STATICS

OF RIGID BODIES
OUTLINE OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS
INTRODUCTION

• Mechanics - defined as the science which describes

and predicts the condition of rest or motion of bodies
under the action of force
• Rigid body - definite amount of matter, the parts of
which are fixed in position relative to one another.
• Mass – invariant property of a body which measures
its resistance to a change of motion
• Force - action exerted by one body upon another.
 TWO DIVISIONS OF FORCE SYSTEM
• Coplanar Force System - lines of action of forces
are on the same plane.
Point of Application
OBJECT
Line of
Action

Concurrent Coplanar Parallel Coplanar Force

Force System Non-Concurrent Coplanar
Force System System
 TWO DIVISIONS OF FORCE SYSTEM
• Non-Coplanar Force System - lines of action of
forces are not on the same plane.
z
z z

y
y y

x
Concurrent Non-Coplanar x x
Non-Concurrent Non- Parallel Non-Coplanar
Force System
Coplanar Force System Force System
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A FORCE

• Magnitude (e.g. 500N, 10 kN, 1000 lb,8 kip)

• Position of its line of action (horizontal,
diagonal)
• Direction (rightward, leftward, upward, downward)
 TYPES OF FORCE DISTRIBUTION
• Concentrated Force

• Uniformly Distributed Force (Rectangular

Load)
 TYPES OF FORCE DISTRIBUTION
• Uniformly Varying Force (Triangular Load)

• Trapezoidal Force
COMPONENTS
OF FORCES
 COMPONENTS OF
FORCES

1. If angle is given:
Fy F
F
Fy
θyy θy
θyx
Fx
Fx
x

• Fy = F Sinθxx
• Fy= F Cosθyθxy
• Fx = F Sinθxy
• Fx = F Cosθyθxx
 COMPONENTS OF
FORCES

2. If slope is given:
Fy
F
c F
a Fy
b
Fx
x Fx
By Ratio and Proportion:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 1: For the following forces, determine the
horizontal and vertical components of the force.
Indicate whether it is positive or negative.
A=50kN
Ay a.) A = 50 kN
Ax = 50kN Cos 25°
Ax = 45.32kN
Ay = -50kNSin 25°
25°
Ay = -21.13 kN
Axx
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
b.) B = 4000 N
B= 4000N
By
Bx = -4000N Sin
70°
70° Bx = -3758.71 N
By = 4000 N Cos
Bxx 70°
By = 1368.08 N
Cxx
c.) C = 18 kips
3 Cx = 18 kips (7/
7.62)
7 Cx = 16.54 kips
Cy = -18 kips (3/
Cy C = 18 kips 7.62)
Cy = -7.09 kips
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Dy d.) D = 3200 lb
D = 3200lb
Dx = 3200 lb
(12/13)
13 Dx = 2953.85
5
lb.
Dxx
Dy = 3200 lb
x
(5/13)
E = 10 kN Dy = 1230.77
lb.
e.) E = 10 kN
75° Ex = 10 kN Cos
55°
Ex = 5.74 kN
Ey = -10kN Sin
20°
55°
Ey = -8.19 kN
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 2: The vertical force F acts on the two
membered frame, determine the magnitude of the
components of F directed along the axes of AB and AC.

FAB
50°

F = 550 N
70°
60°

FAC
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 3: The force acting on the gear tooth is F=
20 lb. determine the component forces acting along
line aa and line bb.

F = 20 lb
Fbb

Faa
TRANSMISSIBILITY OF
A FORCE

The point of application of a force can be transferred

along its line of action without affecting the other
external forces
RESULTANT OF CONCURRENT
COPLANAR FORCES
RESULTANT OF CONCURRENT
COPLANAR FORCES
Two or more concurrent coplanar forces can be replaced
by a single force with the same effect as those of concurrent
forces. The single force is called Resultant Force. In symbol,

R² = (ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²Fx)² + (ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²Fy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²Fx)² + (ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²Fy)²

where:
R = Resultant Force (N, kN, lb, kip)
ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²Fx = Summation of forces along horizontal axis
ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²Fy = Summation of forces along vertical axis
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 1: Determine the magnitude and location of
the resultant force for the concurrent force system
shown in the figure.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req'd: R, θ

ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - Fx
= 0 kN - 18cos30° kN + 20 kN + 16 kN
(2/√53) + 9 kN (4/8) -22sin65° kN
= -6.03 kN

ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFy = Ay - By + Cy - Dy + Ey + Fy
= 24 kN - 18sin30° kN + 0 kN - 16 kN
(7/√53) + 9 kN (√48/8) + 22cos65° kN
= 16.71 kN
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

R = √(ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFx)² + (ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFy)²

= √(-6.03 kN)² + (16.71
kN)²
R = 17.98 kN

tan θ = ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFx

ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFy
θ = tan⁻¹ 16.71 kN
6.03 kN
θ = 68.36°
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 2: The force system shown in the figure has a
resultant of 215 N pointing upwards along the y-axis.
Determine the values of F and θ to give the resultant.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req'd: F, θ

ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFx = Rx; Fcosθ - 250cos30° N - 500 N = 0

Fcosθ = 283.49 N eq. 1
Substitute the θ to eq. 1:
ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFy = Ry; Fsinθ - 250sin30° N = 215 N Fcosθ = 283.49 N
Fsinθ = 340 N eq. 2 Fcos49.20° = 283.49 N
F = 283.49 N
Cos50.18°
Equate eq. 1 and eq. 2:
tanθ = 340 N
Fsinθ = 340 N F = 442.69 N
283.49 N
Fcosθ 283.49 N
θ = tan⁻¹ 340 N
sinθ = 340 N
283.49 N
cosθ 283.49 N
θ = 50.18°
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 3: The bracket shown in the figure is loaded with three
forces. Determine the values of F₁ and θ so that the resultant force and θ so that the resultant force
is directed as shown in the figure and has a magnitude of 800 N.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req'd: F₁, θ

ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFy = Ry; F₁sinθ- 100 N = 800sin30° N

F₁sinθ = 400 N + 100 N
F₁sinθ = 500 N eq.1 Substitute the θ to eq.1:
F₁sinθ= 500 N
ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - FxFx=Rx;F₁cosθ + 350 N = 800cos30° N F₁sin55.56°= 500 N
F₁cosθ= 692.82 N - 350 N F₁ =500 N
F₁cosθ = 342.82 N eq. 2 sin55.56°

Equate eq. 1 and eq. 2: tanθ =500 N F₁ =606.27 N

F₁sinθ=500 N 342.82N
F₁cosθ342.82N
θ=tan⁻¹500N
sinθ=500 N 342.82 N
cosθ342.82N
θ=55.56°
RESULTANT OF NON-COPLANAR
CONCURRENT FORCE
RESULTANT OF NON-COPLANAR
COMPONENT FORCE

From the Figure:

F2 = FX2 + FY2 + FZ2

F =√(FX2 + FY2 + FZ2)

Where:
FX = component along x - direction
FY = component along y - direction
FZ = component along z – direction
RESULTANT OF NON-COPLANAR
COMPONENT FORCE

COORDINATION DIRECTION ANGLES:

cos2α + cos2 β + cos2 δ = 1
Where:
α= angle of F from x – axis
β = angle of F from y – axis
δ = angle of F from z – axis

RELATION BETWEEN FORCES AND DISTANCE

F/d = FX / a = FY /b = FZ/c
FX = F (a / d)
FY = F (b / d)
FZ = F (c / d)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: The non-coplanar concurrent force system
is shown. Determine the magnitude and coordinate
direction angles of the resultant force.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Required:
R, α, β, δ C = 19 kN, d = 110
Solution: 19 kN / √110 = CX / 5 = CY / 7 = CZ / 6
A = 12 kN, d = 114 CX = - 9.06 kN
12 kN / √114 = AX / 5 = AY / 8 = AZ / 5 CY = - 12.68 kN
AX = 5.62 kN CZ = - 10.87 kN
AY = 8.99 kN
AZ = - 5.62 kN COORDINATE DIRECTION ANGLES:
α = cos-1 (-14.05 / 97.77) = 104.98o
B = 25 Kn, d = 50 β = cos-1 (24 / 97.77) = 65.45o
25 kN / √50 = BX / 3 = BY / 5 = BZ / 4 δ = cos-1 (-50.65 / 97.77) = 151.21o
BX = -10.61 kN
∑FX = 5.62 - 10.61 – 9.06 = -14.05 kN
BY = 17.68 Kn
∑FY = 10 + 8.99 +17.68 - 12.68 = 24 kN
BZ = -14.14 kN

FROM R =√ (FX2 + FY2 + FZ2)

R = 57.77 kN
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: Three forces act on the hook. The resultant forces
have the magnitude and direction shown. Calculate the value of
force F3 and its coordinate direction angle with respect to Z – Axis.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Solution:
∑FX = RX
80 (d / 5) + F3X = (120 cos 45) (sin 30)
F3X = -21.57 N
From F3=√ (F3X2 + F3Y2 + F3Z2)
∑FY = RY F3 = 165.62 N
F3Y = (120 cos 45) (cos 30)
F3Y = 73.48 N δZ = cos -1 (146.85 / 165.67)
δZ = 27.54o
∑FZ = RZ
80 (3 / 5) – 110 + FZ3 = 120 sin 45
F3Z = 146.85 N
MOMENT OF A FORCE
MOMENT OF A FORCE
It is the tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point or an
axis.

In symbol: M = f d
 
Where:
M = moment ( N-m, lb-ft )
f = force (N, lb.)
d = moment arm
= is the perpendicular distance from the line of action of
a force to the point or axis of summation (m, ft)
MOMENT OF A FORCE

M=fd

M(a)F= 25N (3m)

M(a)F = 75 N·m
MOMENT OF A FORCE

SIGN CONVENTION:

CLOCKWISE ↻ = = POSITIVE
COUNTERCLOCKWISE ↺ = = NEGATIVE
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: For the coplanar non-concurrent forces shown,
calculate the moment about points A,B,C and D.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
VARIGNON’S THEOREM

The moment of the resultant force about an axis is equal

to the sum of the moment of the component forces
about the same point or axis of rotation.

In symbols:
MR = ∑MCOMP
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: For the coplanar parallel forces shown.
Determine the magnitude and location of the resultant
forces.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Solution:

R = ∑FV
R = -200lb -350lb +280lb -230lb -120lb +140lb
R = 480 lb. ↓

M(a)R= M(a)COMP
480 (x)̅ = 200lb (1’) +350lb (2’) -280lb (3’) +230 (5’) -140lb
(6.5’) +120lb (7.25’)
(x̅) = 2.44’
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: Find the values of P and F so that the four
forces produce a downward resultant of 350 N located
4 m. from the left end of the bar.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Given: 350 N
Required: P and F

Solution:
R = ∑FV
120N – P + F – 190N = -350N
P – F = 280N (equation 1)

M(a)R = M(a)COMP
350N (4m) = P (2m) – F (5m) + 190N (7m)
2P – 5F = 70N (equation 2)

Solving simultaneously:
P = 443.33N
F = 163.33N
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 3: A force F passing through C produces a clockwise
moment of 600 lb.-ft. about A and a counter clockwise moment
of 300 lb.-ft. about B. Determine the moment of F about O.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Given: M(a)F= +600 lb.-ft. ,M(b)F= -300 lb.-ft.
Required: M(o)F

Solution:
M(a)F = +600 lb.-ft.
Fy (3’) + Fx (4’) = +600 lb.-ft
3Fy + 4Fx = +600 lb.-ft (equation 1)

M(b)F = -300 lb.-ft.

-Fy (2’) -Fx (1’) = -300 lb.-ft
2Fy + Fx = 300 lb.-ft (equation 2)

Solving simultaneously:
Fy= 120lb
Fx= 60lb
RESULTANT OF ANY FORCE
SYSTEM
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: The three forces shown on the grid
produce a horizontal resultant through point A. Find the
magnitude and sense of P and F.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: The howe roof truss shown carries the
given loads. Determine the value of resultant force and
its intersection with AB.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 3: A flat plate is subjected to the coplanar
system of forces shown. Determine the resultant and its
y and x intercept.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Required: R, xi, yi
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 4: In the rocker arm shown, the moment of F
about O balances that of P about O. Find F.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Given: P = 250 lb

Required: F
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE
SYSTEM
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE
SYSTEM
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE
SYSTEM
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE
SYSTEM
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: For the truss loaded as shown, calculate
the reactions at supports A and B.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: Three cylinders are piled in a rectangular ditch as
shown. Assuming smooth surfaces, determine the reaction
between cylinder A and the vertical side of the ditch.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
GIVEN:
WA = 16lb
WB = 32lb
Wc= 20lb
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

5
3

4
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 3: For the beam loaded as shown, calculate
the reactions at the supports.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
REQ’D: RA , RB
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 4: A 12-ft bar of negligible weight rests in a horizontal
position on the smooth inclines. Compute the distance “x” at which
load T= 100lb should be placed from point B to keep the bar
horizontal.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
REQ’D: x
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 5: For the beams loaded as shown, calculate
the support reactions.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
REQ’D: RA, RB, RD
SOLUTION:
CONSIDER CD;
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 6: For the system of pulleys shown,
determine the value of P to maintain equilibrium.
Assume that each pulley weighs 40 lb and W = 300 lb.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
REQ’D: P
SOLUTION:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 7: Find the distance “x” (measured along AB) at which a
horizontal force of 60lb should be applied to hold the uniform bar AB
in the position shown. Bar AB is 10-ft long and weighs 140 lb. The
incline and the floor are smooth.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 8: The cantilever beam is loaded as shown in
the figure. Determine the reactions at the fixed support.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 9: For the frame loaded as shown, determine
the support reactions.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req’d: RA, RB
Solution:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 10: The uniform concrete slab has a weight of 5500lb.
The slab is held in the horizontal plane by three parallel
supporting cables. Determine the tension of cables TA and TB.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req’d: TA, TB
ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURES
ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURES
A. TRUSS
•By method of joints
•By method of sections
•By graphical method

B. FRAME
•By method of members
ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURES
ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURES

ASSUMPTIONS:
1. Members are straight between joints.
2. Loads are directly applied at the joints.
3. Members are fastened by smooth and frictionless
pin or hinges.
4. Weight of members is negligible.
5. Lateral displacements or deformation are rejected.
METHOD OF JOINTS
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: For the truss loaded as shown in the figure,
calculate the axial force in members DC, DF, and EG.
Use method of joints.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req’d: PDc, PDF, PEG
Solution:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: Determine the axial force in members BE
and BD for the truss loaded as shown by method of
joints.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
METHOD OF SECTIONS
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 1: For the truss loaded as shown in the figure,
calculate the axial force in member DF. Use method of
sections.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Solution:
From Section [1]-[1]:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 2: The structure shown consists of two simple
trusses joined by bars CF, BE, and DG. Find the force
in bars BE, CF and DG. Use method of sections.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Required: BE, CF, DG, FG
Solution:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
From Joint F:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Problem 3: For the structure loaded as shown, determine
the axial force in members BC, BF, & C. Use method of
sections.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Required: BC, BF, CF

Solution:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
ANALYSIS OF FRAME: METHOD
OF MEMBERS EQUATIONS
ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURES

EQUATIONS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: For the structure loaded as shown,
determine the horizontal and vertical components of the
pin reactions at b as they act upon member CD.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req’: Bv, Bh
Solution:
Consider Ab;
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: The a-frame shown is supported by a hinge at A
and a roller at e. Compute the horizontal and vertical
components of the hinge at B and C as they act upon
member AC.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
CONSIDER MEMBER AC;

CONSIDER THE
HORIZONTAL MEMBER
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 3: For the three-hinged arch loaded as shown,
determine the support reactions at A and B.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

Consider AC;
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Consider BC;
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 4: For the frame show, determine the
horizontal and vertical compensate of the hinge force at
B as it acts upon member AC.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
REQ’D= BV, BH

Solution:
Consider the pulley: Consider Member DE:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Consider AC:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 5: The frame shown is hinged to rigid supports at
D and E and roller supported at A. Find the components of
the hinge force at D and E caused by the given loads.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
REQ’D: RAX, RAY, REX, REY
Solution:
Simplest member (to be stated) which is BA (caused by a roller support only)

CONSIDER MEMBER BA; CONSIDER MEMBER CD;

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 6: For the beam loaded as shown, determine
the support reaction.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
REQ’D: RA,RB, RD
Note: moment equation can only use once

SOLUTIONS:
From section 1-1;
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
FRICTION
FRICTION
Consider a block resting on a rough surface and then subjected to load P;

Friction – is the contact resistance exerted by a body upon another

body when one of the bodies tends to move past another body.
In symbol: F = μNN
where:
F = Frictional force (N, lb)
μN = Coefficient of static friction
N = Normal force (N, lb)
FRICTION

FACTORS AFFECTING THE VALUE OF FRICTION:

1. Types of material
2. Roughness of the surface
3.Normal force developed between contacting surface
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: Determine the range of values of P so that
the 250 N block will tend to move (a) up the incline and
(b) down the incline, use μ = 0.25.
Given:
μ = 0.25
W = 250 N

Req’d:
Pmax
Pmin
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Solution:
Up to the incline

Down the incline

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: Bodies A & B are joined by a cord parallel to
the inclined plane as shown. Determine the angle θ at
which motion impends. What is the tension in the cord?
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 3: A horizontal bar, 10 ft long and of negligible weight,
rests on rough inclined planes as shown. If the angle of friction is
15, how close to B may the 200 lb force be applied before motion
impends?
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 4: Find the least value of P that will just
start the system of blocks shown moving to the right.
The coefficient of friction under each block is 0.30.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 5: Block A supports a load W = 1000 lb and is to be raised
by forcing the wedge B under it. The angle of friction for all surfaces
in contact is 15°. Determine the force P which is necessary to start
the wedge under the block. The block and wedge have negligible
weight.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 6: A homogeneous cylinder, 3 ft in diameter and weighing
400 lb is resting on two rough inclined surfaces as shown. If the
angle of friction is 16°, find the moment M applied to the cylinder
that will start it rotating clockwise.
M

1.5’

42°
55°
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 7: Block A weighs 120 lb, block B weighs 200 lb and the
cord is parallel to the incline. If the coefficient of friction for all
surfaces in contact is 0.25, determine the angle θ of the incline for
which motion of B impends.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Given:
WA = 120 lb
WB = 200 lb
μ = 0.25
Req’d: θ = ?
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
BELT FRICTION
BELT FRICTION
Consider a pulley with tensile forces T1&T2:
BELT FRICTION
BELT FRICTION
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: A torque of 240 lb-ft acts on the brake drum shown. If
the brake band is in contact with the brake drum through 250 and
the coefficient of friction is 0.30, determine the force P at the end of
the brake lever.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: For the system of blocks shown, determine
the weight of block B so that it will start to move
downward.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 3: The coefficient of friction is 0.20 between the rope and
the fixed drum and between all surfaces in contact. Determine the
minimum weight w to prevent downward motion of 1000 lb body.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Consθyider the 1000 lb block:
CENTROIDS AND CENTERS
OF GRAVITY
CENTROIDS AND
CENTERS OF GRAVITY
Locations of Centroids for regular shape are:
CENTROIDS AND
CENTERS OF GRAVITY
Locations of Centroids for regular shape are:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: For the composite area shown, locate the
centroids with respect to reference x and y axes. All
labels should be in mm.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: Locate and for the composite area shaded
as shown. All labels should be in inches.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 3: A homogeneous slender wire is bent as
shown. Locate the center of gravity from reference
axes.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 4: The semi-circular port of the line lies in the
xy plane. Determine the location of the centroid of the
wire from the reference xy, yz and xz plane.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
MOMENT OF INERTIA
MOMENT OF INERTIA
This is also called as second moment of area.
Moment of Inertia of Regular Shape Areas:
MOMENT OF INERTIA

Moment of Inertia of Regular Shape Areas:

CENTROIDS AND
CENTERS OF GRAVITY
Moment of Inertia of Regular Shape Areas:
CENTROIDS AND
CENTERS OF GRAVITY
For composite areas, use the Transfer Formula
(Parallel area theory)

Ix = Ixc + Ad²
Iy = Iyc + Ad²

Where:
Ix = moment of inertia taken about any axis (mm 4, in4)
Ixc = moment of inertia about centroidal axis (mm 4, in4)
A = area (mm², in²)
d = distance from the centroid to the axis where moment of
inertia is to be taken (mm, in)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1: For the composite area shown, calculate
the moment of inertia about x, x1, y, and y1 axes.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req'd: Ix, Ix1, Iy, Iy1

Solution:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 2: For the composite area shown, calculate
the centroidal moment of inertia (Ixc, Iyc).
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
Req'd: Ixc, Iyc

Solution:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS: