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Q2 Phil. Politics & Governance 12 Module 1
Q2 Phil. Politics & Governance 12 Module 1
Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Philippine Judiciary
(Roles and Responsibilities)
PhilippinePolitics and Governance– Grade 12
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Philippine Judiciary (Roles and Responsibilities)
First Edition, 2020
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E-mail Address:davao.city@deped.gov.ph
Senior High School
Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2– Module 1:
Philippine Judiciary
(Roles and Responsibilities)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
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Let Us Learn
This material was designed and written with you in mind. It is here
to help you master the Philippine Judiciary (Roles and Responsibilities).
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.
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Let Us Try
Directions: Find and encircle the words that are hidden in the grid.
The words may be hidden in any direction. Below are the words:
Legal Government
Constitution Authority
Democracy Court
Judge Supreme court
Power Case
a c o n s t i t u t i o n
u d f t t h i o p s s t p
t c o n s t i t f e e l o
h s e r j u d g e i o n w
o s e r d u d i c i a l e
r f t n e m n r e v o g r
i d t o m m o r r o d q w
t t r u o c c o m u n a a
y r a i c i d u j t e r m
b s u p r e m e c o u r t
x x m k a l o i a e e d g
r v e r c t y l s r b s u
w a n d y t t l e g a l o
Now, you have to select three words that appeal to you most and write its
meaning.
Word Meaning
1.
2.
3.
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Let Us Study
Introduction
The Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and of all lower
courts. To give light, Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and
judicial power is the power to apply the laws to congress or disputes
concerning legally organized rights and duties between the cases and private
persons, or to individual litigants in cases properly brought before judicial
tribunals(Bernas,2015).
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First, we have to identify the safeguards embedded in the
Constitution. These are the following:
8. The members of the Supreme Court and all lower courts have
security of tenure, which cannot be undermined by a law
reorganizing the judiciary (Art.VIII,sec.11)
13. Only the Supreme Court may order the temporary detail of
judges(Art.VIII,sec.5(3)).
14. The Supreme Court can appoint all officials and employees of
the judiciary (Art.VIII,sec.5(6)).
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The Judicial System in the Philippines
https://geekrepublik.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/branches-of-government-21-728.jpg
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Powers of the Supreme Court
Definition of Terms
Certiorari - an extraordinary writ issued by a superior court (as the
Supreme Court) to call up the records of a particular case from an
inferior judicial body (as a Court of Appeals) — compare appeal.
Ex. If the petitioner is not contented with the decision from the lower
court, for review or in appeal ,the SC can call up records of a particular
case from the lower court.
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2. Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari as the law
or the Rules of Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower
courts in:
5. Appoint all officials and employees of the Judiciary in accordance with the Civil Service
Law.
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Source:https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EdIkXAKUMAAVDb0.jpg
Qualifications to become the member of the Supreme Court and any lower
collegiate court.
➢ He/she must be a natural born citizen of the Philippines
➢ Must be a 40 years of age
➢ Must have,for 15 years or more, been a judge of a lower court or
engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines.
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In rendering Court Decisions, this decision and opinion is certified by the
Chief Justice and served on the parties concerned. Moreover, dissentions
and absentions must be expired hence, the view must explain the facts of
the law.
Regular Courts
The Court of Appeals shall also have the power to try cases and conduct
hearings, receive evidence and perform acts necessary to resolve factual
issues raised in cases falling within its original and appeallate jurisdiction,
including the power to grant and conduct new trials or proceedings.
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The Court of Tax Appeals Hukuman ng Apelasyon sa Buwis
is the special court of limited jurisdiction, and has the same
level with the Court of Appeals. The court consists of 8
Associate Justices and 1 Presiding Justice.
This court has an exclusive jurisdiction over tax
appealed by private citizens and commercial firms who
protect the amount of tax imposed.
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Shari'ah courts in the country are under supervision of
the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Shari'ah courts in
the Philippines has jurisdiction over Muslim-majority
Bangsamoro as well as other parts of Mindanao outside the
autonomous region.
A Sharia Court of Appeal of a State shall exercise appellate
and supervisory jurisdiction in civil proceedings involving
questions of Islamic law. To the governments of all sharia states: Support
to Sharia Courts should be increased. They handle most of the litigation in
these states, especially for the poor.
Quasi-Judicial Courts
The Department of Justice (DOJ) pursues its mandate through its agencies.
These are the following:
1. BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
2. BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION
3. NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
4. PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION
5. PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOOD GOVERNMENT
6. PUBLIC ATTORNEY'S OFFICE
7. OFFICE FOR ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
8. OFFICE OF THE GOVERNMENT CORPORATE COUNSEL
9. OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL
10. LAND REGISTRATION AUTHORITY
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Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
Bureau of Immigration
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Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
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development.
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Land Registration Authority (LRA)
Let Us Practice
Write a description about each court under the Judicial Branch of the
government. Write also the the difference between the two special courts.
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Let Us Practice More
Let Us Remember
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✓ 3 Parts of Judicial Branch. The Judiciary is made up of courts -
- Supreme, Circuit, the magistrate (local) and municipal (city)
courts.
✓ “What would happen if we do not have judicial branch of
government?”
Without the judicial branch of our government
there would be no way to force the legislative and
executive branches to uphold and abide by the Constitution.
Disputes and controversies may not be resolved hence the
resolution may not be enforced.
Moreso, if there had been no judiciary, then the rights of
the individuals might not have been conserved.
People would have faced partiality, humiliation, discrimination,
violence in every field.
Lastly, the judicial branch impacts us because it
protects us from laws that might violate the Constitution.
Hence, it will also determine what the punishment is for a
person who broke the law.
Let Us Assess
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper
.
1. What constitution that grants Judicial power to Judicial branch of
the Philippine Government?
a. 1987 Philippine Constituion, Article VII
b. 1987 Philippine Constituion, Article VIII
c. 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VI
d. 1987 Philippine Constitution ,Article V
2. What kind of power that is given to the courts under the
Constitution?
a. Judicial Power c. Penalty Power
b. Execution Power d.Interpretaion Power
3. May the Congress increase or decrease the composition of the
Supreme Court?
a. Yes, they can make a resolution.
b. Yes, they can pass a bill.
c. No, the power is embedded in the constitution.
d. No, the Judicial Bar and Council will decided.
4. How many members does the Supreme Court have?
a. 15 b. 14 c. 3 d. 5
5. Who appointed the Supreme Court Chief Justice?
a. Congress c. President of the
State
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b. Commission on Appointments d. Senate
6. What is the compulsory retirement age of the Members of the
Judiciary?
a. 65 yrs.old c. 70 yrs. old
b. 60 yrs.old d. 75 yrs.old
7. May the ombudsman investigate irregularities in the performance
of a judge independently of any administrative action taken by the
Supreme Court?
a. No, only the Supreme Court can discipline judges.
b. Yes, since the power of Ombudsman is to investigate public
officials.
c. No, they have no authority over judges.
d. Yes, the constitution says so.
8. What court should Tax cases be heard?
a. Court of Appeals c. Supreme Court
b.Court of Tax Appeals d. Regional Trial Court
9. It is known as the second highest court in the land.
a. Supreme Court c. Court of Appeals
b. Regional Trial Court d. Sandiganbayan
10. It has the jurisdiction over Muslim-majority cases.
a. Saranhe Court c.Sayonara Court
b. Shari'ah Court d. Sarangani Court
11. Who is the present Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
a. CJ Diaosdado Peralta c. CJ Antonio Carpio
b. CJ Renato Corona d. CJ Lucas Bersamin
12. James is accused of rape by his neighbor Layla. Under the law, the
accused have the right to have counsel to provide legal services.
What quasi judicial branch would provide James legal services?
a. Office of the Solicitor General
b. Public Attorney’s Office
c. Office Of The Government Corporate Counsel
d. National Bureau Of Investigation
13. It is tasked to nominate appointees to the Judiciary Corporation.
a. Judicial Power c. Council of Judicial Boiard
b. Judicial Bar Council d. Judicial Corporation
14. All are quasi-judicial courts EXCEPT:
a. RTC c. NBI
b. PCGG d. BUCOR
15. Bellie caught shoplifting, a petty theft, in 7/11 Convenient store.
What court has a jurisdiction over the case?
a. RTC c. CA
b.MTC d.SC
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Let Us Enhance
Let Us Reflect
In this module, you have learned about the Judiciary system of our
country. Now, you know the functions of the judiciary system and how this
system works to address legal issues in our country.
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Answer key to Activities
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References
Websites:
https://www.doj.gov.ph/agencies.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-judicial_body
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EdIkXAKUMAAVDb0.jpg
https://geekrepublik.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/branches-of-
government-21-728.jpg
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur
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