Gestation 

is the period during which a woman carries future seed inside her body, from fertilization to birth. It's

a unique and critical stage of life during which expansive anatomical, physiological, biochemical and
several other affiliated changes take place. Motherly existent, inheritable and environmental factors determine whether
this dynamic change ends with healthy or adverse issues.

A healthy diet is an important part of a healthy life at any time, but especially vital for pregnant; Healthy eating

keeps pregnant feeling good and gives baby the essential nutrients they need in the womb.

There's substantiation to show that perfecting salutary quality for the mama increases fetal growth.

It's thus important for the diet to be varied to adequately give the needed nutrients and forestall motherly malnutrition
which impacts the health of the mama and may lead to mortality.

 Eating a nutritional diet during gestation is linked to good brain development and a healthy birth weight, and

can reduce the threat of numerous birth blights. A balanced diet will also reduce the pitfalls of anemia,
as well as other unwelcome gestation symptoms similar as fatigue and morning sickness; a well-balanced gestation diet
includes protein, vitamin c, calcium, fruit and vegetables whole grain, iron, rich food, acceptable fat, folic acid
and other nutrients like chlorine.

During gestation, poor diets lacking in crucial nutrients – like iodine, iron, foliate, calcium and zinc –
can beget anaemia,pre-eclampsia, haemorrhage and death in maters. They
can also lead to birth, low birthweight, wasting and experimental detainments for children. UNICEF estimates
that low birth weight affects further than 20 million babe every time

Worldwide, women’s diets are told by colorful factors, especially food access and affordability, gender inequality

and social and artistic morals that may constrain women’s capability to make opinions about their nutrition and care.

Statement of the problem

Malnutrition in every form presents a significant and complex problem across the world (5). Moment the world faces

a double burden of malnutrition that includes both undernutrition and fat, especially in low-and middle  income countries
. Studies showed that nutrition during gestation was the single most significant factor prognosticating preterm birth,
intrauterine growth restriction, reproductive loss through bearings and factor for the threat of giving birth to low birth
weight babies. Generally, utmost of the women in corridor ofsub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, enter gestation with
poor nutrition status (Potdar, 2014).

Motherly undernutrition in low and middle- income countries causes further than3.5 million motherly and under-five
children to death and permanently impaired by the physical and internal goods of a poor salutary input in the foremost
months of life (7). It also contributes to neonatal deaths annually and suppressing, wasting, and micronutrient scarcities
are estimated to beget nearly3.1 million child deaths annually (8).

Maintaining good nutrition and a healthy diet during gestation is essential for the health of both the mama and her child (9).
Motherly malnutrition during gestation increases the threat of gravid anemia, dammed labor, postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia,
eliveries, and fetal deaths during gestation, preterm delivery, and motherly mortality (10).

For the invigorated, it can beget low birth weight, birth, birth asphyxia, preterm birth, neonatal death, and fetal intrauterine
rowth deceleration that may have long- life consequences on invigorated development (11). Good motherly nutrition before, during,
nd between gravidity could avoid health problems like threat of fetal and infant mortality, intrauterine growth deceleration, low birth
eight, unseasonable births, birth blights, cretinism, poor brain development, and threat of infection (12).
 Ethiopia is one of the developing nations with a high burden of motherly and child undernutrition. A systemic review and meta-
nalysis which was done from 2008 up to 2018, from African pregnant women23.5 were glutted, the pooled frequence of malnutrition
as advanced in Ethiopia that was 26 (13).

The 2018 Ethiopian demographic and health check (EDHS) report indicates that 22 of women's reproductive periods were
ndernourished, while 8 are fat or fat and 29 were anemic in addition to the frequence of undernutrition in the Amhara region is22.9
4). A study in the pastoral corridor of Ethiopia showed that; poor salutary practice during gestation increases the threat of motherly
nemia by twofold, low birth weight by 4 – 7 fold, and preterm delivery by 2 fold when compared with good salutary practice (15).

To relieve the burden of undernutrition; the government of Ethiopia has placed programs and enterprise with set targets and the
ublic nutrition program was also launched in 2008 (16). Still, motherly undernutrition remains a major public health concern.

In Ethiopia numerous studies have concentrated on nutritive status of pregnant women. Harmonious substantiation about
thiopian’s women salutary practice is lacking. Taking into consideration salutary practice that continue to do throughout gestation, it'll
e instructional to probe and identify the salutary practice that do among Ethiopian pregnant women and reasons associated with the
alutary practice, to give sufficient data for policy makers and planers in advising pregnant women on salutary practice and food input.
hus, this study aimed to probe salutary practice and associated factors of women during their gestation.

Literature

Dietary practice

Salutary practice is largely told by prohibitions of certain quantum and kind of foods or drinks that are subordinated to certain
eriod of a women’s life similar as menarche, gestation and lactation (17). Substantially foods that are staple food in the area and that
re affordable are confined (18). Frequently protein foods, the stylish liked and most valued particulars are denied in all or part of
estation to women (19).

Magnitude of food restrictions ranged from 68 to 81 in Asian countries (20). Pregnant women in these areas circumscribe either
ne or accretive food particulars. This high position of frequence may be due to the reason that there are strong enforcement medium
hrough their maters, mama in laws and other neighbors to cleave to the artistic believes (21).

In Africa the frequence is about 37 and43.8 in Nigeria and Sudan ( (22), (23)). The after frequence is a little advanced since it wasn't
nly due to food restriction. The alternate frequence was a little advanced since there were other reasons for avoiding certain foods
esides food restrictions or food taboos similar as morning sickness, nausea, puking and mislike. Thus only35.9 pregnant women abstain
om eating some type of food for community reason (23).

The frequence of food restriction in east Africa also ranged from 27 to 60. The smallest being in Ethiopia Hadiya zone followed by
hashemene with 27 and49.8 independently (24). The maturity (90) of women in Hadiya zone avoids beast foods similar as meat, milk
nd rubbish (25). The loftiest frequence was encountered in Kenya with 60 of the pregnant women practice to the most generally
voided foods in the area i.e. beast organs, meat and egg (12).

The Kenyan study showed a advanced frequence since it's for a accretive food item restriction unlike that of the Ethiopian studies
hich indicates for only avoidance of at least a single food item. In study done in northwestern Ethiopia have shown that generally,
aturity (60.7) of the study actors had poor salutary practices and the remaining39.3 of the study actors had good salutary practices
 6). And in other studies that are done in Ethiopia mizan tepi and mishan woreda southern Ethiopia have shown that The overall
agnitude of good salutary practice among pregnant women was25.1 (95 CI20.9,29.71) (28) and29.5 (29) independently.

Factors

In multivariate logistic retrogression analysis, the variables having TV/ radio (AOR = 4.2, 95 CI1.8,10.2), ménage food security (AOR
3.1, 95 CI1.0,9.9), good salutary knowledge (AOR = 4.1, 95 CI1.98,8.6), favorable salutary station (AOR = 4.34, 95 CI1.2,8.7), yearly
come of 1000 to 2000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 3.7, 95 CI) and> 2000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 7.0; 95 CI) were significantly associated with
ood salutary practice (28).

In multivariate logistic retrogression analysis, hubby income, power of radio, history of illness and salutary knowledge revealed
gnificant association with salutary practices (P<0.05). Those study actors whose misters earn 1000 – 2000 ETB per month were2.8
mes more likely to have good salutary practice than those earning lower than 1000 ETB (AOR = 2.84, 95CI,1.74,4.62) where as women
hose misters earn further than 2000 ETB were3.1 times more likely to have good salutary practice than those earning lower than 1000
TB (AOR = 3.12, 95 CI,1.743,5.586). The study actors who enjoy radio were3.17 times more likely to have good salutary practices than
heir counterparts (AOR = 3.17, 95CI,1.76,5.67). Relative to women endured illness; women who did n’t experience illness were1.7 times
ore likely to have good salutary practices (AOR = 1.73, 95 CI,1.17,2.56). The study actors who have good salutary knowledge were3.86
mes more likely to have good salutary practice than their counterparts (AOR = 3.86, 95 CI,1.91,4.29) (26).

Nutrition information, average yearly income, hubby occupation and age of pregnant woman were independent factors for good
alutary practice. Families with average yearly income lesser than birr (AOR = 15.50 at 95 CI3.89-61.78), pregnant maters whose age in
he rage of 27-35 time (AOR0.425 with 95 CI of0.193-0.938), pregnant maters who had no nutrition information (AOR0.020 with 95 CI
f0.006,0.069), and diurnal drudge hubby of pregnant maters (AOR0.058 with 95 CI,0.005-0.718) (27).

29.5 rehearsed good salutary practice. Educational status (AOR = 4.07 (2.13,9.18)), occupation (AOR = 5.32 (1.08,13.95)), salutary
nowledge (AOR = 7.2 (3.9,17.09)), and food pining (AOR = 2.07 (1.41,5.5)) were variables having a significant association with salutary
ractice (29).

1.4 Objects of the study

1.4.1 General objective

To assess the salutary practices associated factors of pregnant women in study area

1.4.2 Specific objects

• To explore salutary practices of pregnant women during gestation

• To identify the factors associated with salutary practice of pregnant women

1.3 Significance of the study

The findings from this study will give understanding on the salutary practice during gestation in which farther show factors
ffecting the salutary practice of pregnant woman which will be meaningful for farther interventions.
 The study will also contribute to the health system as a base for developing culturally applicable nutritive interventions and
rograms to promote healthy and balanced diet for women who are pregnant. It'll profit the community by furnishing information on
he common food restrictions in the area and as a base for health professionals to give focused nutritive comforting for pregnant
omen. This may latterly have impact on the health and nutritive status of maters, birth issues and long- term quality of life.

1.3 Significance of the study

The findings from this study will give understanding on the salutary practice during gestation in which farther show factors
ffecting the salutary practice of pregnant woman which will be meaningful for farther interventions.

The study will also contribute to the health system as a base for developing culturally applicable nutritive interventions and
rograms to promote healthy and balanced diet for women who are pregnant. It'll profit the community by furnishing information on
he common food restrictions in the area and as a base for health professionals to give focused nutritive comforting for pregnant
omen. This may latterly have impact on the health and nutritive status of maters, birth issues and long- term quality of life.