Binondo - Activity 2 Cells & Tissues.

MODULAR APPROACH FOR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY - CARMONA
Binondo, Kyla Mae B. HAP 3201L – Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab
BS PSY 3-1 Dr. Annie C. Gallardo
ACTIVITY 2
CELLS AND TISSUES
I. Introduction
All living matter are composed of a cell which is the smallest independently functioning
unit of a living organism. A human cell typically consists of flexible membranes that
enclose cytoplasm, a water-based cellular fluid together with a variety of tiny functioning
units called organelles.
On the other hand, tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function.
The human body has four fundamental types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular
and nervous.
Epithelial tissues are found in the lining, covering and glands of the body. These tissues
exhibit cellularity and perform protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion functions.
Connective tissue is the most abundant primary tissue in the body. It performs various
functions such as connecting body parts together, protecting the organs, providing a
framework for movement of muscles, serving as insulators, and acting as a liquid
medium for transporting substances throughout the body.
Muscular tissue functions for extensibility, elasticity, and contractility. The tissue is
characterized by being highly vascularized and innervated.
Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It consists of two principal
cell types: the neurons and the neuroglia. Neurons or nerve cells have the ability to react
to various stimuli. These stimuli are converted to nerve impulses which are then
conducted to other neurons.
II. Objectives
a. To describe the structure and function of a cell and its organelles
b. To summarize major events in the cell cycle
c. To identify the four fundamental types and function of tissues and its sub-types.
d. To identify the major structures of the tissues observed.
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III. Learning Platform

Supplementary materials for the cell and organelles:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAaTEjYmxso
• https://www.scientistcindy.com/cells.html
• https://pbslm-contrib.s3.amazonaws.com/WGBH/conv19/tdc02-int-
membraneweb/index.html
• https://histologyguide.org/slidebox/01-introduction.html#morphology
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urYJAPGUpuw
Supplementary materials for the different types of tissues:
• https://histology.medicine.umich.edu/full-slide-list
• https://www.uwlax.edu/biology/zoo-lab/lab-2--microscopy-and-the-study-of-tissues/
Virtual exercise on identifying the different types of tissues.
Epithelial Tissue
• https://www.kenhub.com/en/study/types-of-simple-epithelia
• https://histologyguide.com/slidebox/02-epithelium.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oe-Z9t0KBfU
Connective Tissue
• https://histologyguide.com/slidebox/03-connective-tissue.html
• https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/general-histology
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ec0PT0UQ_z
o Muscle Tissue
• https://histologyguide.org/slidebox/04-muscle-tissue.html.
• https://histologyguide.com/slidebox/03-connective-tissue.html.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7t-DGxG09l8
Nervous Tissue
• https://histologyguide.org/slidebox/06-nervous-tissue.html
• https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/general-histology#peripheral-nervous-tissue
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RS-3Ex04NU
IV. Materials
• Pencil, coloring materials, laptop
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• 2 pcs. Fresh eggs

• 500 ml or 2 cups of corn syrup or alternative (honey, maple syrup)
• 500 ml or 2 cups of vinegar
• weighing scale
• tape measure
V. Procedure
A. CELLS
Activity: Cell Membrane Transport
1. Record the mass and circumference of each egg at day 1. (Measure the circumference
around the widest part, not lengthwise.)
2. Put each egg in a container labeled Egg 1 and Egg 2. Pour in enough vinegar to cover the
egg. Cover the container. Let it sit for at least 24 hours.
3. Observe your eggs at Day 2. Observe what happened to the egg shell at Day 2. What do
you think causes it?
4. Rinse and dry each egg and measure the mass or circumference of each egg. Record your
results for Day 2.
5. Empty the vinegar from the container for Egg 1 and rinse the container. Put Egg 1 back in
the container and add water to cover the egg. Ensure that the egg is fully submerged in the
water for at least 24 hours.
6. Empty the vinegar from the container for Egg 2 and rinse the container. Put Egg 2 back in
the container and add corn syrup to cover the egg. Ensure that the egg is fully submerged
in the corn syrup for at least 24 hours.
7. For Day 3, compare and contrast the appearance of the egg that has been in water vs. the
egg that has been in corn syrup.
8. Rinse the corn syrup off of Egg 2. Dry each egg, and measure and record the mass or
circumference for Day 3.
9. Answer the laboratory worksheet.
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B. Virtual laboratory on transport across the red blood cell membrane

Red blood cells, like all cells are surrounded by a semipermeable plasma membrane. In this
experiment you will observe the fate of red blood cells in different solutions. When red blood cells
are placed in an isotonic solution, they are in equilibrium: they neither gain nor lose water. When
they are placed in a hypertonic solution, they will lose water and shrivel up. This process is called
crenation. When they are placed in a hypotonic solution, they gain so much water that they
eventually burst. This process is called hemolysis.
1. For the virtual experiment, watch the following video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urYJAPGUpuw
2. Answer the laboratory worksheet.
Slide A Slide B Slide C
Figure 1. Red blood cells observed under the microscope namely, Slide A, Slide B
and Slide C.
C. Virtual Simulation on Cells

1. Click the following link to proceed with the virtual simulation
https://histologyguide.org/slidebox/01-introduction.html.
2. Explore the provided slides.
B. TISSUES
A. Virtual Simulation on Epithelial Tissue
https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/general-histology#epithelial-tissue.
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2. Browse for the different types of epithelial tissue.

3. Watch the provided video and explore atlas.
4. Find and answer the practice quizzes.
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5. Click the following link to proceed with the virtual simulation 2:

https://histologyguide.com/slidebox/02-epithelium.html.
6. Browse for the different types of epithelial tissue.
7. Explore the virtual slides provided.
8. Identify the major structures of the cells in the tissues observed.
B. Virtual Simulation on Connective Tissue

https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/general-histology#connective-tissue
2. Browse for the different types of connective tissue.
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2: https://histologyguide.com/slidebox/03-connective-tissue.html.
6. Browse for the different types of connective tissue.
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C. Virtual Simulation on Muscle Tissue

https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/general-histology#muscle-tissue
2. Browse for the different types of muscle tissue.

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2: https://histologyguide.org/slidebox/04-muscle-tissue.html.
6. Browse for the different types of muscle tissue.

D. Virtual Simulation on Nervous Tissue

1.Click the following link to proceed with the virtual simulation 1:
2. Browse for the different types of nervous tissue.
https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/general-histology#peripheral-nervous-tissue
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2: https://histologyguide.org/slidebox/06-nervous-tissue.html
6. Browse for the different types of nervous tissue.
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Laboratory Worksheet
Name: Binondo, Kyla Mae B. Date Performed:

Yr/Blk: BS PSY 3-1 Professor: Dr Annie C. Gallardo
Group Number: 2 Rating:
A. Cell
1. Draw and label the different parts of a cell. Summarize the functions
of each structure.
Organelles Function
Nucleus It is called as the “control center of the cell” as it
regulates all cell activities. The nucleus also holds as well
as isolates the genetic information which is the
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for the cell.
Plasma Membrane Envelopes the cell and separates its interior from the
outer environment. It also monitors, regulates, and
controls the entry and exit of molecules into and out of
the cell.
Cytoplasm Fluid that fills the cell and is responsible for holding and
protecting the components of the cell.
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Endoplasmic It is a network of membranes inside a cell, and its main

Reticulum functions are to process and transport materials such as
proteins made by the cell’s ribosomes. It has two types
namely:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – site of lipid synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – has many ribosomes
attached; site of protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to collect

proteins, prepare them for transport and deliver these, as
well as vesicles, or packets of various cell products, to
different locations throughout the cell.
Lysosome Lysosomes are involved in degrading and recycling

cellular waste, cellular signaling and energy metabolism.
They also respond against foreign substances such as
bacteria, viruses and other antigens
Ribosome Ribosome play a crucial role in the cell as it is the site of

protein synthesis. Ribosomes are responsible for the
translation of information encoded from the cell nucleus
by messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), linking of amino
acids and export of polypeptides to serve as a functional
protein.
Mitochondria Mitochondria are the site of respiration and the
‘powerhouses’ of cells. They provide and pump out
energy which is then stored in ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
Microtubules Microtubules are important components of the formation
of cytoskeleton, mitotic spindle, cilia, flagella, and
centrioles. They also move vesicles, granules, and
organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via
special attachment proteins.
Microvilli Microvilli’s function is to increase the plasma membrane’s
surface area with the external environment.
Flagellum Flagellum is much longer than cilia and its main function
is to move the actual cell around as opposed to materials
on its surface
Cilium Non-motile or primary cilia are found on almost all types
of human cells and often have a sensory function. Motile
cilia, in contrast, occur in large numbers and beat in a
coordinated manner.
Centrioles Centrioles’ main function is to help in the cell division of
animal cells and form the spindle fibers that separate the
chromosomes during mitosis. Centrioles also play an
important role in the formation of cilia and flagella.
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2. Discuss and summarize the cell cycle.
Cell Cycle Phase Major Events

G1 phase (Gap 1) G1 phase is the phase of the cell between
mitosis and initiation of replication of the
genetic material of the cell. During this
phase, the cell is metabolically active and
continues to grow without replicating its
DNA.
S phase (Synthesis) DNA replication happens during this
phase. DNA replication occurs without
increasing the chromosome number; in this
way, there is enough DNA in the cell for
two daughter cells, maintaining the same
ploidy (number of chromosomal sets) as
the parent cell.
G2 phase (Gap 2) During the G2 phase, the cell prepares to
enter mitosis. The DNA has already been
duplicated during the S phase, so the G2
phase is when the organelles of the cell
duplicate and begins to reorganize its
contents in preparation for mitosis.
Prophase During prophase, chromatin condenses
into chromosomes, and the nuclear
envelope (the membrane surrounding the
nucleus) breaks down.
Metaphase During metaphase, all the genetic material
is condensing into chromosomes. And
becomes visible. These chromosomes
align at the equator through spindle fibres
attached to the kinetochores.
Anaphase Here, the duplicated genetic material
carried in the nucleus of a parent cell
separates into two identical daughter cells.
The separated chromosomes are then
pulled by the spindle to opposite poles of
the cell.
Telophase During telophase, nuclear membrane
forms around each set of chromosomes.
This separates the nuclear DNA from the
cytoplasm. The chromosomes then start to
uncoil becoming diffuse and less compact.
Cytokinesis In cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell is
split in two, making two new cells.
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3. Record results from Activity A of CELLS.
Egg Mass (g) Circumference (cm)

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
Egg 1 51 g 76 g 95 g 14 cm 16.9 cm 18.1 cm
Egg 2 53 g 72 g 52 g 14 cm 16.5 cm 11.6 cm
Observations and Guide Questions

a) What happened to the egg placed in water? What caused the change in the eggs’
weight/size?
When the egg was immersed in water, there is an increase in its circumference and weight and
it became swollen. This happened through the process of osmosis. Water was able to pass
through the egg membrane because the fluid inside the egg had a lower solvent concentration
than the water around it, causing water molecules to enter rather than leave the egg.
b) What happened to the egg placed in corn syrup? What caused the change in the eggs
weight/size?
When the egg was immersed in corn syrup, there is a decrease in its circumference and
weight, and it shrunk. This happened because water molecules moved from an area which has
less solute (the egg) to an area with more solute which is the corn syrup.
c) What type of transport mechanism occurred in the cell membrane transport activity?
Discuss.
Osmosis is a transport mechanism that occurs in this cell membrane transport activity.
Osmosis is a passive transport mechanism that involves a net movement of water molecules
through a semipermeable membrane from ahn area with igher solvent concentration to an area
with lower solvent concentration. As a result of the activity, the egg in water grew in size as water
molecules from the outside passed through the egg membrane and entered the egg, where there
is less water concentration compared to its surrounding environment. The egg placed in syrup, on
the other hand, shrank as the water molecules inside the egg (where the solvent concentration is
higher) went outside the egg (where there is a lower solvent concentration).
d) Based on the experiment, what materials were able to pass through? Why?
The materials that were able to pass through the egg's membrane were vinegar and
water. This is due to osmosis, the process by which water molecules move through a membrane
from an area with high solvent concentration to an area with low solvent concentration.
The eggshell was dissolved in the initial set-up (egg dispersed in vinegar), leaving just the
membrane that holds the inside of the egg. This membrane is permeable to only some molecules.
This means that it allows some molecules to pass through while blocking others. Water and
vinegar easily move through the membrane. However, bigger molecules, such as the sugar
molecules in corn syrup, are unable to penetrate through the membrane.
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4. Record observations from Figure 1 of Activity B on CELLS.
Observations and Guide Questions

a. Classify and discuss the different types of solutions according to their effects on cellular
tonicity. In which direction did the water move through the cell membrane when the cell was
surrounded by the hypertonic solution? Hypotonic solution?
Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic
A hypotonic solution is as An isotonic solution is a A hypertonic solution is a

solution with lower solute solution with same solute solution with higher solute
concentration as that concentration as that found concentration as that found
found within the cell within the cell within the cell
When cells are placed in a When cells are placed in an When cells are placed in a
hypotonic solution the isotonic solution there hypertonic solution the cells
cells will begin to swell as remain the same as there is will begin to shrink as there
there is net movement of no net movement of solvent is net movement of solvent
solvent into the cells into or out of the cells out of the cells
b. Based on the red blood cell virtual experiment, what type of transport occurred? Discuss.
The type of transport that happened in the virtual red blood cell experiment was osmosis. The
transport of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute
concentration to an area of higher concentration is known as osmosis. The net movement of
solvent from the solution into the cell causes red blood cells to expand when placed in a hypotonic
solution. This is known as endosmosis, and it occurs because the concentration of solutes inside
the cells is higher than outside the cells (hypotonic solution). The net movement of solvent from
the cells to the solution causes red blood cells to shrink when placed in a hypertonic solution. This
is known as exosmosis, and it occurs when the external surrounding (hypertonic solution) of the
cells has a higher solute concentration than the inside one.
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4. Label each solution (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic) and draw arrows to indicate in
which direction water would flow.
B. Tissue
1. Upon clicking the practice quiz on each sub-type of tissue, draw the following tissues
a. For simple epithelium: endothelium of capillaries
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b. For stratified epithelium: pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
c. For intraepithelial glands: goblet cell
d. Loose connective tissue with mast cells
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e. Dense regular collagenous connective tissue
f. Reticular connective tissue
g. Pseudo-unipolar neuron
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h. Peripheral myelinated axon
i. Retinal ganglion cell
j. Skeletal muscle: endomysium
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k. Sarcoplasm
l. Bundle of Purkinje fibers
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2. Identify what type of tissue, function and location.
Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Non-keratinized

Stratified squamous epithelium)
Function: Stratified squamous epithelium
primary function is for protection.
Mechanical stress, chemical abrasions, and even
radiation are all guarded by it.
Location: Superficial layer of the skin, surface of
the tongue, hard upper palate of the mouth,
esophagus, anus, upper respiratory tract, and
epidermis of urethra
Type of tissue: Muscle tissue (Skeletal muscle)

Function: Skeletal muscles are responsible for
body movements such as typing, breathing,
extending the arm, writing. It also helps maintain
body posture through the gluteal and sartorius
muscles.
Location: Found between bones, and connects
the epymisium to the periosteum (outer covering)
using tendons.
Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Simple

squamous epithelium)
Function: The exchange of molecules is the
primary and most important function of simple
squamous epithelium. Furthermore, they offer a
smooth, frictionless surface in areas where
secretion occurs.
Location: Alveoli of the lungs, oviduct, common
bile duct, nephrons of the kidney capillary walls,
inner lining of tubular structures
Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Simple

columnar epithelium)
Function: Secretion, absorption, protection, and
transportation of molecules are the primary
functions of the simple columnar epithelium.
Location: Respiratory tract's bronchioles,
reproductive system's uterine (fallopian) tubes
and uterus, paranasal sinuses, collecting ducts,
the spinal cord's central canal, and the brain's
ventricles.
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Type of tissue: Muscle tissue (Smooth Muscle)
Function: Smooth muscle functions to maintain
blood pressure and flow in the blood vessels,
open and close airways in the lungs, aid in
motility and nutrition collection in the
gastrointestinal system, and facilitate other more
involuntary movements.
Location: Smooth muscle can be found in the
walls of the hollow internal organs (such as the
blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder,
and uterus) except the heart.
Type of tissue: Connective tissue (Cartilage)
Function: Collagen-rich artilage helps to hold the
body together. Different regions of the body rely
on hyaline cartilage for stability and flexibility.
Location: Found mainly on articular surfaces of
bone, walls of the respiratory system (trachea
and bronchi), and epiphyseal plates.
Type of tissue: Muscle tissue (Cardiac muscle)

Function: Cardiac muscle tissue uses
involuntary movements to keep heart pump blood
through the circulatory system, one thing that
distinguishes it from controllable skeletal muscle
tissue.
Location: Cardiac muscles are only found in the
walls of the heart.
Type of tissue: Connective tissue (Bone)

Function: Bone offers structure and support to
an organism, facilitates movement, stores
minerals such as calcium, and produces blood
cells and other kinds of stem cells.
Location: Found throughout the whole body.
Spongy bone is typically found in the ends of the
long bones, as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs,
vertebrae, shoulder blades, and skull bones,
while compact bone is found in the shafts of long
bones like those in the arms and legs.
Type of tissue: Connective tissue (Large

Lymphocytes)
Function: Large lymphocytes are the main
functional cell of the immune system. It has two
types, namely, B-cell that produces antibodies,
and T-cell that destroys its own virus-infected
cells.
Location: Throughout out the body, pumped by
the heart and conducted by blood vessels
(arteries and veins).
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Type of tissue: Connective tissue (Adipose
connective tissue)
Function: The energy stored as fat in adipose
tissue is used as a fuel source by the body after
the available energy acquired
from carbohydrates is used up. In addition to
storing fat, adipose tissue also produces
endocrine hormones which regulate adipocyte
activity and are necessary for the regulation of
other vital bodily processes. Adipose tissue helps
to cushion and protect organs, as well as insulate
the body from heat loss.
Location: Can be found in a number of places in
the body, but it is found primarily beneath
the skin. Adipose is also located
between muscles and around internal organs,
particularly those in the abdominal cavity.
Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Stratified

squamous epithelium)
Function: Stratified squamous epithelium
primary function is for protection.
Mechanical stress, chemical abrasions, and even
radiation are all guarded by it.
Location: Superficial layer of the skin, surface of
the tongue, hard upper palate of the mouth,
esophagus, anus, upper respiratory tract, and
epidermis of urethra
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3. Identify the structure indicated.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Blue – cytoplasm / plasma membrane

Green - adipocyte
Nucleus of adipocyte
Dense regular connective tissue fiber
Elastic fiber
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Lacuna (of hyaline cartilage)
Intercalated disc (of cardiac muscle)
Nucleus (of skeletal muscle)
Blue – osteocyte
Pink - canaliculi
Nucleus (of simple squamous epithelia)
Collagen fiber (loose connective tissue)
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Goblet cells (of simple columnar epithelial

tissue)
Neuron
Neutrophil
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VII. Clinical Applications:

1. Discuss how medicinal drugs are transported across the cell membranes
The physicochemical qualities, formulation, and mode of administration of a medicine
determine its absorption. Dosage forms (for example, tablets, capsules, and solutions) are made
up of the medicine and additional substances and are designed to be administered through a
variety of channels (eg, oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, topical, inhalational). Drugs
must be in solution to be absorbed, regardless of the mode of administration. As a result, solid
forms (such as tablets) must breakdown and disaggregate.
A medicine must pass through many semipermeable cell membranes before reaching the
systemic circulation unless it is delivered intravenously. Passive diffusion, facilitated passive
diffusion, active transport, and pinocytosis are all ways for drugs to travel across cell membranes.
Sometimes various globular proteins contained in the matrix can act as receptors, allowing
chemicals to pass through the membrane.
In passive diffusion, drugs diffuse across a cell membrane from a high-concentration region (for
example, gastrointestinal fluids) to a low-concentration region (eg, blood). The rate of diffusion is
related to the gradient, but it also depends on the lipid solubility, size, degree of ionization, and
absorptive surface area of the molecule. Lipid-soluble drugs diffuse the fastest because the cell
membrane is lipoid. Small molecules enter membranes faster than larger molecules.
In facilitated passive diffusion, a carrier molecule in the membrane mixes reversibly with the
substrate molecule outside the cell membrane, and the carrier-substrate complex diffuses rapidly
across the membrane, releasing the substrate at the interior surface
Active transport is selective, requires energy expenditure, and may involve moving against a
concentration gradient. Drugs that are structurally identical to endogenous molecules appear to be
the only ones capable of active transport (eg, ions, vitamins, sugars, amino acids). The majority of
these medications are absorbed through specific locations in the small intestine.
Pinocytosis is the engulfment of fluid or particles by a cell. The cell membrane invaginates,
encloses the fluid or particles, then fuses back together, forming a vesicle that detaches and goes
to the cell interior. It is necessary to expend energy. Except for protein medicines, pinocytosis is
likely to play a little role in drug delivery.
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2. What are the factors affecting cell membrane transport?
Various factors affect cell membrane transport. Few of these are, firstly, the extent of the
concentration gradient. The bigger the concentration difference, the faster the transport. The
closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the slower the rate of transport. Next
is the mass of the moving molecules, heavier molecules travel more slowly. For lighter
molecules, the opposite is true. Third, is the temperature for as it rises, so does the energy,
and hence the movement of the molecules, resulting in a faster rate. Lower temperatures
reduce the energy of the molecules, slowing the rate of movement. Another factor is solubility.
Nonpolar or lipid-soluble materials pass through plasma membranes more easily than polar
materials which affects the rate of transport. Finally, S=surface area and thickness of the
plasma membrane, as well as the distance the molecules must travel also affects cell
membrane transport.
3. What is the significance of tissue interaction in the development of human diseases? Give
examples.
Tissue interactions are critical for sustaining healthy organ morphologic architecture and
function, from the morphogenetic movements of the three germ layers during development through
the reactive stromal microenvironment in cancer. The stromal compartment is expected to play a
role in tumor growth, making it an ideal target for disease therapy.
The loss of homeostatic interactions between the tissues of an organ during wound repair,
infection and disease can also be attributed to a loss of the positional information established
during development, and also to the alteration of numerous molecules by modulating cellular
subpopulations in the adult organ.
VIII. Conclusion
It still fascinates me how the human body is actually composed of trillions of cells, which then
groups to form tissues and serve specific functions. Cells, the most fundamental and basic building
blocks of all known organisms perform different functions and processes that are essential to the
definition of “life”. It houses different organelles and undergoes what we call the “cell cycle”.
Tissue, on the other hand are made up of similar types of cells that work together to accomplish a
shared goal. Based on morphology and function, humans have four different types of tissues:
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. In this activity, aside from studying the cells and
tissues we also did and experiment which is about one of the cell membrane transport
mechanisms, the osmosis. I was really curious as to how it would go and I’m glad that even
without going to laboratories we can still perform this kind of experiment which will truly help us in
understanding what’s going on inside our bodies. For me, studying the cells, and tissues, knowing
its structures along with the role it plays, and the processes it undergoes are of enormous
importance as these enable organisms in meeting their basic needs and carry out life functions
optimally. Moreover, it helps us learn about growth, reproduction as well as other activities that
living things perform. It helps us understand ourselves, organisms around us and allows
discoveries that would be beneficial to our health and well-being.
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IX. Documentation
Appendix A. Practice quiz and scores for Epithelium tissue
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Appendix B. Practice quiz and scores for Connective tissue
Appendix B.1 Loose Connective Tissue
Appendix B.2 Dense Connective Tissue
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Appendix B.3 Reticular Connective Tissue
Appendix C. Practice quiz and scores on Nervous Tissue
Appendix C.1 Neurons

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Appendix C.2 Neurons: Structures and Types
Appendix C.3 Peripheral Nerves
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Appendix C.4 Ganglia of the nervous system
Appendix D. Practice quiz and scores on Muscle Tissue
Appendix D.1 Skeletal Muscle

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Appendix D.2 Smooth Muscle
Appendix D.3 Cardiac Muscle

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Appendix E. Student answering the practice quizzes
Appendix F. Student drawing and doing her Laboratory Sheet
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Appendix G. Student conducting the Osmosis Egg Experiment
Day 1
Appendix G.1 Materials for the experiment Appendix G.2 Measuring the circumference of eggs
Egg 1 – 14 cm Egg 2 – 14 cm
Appendix G.3 Measuring the circumference of the eggs (Day 1)
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Initial Volume (500 ml) Final Volume (After Dispersing Egg 1, 551 ml)
Appendix G.4 Measuring the mass of Egg 1 (Day 1)
*Note: The student measured the eggs’ mass using the water displacement method
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Appendix G.6 Labeling glass containers Appendix G.7 Eggs dispersed in vinegar
Day 2
Student rinsing the eggs
Egg 1 – 16.9 cm Egg 2 – 16.5 cm
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Student submerging the eggs in water & corn syrup Egg 1 & 2 submerged in water and corn syrup
Day 3
Eggs after being submerged in corn syrup and water
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Egg 1 – 18.1 cm Egg 2 – 11.6 cm
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X. References
Bailey, R. (2019, August 19). White, Brown, and Beige Fat. ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/adipose-tissue
Cell cycle - definition and phases of cell cycle. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/cell-cycle-and-division/.
Histology guide. Microscope Slides of Cells and Tissues | Histology Guide.

https://histologyguide.com/slidebox/slidebox.html.
Julie Doll BSc, M. S. (2021, September 30). Tissue types. Kenhub.

https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/introduction-to-tissues-epithelial connective
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43 | P a g e

Binondo - Activity 2 Cells & Tissues.

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MODULAR APPROACH FOR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY - CARMONA

III. Learning Platform

• 2 pcs. Fresh eggs

B. Virtual laboratory on transport across the red blood cell membrane

Slide A Slide B Slide C

C. Virtual Simulation on Cells

2. Browse for the different types of epithelial tissue.

4. Find and answer the practice quizzes.

5. Click the following link to proceed with the virtual simulation 2:

B. Virtual Simulation on Connective Tissue

3. Watch the provided video and explore atlas.

4. Find and answer the practice quizzes.

5. Click the following link to proceed with the virtual simulation

C. Virtual Simulation on Muscle Tissue

2. Browse for the different types of muscle tissue.

4. Find and answer the practice quizzes.

5. Click the following link to proceed with the virtual simulation

7. Explore the virtual slides provided.

D. Virtual Simulation on Nervous Tissue

3. Watch the provided video and explore atlas.

4. Find and answer the practice quizzes.

5. Click the following link to proceed with the virtual simulation

7. Explore the virtual slides provided.

Name: Binondo, Kyla Mae B. Date Performed:

Endoplasmic It is a network of membranes inside a cell, and its main

Golgi Apparatus The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to collect

Lysosome Lysosomes are involved in degrading and recycling

Ribosome Ribosome play a crucial role in the cell as it is the site of

2. Discuss and summarize the cell cycle.

Cell Cycle Phase Major Events

3. Record results from Activity A of CELLS.

Egg Mass (g) Circumference (cm)

Observations and Guide Questions

4. Record observations from Figure 1 of Activity B on CELLS.

Observations and Guide Questions

Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic

A hypotonic solution is as An isotonic solution is a A hypertonic solution is a

b. For stratified epithelium: pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

c. For intraepithelial glands: goblet cell

d. Loose connective tissue with mast cells

e. Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

f. Reticular connective tissue

h. Peripheral myelinated axon

i. Retinal ganglion cell

j. Skeletal muscle: endomysium

l. Bundle of Purkinje fibers

2. Identify what type of tissue, function and location.

Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Non-keratinized

Type of tissue: Muscle tissue (Skeletal muscle)

Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Simple

Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Simple

Type of tissue: Muscle tissue (Cardiac muscle)

Type of tissue: Connective tissue (Bone)

Type of tissue: Connective tissue (Large

Type of tissue: Epithelial tissue (Stratified

3. Identify the structure indicated.

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Blue – cytoplasm / plasma membrane

Dense regular connective tissue fiber

Lacuna (of hyaline cartilage)

Intercalated disc (of cardiac muscle)