Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

3 NEEDS AND SIGNIFICANTS

4 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT WORLD:

4.1 Cyclical Unemployment

4.2 Frictional Unemployment

4.3 Structural Unemployment

5 CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT WORLD

6 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

7 REASON FOR UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

8 YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT WORLD

9 YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT INDIA.

10 INDIA UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

11 STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT

11.1 MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL GUARANTEE ACT 2005.

11.2 NATIONAL CAREER SERVICE SCHEME

12 SOLUTION OR REMEDIES.

13 FINDINGS

14 CONCLUSION

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY

16 DOWNLOAD PDF OF THE PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

Unemployment is a phenomenon that occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment
is unable to find work, i.e., the Unemployment rate is the per cent of the labor force without work.
During the early days, there was not much unemployment because most people lived in villages
engaged in agriculture. The industrial civilization bought a change in the sphere of employment. It is
important to make economics project on unemployment for class 12 in cbse.

unemployment images for project

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
To know more about unemployment

To understand the history behind unemployment

To figure out the impact and causes of unemployment

To evaluate the current situation of unemployment

NEEDS AND SIGNIFICANTS

It is very significant to study unemployment. We will know more about our country and what population
of our country INDIA is employed. The best way to study contemporary employment situation in India is
through economics project on unemployment for CBSE class 12.

We will know the types of unemployment in our country like educated unemployment, which is very
common in urban areas. Many students who enrolled and post matriculated cannot find jobs, and this
leads to a waste of resources in our country. Other employed such as seasonal disagreed, which turns
the people into a liability rather than an asset of our country. While studying, we can conclude how to
stop this unemployment.

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT WORLD:

There are three major types of unemployment, and they are:

Cyclic Unemployment

Frictional unemployment

Structural unemployment.

Cyclical Unemployment

Over time, the economy experiences many ups and downs. That’s What we call cyclical unemployment
because it goes in cycles.

Cyclical unemployment occurs because of these cycles. When the economy enters a recession, many
jobs are lost, these are Cyclical unemployment.

Frictional Unemployment

Frictional unemployment occurs because of normal turnover in the market and the time it takes to find
new jobs for workers even if there are enough workers to satisfy every job opening, it takes time for
them to leer for the jobs.

Structural Unemployment

This occurs because of the absence of demand for a certain type of work. This typically happens when
there are mismatches between the skills employers want and the skills workers have. Major advances in
technology, as well as finding the lower costs of labour, leads to this type of unemployment.

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT WORLD

Population Explosion
Lack of vocational and technical education.

Rural areas leered people to migrate to cities for official jobs.

Many people are physically unfit for hard manual jobs.

Shyness toward factory jobs.

More preference for White collard jobs.

Many social negative impacts on reaction against specific jobs.

Lack of obsession with labour, in under industrialized areas.

Lack of vocational education results in backwardness in technical skills required for jobs.

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

We know that the situation in which the person is capable of working both physically and mentally at
the existing wage rate, but does not have a job is unemployment.

Types:

Open unemployment

Cyclical unemployment

Seasonal unemployment

Educated unemployment

Technological unemployment

Open unemployment: This situation is wherein a labour force does not have a job that may yield them a
regular income. This can be counted in the number of unemployed persons. The labour force expands
faster than the rate of the economy. So, all people do not get gob.

Cyclical Unemployment: It is caused by trade cycles at regular intervals. Generally, the ups and downs in
the business activities result in this unemployment.

Seasonal Unemployment: It is the unemployment that occurs during certain seasons of the year. In
some industries like holiday resorts, agriculture, i.e., factories, etc. production activities take place only
in some seasons. So, they offer employment only for some period of a year. People engaged in such
types of activities remain during the off-seasons.

Educated Unemployment: Among the educated people, apart from open unemployment, they are
unemployed because their qualifications do not match the job. The faulty education system, moss
output, preference for white collared jobs, lack of employment skills, salary arguments, etc. are reasons
for unemployment among youth who are educated in India.

Technological unemployment: It is the result of a certain development in technology. The production

sectors, which may not need many laborers, are the cause. Modern technology leering capital intensive
requires fewer labourers and contributes to this kind of unemployment.
REASON FOR UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

Though many reasons led to the problem of unemployment in India, some are:

Increased Population

Education System

Lack of interest in the industrial sector

Preference to experienced.

Increased Population: Due to an increase in population, people could not be able to get a job as various
applicants apply for the same job.

Education System: Lack of vocational education, Ineffective and low-quality education system providing
only theoretical knowledge is one of the causes.

Lack of interaction in the industrial sector: Most of the Indian youth show interest in profitable white
collared jobs and refuse to work in industrial sectors.

Preference for experience: Criteria for selecting candidates with having an experience rather than
freshers leads to unemployment

YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT WORLD

Youth unemployment is the unemployment defined by young people who are jobless between 15-and
24 years old, UN.

To qualify as unemployed, the individual must be without employment, willing and able to work, and
actively searching for a job.

Youth unemployment rates tend to be higher than the adult unemployment rate in every country in the
world.

YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT INDIA.

The youth unemployment rate was around 10 per cent in 2005. But they haven’t reliably reported
statistics to the UN over the years. However, there has been an increase in young adults remaining in
school and getting an additional degree because there aren’t employment opportunities. They are called
the phenomenon of time passing because the young are simply passing the time in college while waiting
for a paid employed job.

INDIA UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

unemployment images for project

The unemployment rate in India decreased by 4.90 per cent in 2017 from 5.20 per cent in 2016. The
unemployment rate in India averaged 7.32 per cent from 1983 until 2017. Reached an all-time high of
8.40 per cent in 2012 and a record low in 2017 at 4.90.

STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT

MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL GUARANTEE ACT 2005.

NATIONAL CAREER SERVICE SCHEME.

MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL GUARANTEE ACT 2005.

The Government of India has taken several steps to decrease the unemployment rate, like launching
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Guarantee Scheme, which guarantees 100-day employment to an
unemployed person during a year. It has been implemented in 200 districts. The remuneration for this
work is 150 per day.

The Government of India published a weekly newspaper titled “Employment News.” It comes every
Saturday evening, revealing the information about vacancies in government jobs across India.

NATIONAL CAREER SERVICE SCHEME

contemporary employment situation in india

The Government of India has initiated the National Career Service scheme through a web portal named
the national career service portal (www.ncs.gov.in) has been launched by the ministry of labor and
employment (India). Through this portal, employees can avail the facility of a common platform for
updating job information Private as well as government job data are available in the portal.

Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (REGP)

This program aims at creating employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. Under this
program, one can get financial assistance in the form of bank loans to set up an enterprise that
generates employment.

Prime Minister’s Rosyar Yojana (PMRY).

Educated employment from low-income families in rural and urban can get financial health setup and
enterprise that generates employment under PMRY. It generates employment by setting up a 1 lakh
micro-enterprise during the 3rd plan.

Swarna Jayanthi Gramin Share

Rozgar Yojana (STSRY)

It mainly aims at creating employment opportunities for both employment and wage employment in
urban areas. The cost of the program between the central and the state is in the ratio of 75:25.

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY).

This was launched in September 2001. The aim is to provide wage employment to poor, unskilled
workers. In rural areas and this program encourages labour-intensive work among the rural people who
are willing to render manual or unskilled services — the cost of the program is sharsharedthe central
and state.

HOW TO RECOVER FROM THIS PROBLEM.

To overcome this situation of unemployment in India, various can find out some of these are:
The population should be controlled in a manner to provide more job opportunities for limited people.

The education system should be more advanced and technical.

The government should focus on every sector, especially such as in agriculture so that people should not
be forced to move from rural to urban areas.

The development of rural areas is required to avoid migration.

SOLUTION OR REMEDIES.

The problem of unemployment for an immediate solution is not very easy to solve.

Only if sincere attempts are made problems may be solved timely.

Population explosion is one of the most important factors of the present unemployment problem.

More vocational sectors must be opened. So that young can be trained and could fit for any Jobs.

The government should try for rapid industrialization is under industrialized regions for the country and
provide more opportunities.

The village and cottage industry should be developed so that more opportunities are provided and to
reduce migration from rural areas to cities in search of jobs.

FINDINGS

By completing this project, I came to know that unemployment affects the country’s overall income.

Through completing this project, I can understand that industrialization can affect unemployment
positively as well as negatively.

Lack of skills is also an important cause of unemployment.

The primary reason for unemployment is the lack of technical education and the interest of youth
towards white collared jobs.

Doing this project gives me more awareness of the effects, measures, causes, etc. on unemployment.

CONCLUSION

We should keep in mind that self-help is the best help. We must admit the bitter fact that no
government can provide jobs to all unemployed youth. More government measures cannot solve such
an enormous problem. Still, the government should adopt measures to create opportunities for self-
employment. Promoting jobs for self may be preventing unemployment from limiting. This is the
conclusion for economics project class 12 topic unemployment in india.