Session-20.

1
Conjunctions (Practical usage-1)

Cause  Result
Pair-1: (Because, Since, As, For)
 Meaning: Kyunki
 Adjoint clause: Explains the aligned reason(s) of a given result
 Difference:
 Because >> Since >> As
 For  FANBOYS
 For is also a preposition, when it means “ke liye” and is attached with
a noun/gerund, as in the following sentences–
 This is for (preposition) you.
 This is for (preposition) your own good.
Let’s practice-
✔👉 Hindi: Kal hamari team jeeti, ✔👉 English: Our team won
kyuki sabne accha khela. (Clause-1) yesterday because/
since/as we played (Clause-2) well.
📌 Number of sentences – 1
📌 Number of conjunctions – 1 Clause analysis:
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2  Clause-1: Independent
📌 Type of sentence – Complex  Because/since/as + Clause 2:
(Independent + Dependent) Dependent clause
Adverbial clause of reason

✔👉 Alternative: Because/
Since/As we played (Clause-2) well,
our team won (Clause-1) yesterday.

📌 Number of sentences – 1 ✔👉 English: Our team won

📌 Number of conjunctions – 1
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2
📌 Type of sentence – Compound
(Independent + Independent)
(Clause-1) yesterday, for we played
(Clause-2) well.
Clause analysis:
 Clause-1: Independent
 Clause-1: Independent

✔👉 Alternative: For we played

(Clause-2) well, our team won
(Clause-1) yesterday.
Pair-2: (Therefore, Hence, Thus, So)
 Meaning: Isliye
 Adjoint clause: Explains the aligned result of a given cause
 Difference:
 There are no hard and fast rules for their usage. All of
these can be used interchangeably. There are some weak
rules–
 Therefore  For mathematical conclusions
 Hence  For conclusions of the past
 Thus  For conclusions of the future
 So  FANBOYS (Most commonly used)
Let’s practice-
✔👉 Hindi: Kal sab accha khele, ✔👉 English: Everyone played well
isliye hamari team jeeti. yesterday (Clause-1) (no comma)
therefore/hence/thus our team
📌 Number of sentences – 1 won (Clause-2).
📌 Number of conjunctions – 1
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2 Clause analysis:
📌 Type of sentence – Complex  Clause-1: Independent
(Independent + Dependent)  Therefore/Hence/Thus +
Clause-2: Dependent
Adverbial clause of result

✔👉 Alternative: Therefore/
Hence/Thus our team won
(Clause 2), Everyone played well
yesterday (Clause-1).

(Conjunctional clause with a result

at the beginning of a clause is
not possible)

📌 Number of sentences – 1 ✔👉 English: Everyone played well

📌 Number of conjunctions – 1
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2
📌 Type of sentence – Compound
(Independent + Independent)
yesterday (Clause-1), (comma
necessary) So our team won
(Clause-2).
Clause analysis:
 Clause-1: Independent
 So + Clause-2: Independent
Pair-3: (Though, Although, Even though, While)
 Meaning: Halanki aisa hai/tha (Despite the fact that)
 Adjoint clause: Explains the opposing reason(s) of a given result
 Difference:
 While = Casual
 Though = Less formal
 Although = Highly formal
 Even though = More emphasis (formal/informal)
*Yet is optional after though/although/even though; it is not preferred in
modern English.
Let’s practice-
✔👉 Hindi: Halanki sabne achha khela, ✔👉 English: Though/Although/
team har gyi. Even though everyone played
(Clause-1) well, (yet) the team lost
📌 Number of sentences – 1 (Clause-2).
📌 Number of conjunctions – 1
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2 Clause analysis:
📌 Type of sentence – Complex  Though/Although/ Even
(Dependent + Independent) though + Clause-1:
Dependent
 Clause 2: Independent

✔👉 Alternative: The team lost

(no comma) though/although/
even though everyone played well.

Clause analysis:
 Clause 1: Independent
 Though/Although/ Even
though + Clause-2:
Dependent

📌 Number of sentences – 1 ✔👉 English: While everyone

📌 Number of conjunctions – 1
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2
📌 Type of sentence – Complex
(Dependent + Independent)
played (Clause-1) well, the team
lost (Clause-2).
Clause analysis:
 While+ Clause 1: Dependent
 Clause-2: Independent
Pair-4: (However, Nevertheless, Nonetheless, Yet)
 Meaning: Fir bhi (Despite that)
 Adjoint clause: Explains the opposing results(s) of a given cause
 Difference:
 However = Less formal
 Nevertheless = Highly formal (expresses an event)
 Nonetheless = Highly formal (expresses quantity)
 Yet  Informal (FANBOYS)
 The positions of these four conjunctions are highly flexible as these
conjunctions are adverbs also. Positions –
 Middle of the sentence (separated by commas)
 At the end of the clause (without comma)
 At the start of a separate clause (with comma)
Let’s practice-
✔👉 Hindi: Sabne achha khela, fir ✔👉 English: Everyone played
bhi team har gyi. (Clause-1) well, however/
nevertheless/ nonetheless, the team
📌 Number of sentences – 1 lost (Clause-2).
📌 Number of conjunctions – 1
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2 ✔👉 Alternative: Everyone played
📌 Type of sentence – Complex (Clause-1) well, the team lost
(Independent + Dependent) (Clause-2) (no comma)
however/nevertheless/nonetheless.
Clause analysis: ✔👉 Alternative: Everyone played
 Clause-1: Independent (Clause-1) well; however/
 However/Nevertheless/ nevertheless/nonetheless, the team
Nonetheless + Clause 2: lost (Clause-2).
Dependent
✔👉 Alternative: Everyone played
(Clause-1) well; the team lost
(Clause-2) however/ nevertheless
/nonetheless.

📌 Number of sentences – 1 ✔👉 English: Everyone played well,

📌 Number of conjunctions – 1 yet the team lost.
📌 Number of clauses – 1+1 =2
📌 Type of sentence – Complex Clause analysis:
(Independent + Independent)  Clause-1: Independent
 Yet + Clause-2: Independent
 Homework task
✔👉 Hindi: Hamne train miss kar di,
kyuki ham railway station ke liye deri se
nikle the. 📌 Number of sentences –
📌 Number of conjunctions –
✔👉 English: 📌 Number of clauses –
✔👉 Alternative: 📌 Type of sentence –

 Clause-1:
 / / + Clause 2:

✔👉 Hindi: Ham railway station ke liye

deri se nikle the, isliye Hamne train
miss kar di. 📌 Number of sentences –
📌 Number of conjunctions –
✔👉 English: 📌 Number of clauses –
✔👉 Alternative: 📌 Type of sentence –

 Clause-1:
 / / + Clause 2:

✔👉 Hindi: Ham apni train pakad paye,

halanki Ham railway station ke liye deri
se nikle the. 📌 Number of sentences –
✔👉 English: 📌 Number of conjunctions –
📌 Number of clauses –
✔👉 Alternative: 📌 Type of sentence –
 Clause-1:
 / / + Clause 2:
✔👉 Hindi: Ham railway station ke liye
deri se nikle the, fir bhi ham apni train
pakad paye. 📌 Number of sentences –
📌 Number of conjunctions –
✔👉 English: 📌 Number of clauses –
✔👉 Alternative: 📌 Type of sentence –

 Clause-1:
 / / + Clause 2: