7.

4 Harmonic sets
(1st slide) Let’s review quadrangular set,

Quadrangular set of six collinear points

Quadrangular set of five collinear points

Notation: Q (ABC, DEF)

(2nd slide)

When the line intersects in two diagonal points

consisting four collinear points.

This is a special case of quadrangular angle.

This introduces harmonic sets.

Definition: A harmonic set of points, or a harmonic

range, is a set of four collinear points consisting four
points of intersection of the sides of a complete
quadrangle with a line passing through diagonal
points.

(3rd slide)

Notation: H (AB, CF); or H (AB, FC); or H (BA, CF); or H(BA,

FC); or (AA)(BB)(CF)

Where: F is the harmonic conjugate of C with respect to

A and B; or, C is the harmonic conjugate of F with
respect to F

(4th slide)
Theorem: Each point of the quadrangular set is
uniquely determined by the remaining points.

Ex: Draw a triangle QRS whose sides QR, QS, RS, pass
through A,B,C. We can construct point P from the
intersection of AS and BR, also, point F which is the
intersection of line g and QP
(5th slide)

Theorem: If A,B,C are all distinct, the relation H(AB, CF)

implies that F is distinct from C.

Bec. Acc. to axiom 7 (projective geometry) the three

diagonal points of a complete quadrangle are never
collinear. -- it follows that there must be four distinct
points on every lines (AB, CF).