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01-专题一 名词
01-专题一 名词
第一部分 基础知识运用
专题一 名词
五年中考
考点 1 名词词义辨析
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2021 江苏南京,12)Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice has
been increased greatly.
A.population B.contribution
C.production D.introduction
答案 C 本题考查名词辨析。population 人口;contribution 贡献;production 生产,产量;introduction 引进,引言。
根据常识可知,袁隆平是水稻专家,水稻产量因他的研究成果而大幅增加。故选 C。
2.(2021 江西,21)Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a about that.
A.pilot B.doctor C.singer D.postman
答案 B 本题考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知,腿看起来很糟,需要派人去请医生,故答案选 B。
3.(2021 天津,25)His beautiful music has brought to people all over the world.
A.difficulty B.pleasure C.weather D.danger
答案 B 本题考查名词辨析。句意:他优美的音乐给全世界的人带来了快乐。difficulty 困难;pleasure 快乐;
weather 天气;danger 危险。根据句意可知选 B。
6.(2021 湖北武汉 ,37)The idiom(成语 )“Mengzi's mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she
could to provide the best for her child.
A.experience B.instruction
C.environment D.information
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
答案 C 本题考查名词词义辨析。句意:成语“孟母三迁”讲述了一位母亲竭尽所能为她的孩子提供最好
的环境。故选 C。
7.(2021 江苏扬州,10)—We can always find something good in a bad if we look for it.
—It's so true. Let's make full use of what comes.
A.situation B.direction
C.instruction D.competition
答案 A 本题考查名词词义辨析。 situation 情况,处境;direction 方向;instruction 命令;competition 比赛。根
据语境,能和“something good”对比的只有“bad situation”,此处指在糟糕的处境中看到积极的一面。故答案
为 A。
8.(2021 云南,29)Hi, Mom is a moving film. It has been on for several months in the .
A.museum B.bank
C.library D.cinema
答案 D 本题考查名词。本句中的主语 It 指代第一句中的电影,既然是电影,自然是在电影院里放映,故选
D。
9.(2021 安徽,25)—Have you ever heard “A thousand-mile journey begins with the first ”?
—Yes. It's a famous Chinese saying by Laozi.
A.class B.step C.break D.exam
答案 B 句意:——你听说过“千里之行,始于足下”吗?——是的,它是老子说的一句著名的中国谚语。本
题考查名词词义辨析。class 班级;step 步;break 暂停,间断;exam 考试,检查。从 journey 可知,只有 step 与该谚
语有关,故选 B。
10.(2021 云南昆明,29)Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls to help them get an in
Lijiang, Yunnan.
A.education B.invitation
C.information D.imagination
答案 A 本题考查名词词义辨析。根据语境“张桂梅在云南丽江开办第一所免费女子高中”可知,此处是
“为了帮助她们接受教育”,故选 A。
11.(2021 山西,22)—Jenny, I can't solve the problems by myself. What should I do?
—Maybe working in groups is a good .
A.method B.survey C.report
答案 A 本题考查名词词义辨析。working in groups 是一种方法,method 方法。survey 调查;report 报告。
故选 A。
12.(2021 黑龙江齐齐哈尔,2)Amy refused her friend's because she had to take care of her grandma.
A.tradition B.attention C.invitation
答案 C 考查名词词义辨析。tradition 意为“传统”;attention 意为“注意力”;invitation 意为“邀请”。
根据语境可知,因为埃米得照顾奶奶,所以拒绝了朋友的“邀请”。故选 C。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
A.instructions B.instruments
C.interviews D.inventions
答案 A 本题考查名词辨析。句意:——你是怎样修好那辆坏了的自行车的?——很容易。我只是按照说
明去做。instruction 说明,指示;instrument 器械,仪器,乐器;interview 面试,采访;invention 发明。根据句意可知
选 A。
15.(2020 江苏南通,10)—A robot served us dinner last night. Don't you think we are living in amazing times?
—I can't agree anymore. The makes our lives easier and happier.
A.information B.technology
C.discovery D.competition
答案 B 句意:——昨晚,一个机器人为我们提供晚餐。你不认为我们生活在令人惊奇的时代吗 ?——我非
常同意。科技让我们的生活更轻松、更快乐。本题考查名词词义辨析。 information 信息;technology 科技;
discovery 发现;competition 竞赛,竞争。根据句意和关键词 robot(机器人)可知此处选 B。
16.(2019 天津,23)The of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.
A.silence B.purpose
C.culture D.language
答案 B 句意:这个活动的目的是为一所新医院募捐。本题考查名词词义辨析。silence 寂静,安静;purpose
目的;culture 文化;language 语言。由句意可知本题答案为 B。
17.(2019 河南,33)For his son's birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a .
A.task B.treat
C.choice D.visit
答案 B 句意:为了庆祝儿子的生日,Steven 打算带他去看新电影作为款待。本题考查名词词义辨析。task
任务;treat 款待;choice 选择;visit 拜访。as a treat 作为款待,故选 B 项。
Ⅱ.单句填空
—3—
5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
2.(2021 浙江杭州,61)M is the fifth month of the year in the Western calendar.
答案 May 句意:五月在西方日历中是一年中的第五个月。根据句意可知答案是 May。
3.(2021 浙江杭州,70)According to the latest census(人口普查), China has a p of 1,411.78 million.
答案 population 句意:根据最新一次的人口普查,中国人口数量是 14.1178 亿。根据句意可知设空处表示
人口,故答案是 population。
4.(2021 四川成都,3)Yuan Longping spent his whole life doing research into rice and his a will be
remembered by us all forever.
答案 achievement(s) 本题考查名词。根据语境可知,他的成就会永远被我们记住。
6.(2020 四川南充,58)Chinese people like to eat r and noodles while Westerners like to eat bread.
答案 rice 句意:中国人喜欢吃米饭和面条,而西方人喜欢吃面包。本题考查名词。根据句意可知答案为
rice。
考点 2 名词的数和所有格
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2021 重庆,23)There are many teachers in this primary school.
A.woman B.woman's C.women D.women's
答案 C 本题考查名词的用法。man 和 woman 作定语时,其本身的单复数形式要与被修饰词的单复数一致,
故本题选 C。
归纳总结 a man/woman teacher 一位男/女老师;two men/women teachers 两位男/女老师。
2.(2021 湖南岳阳,23)We see some rising into the air at the opening of our new library.
A.balloons B.balloon C.balloones
答案 A 由空前的 some 可知应用复数,balloon 的复数为 balloons,故选 A。
3.(2020 湖北恩施,22)Wuhan, one of the most important in China, is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.
A.cities B.citys C.city
答案 A 此题考查名词的数。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构意为“最……的……之一”。
由此可知,此处应用名词的复数形式 cities。注意词尾 y 的变化。故选 A。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
答案 B 句意:看那间又大又干净的房间。那是露西和莉莉(共用)的房间。考查名词所有格。Lucy's and
Lily's 指两人各自拥有的东西;Lucy and Lily's 指两人共有的东西。根据上句的 room 可知,只有一个房间,故指
的是露西和莉莉两人共有的房间。故选 B。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2021 江苏扬州,47)The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my (son)room.
答案 son's 设空处与后面名词是所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故答案为 son's。
2.(2021 江苏南京,50)Over the years, Gong Bao Chicken has become one of the most popular (dish)
in Chinese restaurants throughout the world.
答案 dishes 此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”,所以这
里填 dish 的复数形式 dishes。
3.(2021 山东临沂,49)Students across China buy 2,800 million new (textbook) every year.
答案 textbooks textbook 为可数名词,根据前面的数字可知应该用复数,故填 textbooks。
4.(2021 浙 江 宁 波 ,44)Yuan Longping, the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, won many ( 奖 ) for his rice
research.
答案 prizes 由 many 可知,此空为复数。
6.(2021 江苏盐城,70)Scientists have found that (plant) talk to each other all the time. Their language
is a kind of chemical.
答案 plants 根据后面的 talk 和 their 可知,设空处填 plant 的复数形式 plants。
7.(2021 山东临沂,51) In 1920, the (world) first three-color traffic light was put to use.
答案 world's 本题考查名词所有格。此处表示“世界上的第一个”,故填所有格 world's。
8.(2020 海南,79)The (发明) of the Internet has changed the world greatly.
答案 invention 句意:因特网的发明大大改变了世界。本题考查名词。根据空前的定冠词 The 可知,这里要
填名词。又因为谓语部分用了单数形式 has,所以填名词的单数形式。故填 invention。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
9.(2020 新疆,73)Thank you for giving me the useful (建议) to learn English.
答案 advice 句意:谢谢你给我这些有用的学英语的建议。本题考查名词。本空前的 useful 是形容词,后面
应接名词;而 advice 是不可数名词,没有单复数变化,故本空填 advice。
考点 3 名词的构词法
1.(2021 广东深圳,42)Xu began to translate Chinese poetry into both English and (France) when he
was still a teenager.
答案 French France 法国,French 法语。根据并列连词 and 前的 English 可知,这里指语言,故填 French。
2.(2021 云南,67)As a TV (report), it's my duty to tell the truth to the public.
答案 reporter 此处表示“电视台记者”,应填 reporter。
3.(2021 内蒙古包头,70)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of winter and the beginning
of spring.
答案 celebration celebrate 是动词,空后的现在分词短语作后置定语,由空前的冠词 a 可知,本空应用名词的
单数形式,故答案为 celebration。
4.(2021 湖南衡阳,49)Almost ten years after his (die), the new calendar was finally accepted.
答案 death 由前面的形容词性物主代词 his 可知用名词。故填 death。
6.(2021 黑龙江绥化,47) Zhang Guimei has managed to make thousands of girls receive (educate).
答案 education 本题考查名词构词法。receive education 接受教育。
7.(2021 山 东 临 沂 ,55)A Christmas Carol was written to make every reader think about how they could make a
(different) to their society.
答案 difference make a difference 意为“有影响”,故填 difference。
8.(2020 内 蒙 古 包 头 ,68)People who are warm-hearted set good examples to society because they pass on their
(kind) to people around them.
答案 kindness 句意:热心肠的人们给社会树立了好榜样,因为他们把善良传递给了他们周围的人们。本题
考查构词法。形容词性物主代词 their 后面应用名词。 kind 的名词形式是加后缀 -ness。故本空填名词
kindness。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
9.(2020 山 东 临 沂 ,56)Growing up is hard for everyone. Laura has to face lots of stress as a
(teenage).
答案 teenager 句意:对每个人来说,成长都是很困难的。作为一名青少年,Laura 不得不面对很多压力。本
题考查词性转换。根据句意和语法,冠词 a 后面应接名词。故填 teenager。
10.(2020 甘肃兰州,98)With the (develop) of science and technology, life is becoming much easier.
答案 development 句意:随着科技的发展,生活变得更轻松了。本题考查词性转换。with the development
of 随着……的发展。
三年模拟
A 组 基础题组
1.(2021 河北石家庄检测, 31)It's cold today. Take your with you when you go out.
A.coat B.knife C.brush D.key
答案 A 句意:今天很冷。你出去时带上你的外套。考查名词辨析。coat 外套;knife 小刀;brush 刷子;key 钥
匙。根据关键词 cold 可知,出去时应带上“外套(coat)”。故选 A。
3.(2021 山西太原模拟,23)We all want to try new things, but finding the to start is always the hardest part.
A.reason B.courage C.patience
答案 B 句意:我们都想尝试新事物,但是找到开始的勇气总是最难的部分。考查名词辨析。reason 原因;
courage 勇气;patience 耐心。根据句意可知答案为 B。
4.(2021 福建华安长泰联考,27)Everyone should be honest with themselves:listen to the voice from the of
heart.
A.feeling B.cover
C.bottom
答案 C 句意:每个人都应该对自己诚实。倾听内心的声音。考查名词辨析。 feeling 感受;cover 封面;
bottom 底部。from the bottom of heart“发自内心地,从心底里”。
5.(2021 辽 宁 五 城 市 联 考 ,1)Hi,Mom was a new movie during the Spring Festival. Many people went to the
to see it.
A.library B.museum
C.cinema D.market
答案 C 句意:《你好,李焕英》是春节期间的一部新电影。许多人去电影院观看它。考查名词辨析。
library 图书馆;museum 博物馆;cinema 电影院;market 市场。根据 a new movie 和 see it 可知,“看电影”就是去
电影院,故选 C。
6.(2021 上海黄浦二模,35)It is important for parents to give children plenty of to think for themselves.
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
A.room B.chance
C.suggestion D.lesson
答案 A 句意:父母给孩子足够的空间让他们自己思考是很重要的。考查名词辨析。plenty of+可数名词复
数/不可数名词。room“空间”是不可数名词;chance“机会”, suggestion“建议”, lesson“课程,教训”都是可数
名词,应变成复数形式,故排除。由句意可知此处 room 表示空间,是不可数名词,故选 A。
7.(2021 天津河北模拟,25)People will have long holidays because and robots will do all the heavy and hard
jobs.
A.mistakes B.magazines
C.machines D.mountains
答案 C 句意:因为机器和机器人会做所有的重活和难干的活,所以人们将会有长假。考查名词辨析。
mistake 错误;magazine 杂志;machine 机器;mountain 山。根据 and robots will do...jobs 可推知,干活的是机器和
机器人,故答案为 C。
8.(2021 重庆二模,23)If you are interested in something, it's easier for you to pay to it for a long time.
A.attention B.interest
C.progress D.information
答案 A 考查名词辨析。attention 专心,注意;interest 兴趣;progress 进步;information 消息。根据 you are
interested in something 可推知,更容易专注于它。pay attention to“专注于”,故选 A。
9.(2020 重庆璧山一模,23)Anna has a poor sense of . Sometimes, she can't even find her way home.
A.decision B.direction
C.dialogue D.director
答案 B 句意:安娜方向感很差。有时她甚至找不到回家的路。本题考查名词词义辨析。 decision 决定;
direction 方向;dialogue 对话;director 导演。根据“她甚至找不到回家的路”可推知,她方向感差,故选 B。
10.(2020 天津河北二模,23)Chinese people are brave. We are not afraid of wind and rain, or any kind of .
A.difficulties B.instruments
C.memories D.exhibitions
答 案 A 句 意 :中 国人 很勇 敢。 我们 不怕 风雨 , 不怕 任何 困难 。考 查名 词词 义辨 析。 difficulty 困 难 ;
instrument 乐器;memory 记忆;exhibition 展览。根据“Chinese people are brave.”可知,此处是指不怕任何困难。
故选 A。
11.(2020 江西南昌青山湖调研,8)In some ways, e-books seem to have many over traditional ones, but I
still like traditional books.
A.suggestions B.advantages
C.agreements D.achievements
答案 B 考查名词词义辨析。题干意为“电子书虽然有许多的优势 ,但我还是喜欢传统书籍”。故选
B。have advantages over 比……有优势。
12.(2021 辽宁大连一模,45)After the (invent) of paper, people started to write on paper to make
books.
答案 invention 定冠词 the 与介词 of 之间需填名词。故填 invention。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
13.(2021 安徽合肥四十二中模拟,77)It's a good h (习惯)to brush your teeth after a meal.
答案 habit 句意:饭后刷牙是一种好习惯。根据首字母与汉语提示可知填写 habit。
14.(2021 上海闵行二模,44)Under the new rules, (factory) will reduce cost by as much as 10%.
答案 factories 句意:根据新规定,工厂将降低高达 10%的成本。考查名词的数。表示类别用可数名词的复
数形式。
15.(2021 四川成都锦江二模, 5)The new d like the huge golden mask show the site of Sanxingdui
Ruins is probably the capital of the ancient Shu.
答案 discoveries 本题考查名词的拼写及数。设空处表示“发现”且为句子主语,根据谓语动词 show 可知,
主语应为复数形式,故填 discoveries。
16.(2021 浙 江 杭 州 上 城 一 模 ,69)In the United States, Thanksgiving is always on the fourth Thursday in N
.
答案 November 句意:在美国,感恩节总是在十一月的第四个星期四。考查名词。由语境可知 ,此处表示
“十一月”,故填 November。
17.(2021 江苏无锡期中,45)It was a great pity that the old man's (serve) to the mountain area was
never known by people.
答案 service 句意:非常遗憾的是,人们从来不知道这位老人在为山区服务。考查名词构词法。 the old
man's 后面应接名词,表示所属关系。故填 service。
18.(2021 上海黄浦二模, 44)We should make full use of natural (resource), because they are limited.
答案 resources 句意:我们应该充分利用自然资源,因为它们很有限。考查名词。resource“资源”为可数名
词, 根据 they are 可知,此处应用复数形式。故填 resources。
21.(2020 海南海口模拟, 61)Our hometown has left many soft and sweet (回忆) in our hearts.
答案 memories 句意:我们的家乡在我们心中留下了许多温馨的回忆。本题考查名词的数。many 后面所
加的名词应该是可数名词的复数, 所以填 memories。
B 组 提升题组
1.(2021 安徽合肥蜀山模拟,23)—Dad, must I be a businessman like you when I grow up?
—No, you needn't. You can make your own .
A.decision B.reason
C.difference D.practice
答案 A 句意:——爸爸,我长大后一定要像你一样做生意吗?——不,你不需要。你可以自己做决定。考查
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
4.(2021 江苏无锡锡北一模,10)—Look at Sandy. I'm afraid she looks a bit fatter than before.
—Yeah. I think she needs to start exercising and get back in .
A.size B.style
C.speed D.shape
答案 D 句意:——看看桑迪。恐怕她看起来比以前胖了一点。——是的。我认为她需要开始锻炼 ,恢复体
形。考查名词辨析。size 尺寸;style 样式;speed 速度;shape 状况。根据语境可知变胖后,需要开始锻炼恢复体
形。故选 D。
5.(2021 重庆渝中调研,23)I love collecting because they can teach me things about history.
A.scarves B.stones
C.leaves D.stamps
答案 D 句意:我喜爱收集邮票,因为它们能教我一些历史知识。考查名词辨析。根据后面的“教我一些历
史知识”可知,应为邮票,故选 D。
7.(2020 江西南昌第二次调研,31)—For your own , please don't put your hands out of the window.
—Sorry, Mr. White. I won't do it again.
A.decision B.safety
C.progress D.knowledge
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
答案 B 句意:——为了你自己的安全,请不要把手伸出窗外。——对不起,怀特先生。我不会再这样做了。
本题考查名词词义辨析。decision 决定;safety 安全;progress 进步;knowledge 知识,学问。根据题意,为了保证
安全,所以要求不要把手伸出窗外,故本题选 B。
8.(2020 黑龙江哈尔滨第 156 中学模拟,6)—What do you think is the of traditional Chinese culture?
—Monkey King is regarded as a superhero. I like him best.
A.symbol B.style C.standard
答案 A 句意:——你认为中国传统文化的象征是什么?——孙悟空被视为超级英雄。我最喜欢他。考查
名词辨析。symbol 象征;style 风格;standard 标准。根据回答“Monkey King”可知,孙悟空可以作为中国传统
文化的象征。故选 A。
9.(2021 甘肃兰州二模,42)He bought two new (watch), one for his mother and the other for his sister.
答案 watches 本题考查名词的数。watch“手表”,是可数名词,此处放在 two 后面,应用复数形式。故填
watches。
12.(2021 安徽合肥四十二中模拟,79)Come to the f (前面)with courage and show your talent, Daniel.
答案 front 句意:丹尼尔,勇敢地到前面来展示你的才华。考查名词。由首字母和汉语提示可知填写
front。
14.(2021 上海闵行二模,50)He found that there was nothing but peace and (happy) here.
答案 happiness 考查名词的构词法。根据并列连词 and 可知,所填的单词应与名词 peace 词性一致,故填
happiness。
16.(2021 黑龙江大庆模拟卷一,71)Thank you very much for your (invite). But I'm so sorry that I
can't come to your party tomorrow.
答案 invitation 考查名词的构词法。根据前面的形容词性物主代词 your 可知,此处应用名词。故填
invitation。
17.(2021 浙江杭州上城一模,67)The Chinese are without d the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
答案 doubt without doubt“毫无疑问地;当然”。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
19.(2021 广西贵港二模,79)Cindy doesn't like (物理) because she thinks it is very difficult.
答案 physics 根据中文意思得知答案为 physics。
20.(2021 江苏无锡期中,39)For us the main (价值) of the house is in its location, which is beside a
good primary school.
答案 value 根据中文意思可知答案为 value。
21. (2020 海南海口模拟,62)The e on her face shows she is pleased with me.
答案 expression 本题考查名词。此处为“她脸上的表情显示她对我很满意”,所以填 expression。
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