P4-chapter4

3-partial fraction 展开
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2. Given that

4( x 2 + 6) A B C
≡ + +
(1 − 2 x)(2 + x) 2
(1 − 2 x) (2 + x) (2 + x) 2

(a) find the values of the constants A and C and show that B = 0
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion of

4( x 2 + 6) 1
, |x | <
(1 − 2 x)(2 + x) 2 2

in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x2, simplifying each term.
(5)
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4
*P44970A0444*
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2(a) 4( x 2  6)  A (2  x ) 2  B (1  2 x )(2  x )  C (1  2 x ) M1
Way 1 Let x  2  40  5C  C  8 dM1
1
Let x   25  6.25 A  A  4 A  4, C  8 A1
2
Compare constants / terms in x or substitute another value of x into identity
A1* (4)
and conclude that B = 0 e.g. 24  4 A  2 B  C  B  0 *
Way 2
4( x 2  6)  A (2  x ) 2  B (1  2 x )(2  x )  C (1  2 x ) M1
(a)
Compare x 2 : so 4  A  2 B , x : so 0  4 A  3 B  2 C ,
dM1
constants: so 24  4 A  2 B  C
So A  4, C  8 , and B = 0* A1, A1
4  x2  6
 
2
Way 1 1 x
 4(1  2 x ) 1  8(2  x ) 2  4(1  2 x ) 1  8  2 1  B1 ft
(b) (1  2 x )(2  x ) 2
2 2

  
2
 ( 1)( 2)( 2 x ) 2  x ( 2)( 3) x
See ...  1  ( 1)( 2 x )   or ...  1  ( 2)   M1
 2!   2 2! 2 

  
2
 ( 1)( 2)( 2 x )  2
x ( 2)( 3) x
...  1  ( 1)( 2 x )   and ...  1  ( 2)   A1
 2!   2 2! 2 


 4(1  2 x  4 x 2  ..)  2 1  x  x 2
3
4 35
 6  6 x  x2
2
dM1A1
(5)
4  x  6
2 2
1 x
 4  x 2  6   (1  2 x ) 1  2 1  
Way 2
Or B1
(b) (1  2 x )(2  x ) 2
2  2

  
2
 ( 1)( 2)( 2 x ) 2  x ( 2)( 3) x
See ...  1  ( 1)( 2 x )   or ...  1  ( 2)   M1
 2!   2 2! 2 

  
2
 ( 1)( 2)( 2 x ) 
2
x ( 2)( 3) x
...  1  ( 1)( 2 x )   and ...  1  ( 2)   A1
 2!   2 2! 2 

 4( x 2  6)(1  2 x  4 x 2  ..) 
1
4 3
 35
1  x  x2  6  6 x  x2
4 2
dM1A1
(5)
( 9 marks)
 Notes for question 2

(a) M1 Uses correct form 4( x 2  6)  A (2  x ) 2  B (1  2 x )(2  x )  C (1  2 x ) allow sign errors.

dM1 Uses correct method, either substitution or equating coefficients of terms to find at least one
constant (see Way 1 and Way 2 above)
A1 Both A  4, C  8 (Correct answers with no working (cover up rule) imply M1M1A1)

A1* This needs a method as the answer is given and needs to conclude that B = 0.
For method: May compare constants i.e. 24 = 4A + 2B + C with A = 4 and C = 8,
or terms in x i.e. 0 = 4A – 3B – 2C with A = 4 and C = 8,
or term in x 2 : so 4  A  2 B with A = 4
or substitute another value for x such as x = 0 or x = 1 …with A = 4 and C = 8.

(b) Way 1

 
2
1 x
B1ft Writes their expression in the form A (1  2 x ) 1  C  1 ft on values of A and C .
2 2
2
There should be no B term.
(This may be awarded for writing or using A (1  2 x ) 1  C (2  x ) 2 and writing

 
2
1 x
separately in their solution C (2  x ) 2  C  1 ) This could appear in the
2 2
2
binomial expansions.
M1 Uses the binomial expansion correctly for one expansion, with power of 2 outside the second
bracket ignored. Allow missing brackets for this mark. Ignore constants outside the bracket
for this method mark. One completely correct expansion in the bracket
A1 ‘Both’ expansions in the brackets correct and unsimplified. Can be awarded for the two
completely correct expansions in the brackets without mention of “A” and /or “C” or adding
and with power of 2 outside the second bracket ignored.
dM1 Multiplies out brackets and collects terms. Dependent upon previous M mark. Allow
sign slips.
35 2
A1 6  6x  x . May be written as list or in reverse order. Implies previous M mark.
2
Way 2
4  x2  6
2
  1 1 x
B1 Writes  4 x  6  (1  2 x )  1   . This could be given after
2

(1  2 x )(2  x ) 2 4 2
the two binomial expansions. (It may be awarded for writing

 
2
1 x
4  x 2  6   (1  2 x )1   2  x 
2
and writing separately (2  x ) 2  1 )
2 2
2
M1A1: Follow the scheme and the notes for Way 1

dM1 Must multiply out three brackets for this method

35 2
A1 6  6x  x . May be written as list or in reverse order. Implies previous M mark.
2

( 2)( 3) 4
N.B. (2  x ) 2  2 2  ( 2)2 3 ( x )  2 ( x ) 2  ..  ( 14  14 x  163 x 2 ) is an alternative
2!
correct expansion and implies the B1 mark as well as contributing to the M1(one correct
expansion) A1 (two correct expansions)
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9 + 11x
3. (a) Express in partial fractions.
(1 − x )(3 + 2 x ) (3)

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(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion of

9 + 11x , x 1
(1 − x )(3 + 2 x )

in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x3.

Give each coefficient as a simplified fraction.
(6)
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6
*P48325A0648*
 Scheme Marks
Qu

9  11x A B and attempt to find A or B

3(a)   M1
(1  x)(3  2 x) 1  x 3  2 x
A1, A1
A = 4 , B = 3
(3)

(b)
(1  x)1  1  x  x2  x3  ...
B1

1   2   1 2   2   1 2  3  2  

2 3

(3  2 x) 1   1   1  x    x    x  ...  B1 M1
3  3  2 3  6  3  

Attempts '4' .....  ' 3' (.....) M1

14 32 116 3 A1, A1
 3 x  x2  x ...
3 9 27 (6)
(9 marks)
(a)
M1: For expression in markscheme or 9 + 11 x = A (3+2x) + B (1 – x) and use of substitution or comparison of
coefficients in an attempt to find A or B (Condone slips on the terms)
A1: One correct value (this implies the M1)
A1: Both correct values (attached to the correct fraction).
You do not explicitly need to see the expression rewritten in PF form.
(b)
1
B1: Correct expansion (1  x)  1  x  x  x  ... with or without working. Must be simplified
2 3

1 1
B1: For taking out a factor of 3 1 Evidence would be seeing either 3 or before the bracket or could be
3
1
implied by the candidate multiplying their B by .
3
M1: For the form of the binomial expansion with n  1 and a term of   2 x  .
 3 

To score M1 it is sufficient to see just any two terms of the expansion. eg. 1  ....  
1 2   2 
2

 x
2  3 
M1: Attempts to combine the two series expansions. Condone slips on signs but there must have been some
attempt to combine terms (at least once) and to use both their coefficients
A1: Two terms correct which may be unsimplified.
A1: All four terms correct. (cao) Could be mixed number fraction form. ISW after a correct answer

Alternative use of binomial in line 2 of scheme: ie. 31  (1)(3)2 (2 x)

1
B1: For seeing either 31 or as the first term
3
M1: It is sufficient to see just the first two terms (unsimplified) then marks as before

1 1
Way 2: Otherwise method: Use of (9  11x)(1  x) (3  2 x) : B1 B1 M1 : as before
Then M1: Attempt to multiply three brackets and obtain 3 + .. A1: two terms correct A1: All four correct
  
1
Way 3: Use of  9  11x  3  x  2 x 2 or alternatives is less likely – send to review

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2. Given that
3x 2 + 4 x − 7 B C
≡ A+ +

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( x + 1) ( x − 3) x +1 x − 3

(a) find the values of the constants A, B and C.

(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion of

3x 2 + 4 x − 7
      ½ x ½ < 1
( x + 1) ( x − 3)
in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x2

Give each coefficient as a simplified fraction.

(6)
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6
*P54948A0652*
Question
Number Scheme Notes Marks

2 3x 2 + 4 x − 7 B C
≡ A+ +
( x + 1)( x − 3) x +1 x − 3
(a) Must be clearly identified as the value
A=3 of A. (May be implied by their partial B1
fractions)
3x 2 + 4 x − 7= A ( x + 1)( x − 3) + B ( x − 3) + C ( x + 1)
And then expands and compares coefficients or substitutes values of x leading to a
value for B or C
Or
"10 x + 2"
3x 2 + 4 x − 7 ÷ ( x + 1)( x − 3) =3 +
( x + 1)( x − 3) M1
⇒ 10 x + 2= B ( x − 3) + C ( x + 1)
And then expands and compares coefficients or substitutes values of x leading to a
value for B or C
A correct method may be implied by correct values provided no incorrect work is
seen
= B 2= or C 8 One of B or C correct A1
= B 2= and C 8 Both B and C correct A1
(4)
 (b) If correct values for A, B and C are obtained by an incorrect method in part (a),
Way 1 allow a full recovery in (b)
Attempts to expand (1 + x ) .
−1
1
= (1 + x ) = (1 − x + x 2 ...)
−1
Look for 1 + a correct simplified or M1
x +1
unsimplified second or third term.
−1
1 1 1 
−1 = − 1 − x  . Takes out a
1 1 1  x −3 3 3 
− (3 − x ) =
−1
= − 1 − x  B1
x −3 3 3  correct factor including the minus sign
and a correct bracket.
−1
 1 
−1 Attempts to expand 1 ± x  . Look
 1  1 1  3 
1 − x  =+
1 x + x 2 ... M1
 3  3 9 for 1 + a correct simplified or
unsimplified second or third term.
Note

− ( 3 − x ) can be expanded as −  3−1 + ( −1) 3−2 ( − x ) +
−1 ( −1)( −2 ) 3−3 − x 2 + ... 
( ) 
 2! 
nd rd
Score B1 for −3 as the first term and M1 for correct attempt at the 2 or 3 term
−1

or
 x   −1  x 
−1 −1
1
can be expanded as ( x − 3) = 3−1  − 1 =
−1
 3  − 1 +  
x −3  3    3  
 −1( −2 ) 
2
−2  x  −3  x 
= 3−1  −1 − ( −1)   + ( −1)   + ... 
 3 2 3 
 
Score B1 for −3 as the first term and M1 for correct attempt at the 2nd or 3rd term
−1

3x 2 + 4 x − 7 8 1 1 
≈ ( 3 + ) 2 (1 − x + x 2 ) − 1 + x + x 2 
( x + 1)( x − 3) 3 3 9 
M1
Combines using their expansions and at least their B and C (so allow if they
forget/don’t add their A)
7 26 46 2 Any 2 correct terms A1
=− x+ x
3 9 27 All terms correct A1
1 7 8 26 19 46
Allow 2 for , −2 for − , 1 for
3 3 9 9 27 27
(6)
Total 10

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3.
2 x 2 + 21 1
f ( x) = x <
(1 − 4 x)(3 + x) 2 4

Given that
A B C
f ( x) = + +
(1 − 4 x) (3 + x) 2
(3 + x)
where A, B and C are constants,

(a) (i) find the value of A and the value of B,

show that C = 0
(ii)
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion of f (x) in ascending powers of x, up to
and including the term in x2. Give each coefficient as a fully simplified fraction.
(6)
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6
*P65791A0652*
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2 x 2 + 21 A B C 1
3. f ( x)
= 2
≡ + 2
+ ; x <
(1 − 4 x)(3 + x) (1 − 4 x) (3 + x) (3 + x) 4
(a) (i) =A 2,=
B 3 B1 B1
2 x 2 + 21 ≡ A(3 + x) 2 + B (1 − 4 x) + C (1 − 4 x)(3 + x)
M1
(a) (ii) x =− 3 ⇒ 39 =13B ⇒ B =3
2
1 1  1 169 169
x = ⇒ 21 =  3  A ⇒ = A⇒ A=2
4 8  4 8 16
A1*
Eg Compare x 2 : 2 =A − 4C ⇒ 2 =2 − 4C ⇒ C =0
[4]
2 x 2 + 21 2 3
(b) f ( x)
= 2
≡ +
(1 − 4 x)(3 + x) (1 − 4 x) (3 + x) 2
−2
3 1  B1 ft
=2(1 − 4 x) −1 + 1 + x 
9 3 

 1  
2
 (−1)(− 2) 2  1  (−2)(− 3)  1 
= {2}1 + (−1)(− 4 x) + (− 4 x) + ...  +   1 + (−2)  x  +  x  + ...  M1, A1
 2!  3  3  2!  3   A1

1 2 1 2 
= 2 (1 + 4 x + 16 x 2 + ...) + 1 − x + x + ... 
3 3 3 
7 70 289 2
=+ x + x + ... A1, A1
3 9 9
[6]
10
(a)(i)
B1 At least one of A = 2 or B = 3
B1 Both A = 2 and B = 3
(a)(ii)
M1 Writes down a correct identity and attempts to find the value of either one of A or B or C
This can be scored from 2 x 2 + 21 ≡ A(3 + x) 2 + B(1 − 4 x) + C (1 − 4 x)(3 + x) ⇒ A =
2
A1* Using a correct identity with a correct numerical equation to show that C = 0
(b)
−2 −2
their B their B  1  −2 their B their B  1 
B1ft 2
→ 1 + x  with the 3 processed. Condone sign slip 2
→ 1 − x 
(3 + x) 9  3  (3 − x) 9  3 
M1 Evidence of correct binomial structure for either a power of −1 or − 2 .
Evidence is the correct binomial coefficient with the correct power of x
Look for (1 ± *x ) = 1 ± ( −1) * x ±
( −1)( −2 ) * x 2 or 1 ± *x −2 = 1 ± −2 * x ± ( −2 )( −3) * x 2
( ) ( )
−1

2 2
−2
 1 
A1 Correct (un-simplified or simplified) expansion for at least one of either (1 − 4 x) −1
or 1 + x 
 3 
−2
 1 
A1 Correct (un-simplified or simplified) expansion for both (1 − 4 x) −1 and 1 + x 
3  
7 70 289 2
A1 Two of + x+ x Must be simplified.
3 9 9
ISW after sight of a correct answer.
7 70 289 2
A1 Correct simplified expansion up term in x2 + x+ x
3 9 9
If the candidate then multiplies by 9 this mark is withheld.