lights image is produced. The
advantage of LCD over other type of display is that LCD does not have the problem of screen
burn.
When an image remain static for a longer time then the part of the screen becomes heated
and gets burnt. To save from screen burn we have screensavers.
Screen savers randomly moving image that creates uniform heating and cooling.
Important types of LCD are

a. Super LCD: In super LCD the two screens are joined together so that the image
appears nearer to eyes.
b. IPS display: In plane switching, it produces the best colour quality among all and it
increases the pixel by switching the crystal at a point.

LED diodes are made up of gallium arsenide phosphide material.

LEDs are consuming much less power and they are low heating devices. But it uses a
lighting device to make the image brighter.
a. Q-LED is made to produce best quality of image with highest definition (HD). It uses
nano-sized LED.
b. O-LED consists of organic hydrocarbon chain. These hydrocarbon chains are pasted on
the metallic plate. When current is passed through it it starts glowing to produce
images. Image produced by O-LED is called as true colour image, since it does not use
black light and the image has its own light. The O-LED produces true black colour
images. Since to produce the true black colour image simply lights are switched off at
that point, O-LED consumes less power.

Drawbacks of O-LED
➢ Problem of image retention screen burn

i. PMO LED: These screens cannot be used in the absence of external light. The PMO
LED screens do not have concept of back light in them. It can only be used when
external lights are present.
ii. AMO LED: It has the presence of backlight in it. Therefore it can be used in the
presence/absence of external light.
❖ Super AMO LED: these screens are very thin and it is made by integrating
together the touch panel and the screen due to this it becomes very thin.
• Printer
▪ Impact printer
i. Daisey Wheel
ii. Dot Matrix
▪ Non-impact printer
i. Inkjet printer
ii. LASER
iii. Thermal
iv. Dye-sublimation