DIESEL FUEL

ANALYSIS

Presented by Endriastuti
Jakarta, Sept 30th 2022
 Curriculum Vitae
Work Experience
2018 – Present
Technical Manager, Lube & Fuel Laboratory (Petroleum
Labroratory), PT. Petrolab Services, Jakarta
March 2015 – 2018
Endriastuti, S.Si, MLA II Deputy of Technical Manager, Lube & Fuel Laboratory,
PT. Petrolab Services, Jakarta
June 2014 - March 2015
Laboratory Supervisor, PT. Petrolab Services - UT PAP
(United Tractors Program Analisa Pelumas), Sangatta,
Kalimantan Timur (KPC Kaltim Prima Coal Area)
Nov 2009-June2014
Reporting Staff, PT. Petrolab Services, Jakarta
Dec 2006 - June 2007
Research Assistant in Laboratory of Ecology and
Biosystematics Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Research/ Project Experience
2007 : Research Assistant/ Diatomist team on
Lentic Diatom Project in Central Java, Co
project Dept. Biology Undip - Dept. of
Geotechnology LIPI
2007 : Research Assistant/ Plankton
analyst on Aquatic Research in Sluke
Rembang, Central Java
2006 – 2007 : Research Assistant/ Diatomist team
for diatom fossils identification on
Paleotsunami Recostruction Project
(Nias- Aceh), Co project Dept. Biology
Undip - Dept. of Geotechnology LIPI
2005 – 2006 : Research Assistant/ Diatomist team
on Diatom & Palynology for 5
mangroves area in Pantura, Central
Java
The objectives of Diesel
Fuel Analysis
➢ Understanding the characteristics of the
diesel fuel
➢ To know if our fuel meets the quality
standard/ the latest specification for diesel
fuel → for produsen, distributor, for user
➢ How those diesel fuel quality affect the diesel
fuel operation (Performance, Fuel Economy,
Emission) → for user

B35 batal diterapkan akhir Juli 2022

B40 akan dilakukan test road – ditargetkan selesai akhir 2022

Today’s specification for B-0 & B-30 : Dirjen Migas No. 146.K/10/DJM/2020

esdm.go.id
Characteristics of Diesel Fuel
➢ The characteristics of diesel fuel depend on the nature of the constituents.
➢ The B-0 will have different characteristics from the B-30 or B-100. The Palm oil biodiesel
will have different characteristics from the rapeseed biodiesel, etc.

Pic: PPSDM KEBTKE

Biodiesel Blend
Fossil Diesel Fuel Biodiesel
B0 B100
Spec Solar B0 CN 48 Spec Biodiesel :
Spec Solar B0 CN 51 Kep Dirjen EBTKE No. 189K/10/2019
146.K/10/DJM/2020 tentang Standar dan
Mutu (Spesifikasi) Bahan Bakar Minyak Jenis
Solar yang Dipasarkan di Dalam Negeri

Blend

BXX
Spec B30 (Biodiesel 30% + Solar 70%):
146.K/10/DJM/2020 tentang Standar dan Mutu
(Spesifikasi) Bahan Bakar Minyak Jenis Solar yang
Dipasarkan di Dalam Negeri
(B30 CN 48, B30 CN 51)
Specs ASTM D7467 (for biodiesel B6 to 20)
Fossil Fuel (B-0)
Biodiesel B100
Trans
esterification MONOGLYCERIDE

+ Methanol
+ GLYCERINE + DIGLYCERIDE
TRIGLYCERIDE
(CH3OH)
+ Base (NaOH)

REFINED OIL
FAME
dr CPO (FATTY ACID
METHYL ESTER)

7
Biodiesel B100

8
Blending Method

In Tank Blending In-line Blending

(EBTKE, 2018)
Characteristics of Diesel Fuel
Fossil Diesel Fuel Vs Biodiesel
CHARACTERISTICS FOSSIL DIESEL FUEL BIODIESEL
Renewable No Yes (vegetable oil)
Degradable No/ difficult to degrade Yes, Biodegradable
Composition Hydrocarbon C14-C18 Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl
ester
Oxidation Stability Good Moderate (palm oil )
Polarity Non Polar More polar (->hygroscopic)
Ester (solvency) No Yes
Density Lower density Higher density
Oxygen No O2 Contain Oxygen (O2) -> unburned HC↓ , CO
↓
Calorific Value Higher (min. 45 MJ/kg) Lower (min. 35 MJ/kg)
Cetane Number Lower (min. 48) Higher (min 51 - 60s) , shorter ignition delay
Sulfur High sulfur Very low sulfur
Material Compatibility Variuos material, Compatible to rubber Limited (not compatible with natural
rubber)
 Diesel Fuel Specification
Keputusan Dirjen Migas No. 146.K/10/DJM/2020 tentang Standar dan Mutu (Spesifikasi) Bahan Bakar Minyak Jenis Solar yang Dipasarkan
di Dalam Negeri
B-0 Biodiesel Blend 30% (B30)
No Parameter Method Unit B-0 CN 48 B-0 CN 51 B30 CN 48 B30 CN 51
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
1 Cetane Number ASTM D 613 - 48 51 48 51
2 Cetane Index ASTM D 4737 - 45 48 45 48
3 Density at 15⁰C ASTM D 1298 kg/m3 815 870 810 850 815 880 815 860
mm2/s
4 Kinematic Viscosity at 40⁰C ASTM D 445 2,0 4,5 2,0 4,5 2,0 5,0 2,0 4,5
(cSt)
5 Sulfur ASTM D 5185 % mass - 0,25 0,05 0,2 0,05
Distillation Temperature 90 370 370
6 ASTM D 86 ⁰C
Distillation Temperature 95 - 370 370
7 Flash Point PMCC ASTM D 93 ⁰C 52 - 55 52 55
8 Cloud Point ASTM D 2500 ⁰C - 18 18 18 18
9 Pour Point ASTM D 97 ⁰C 18 18 18 18
10 Carbon Residue ASTM D189 %mass 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
11 Water Content by KF ASTM D 6304 ppm 400 280 425 300
12 Fame Content ASTM D 7371 %v - - 30 30
13 Copper Strip Corrosion 3hrs/50⁰C ASTM D 130 No. Kelas 1 Kelas 1 Kelas 1 Kelas 1
14 Ash Content ASTM D 482 %mass 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01
15 Sediment Content ASTM D 473 % mass 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01
16 Strong Acid Number (SAN) ASTM D 974 mgKOH/g 0 0 0 0
17 Total Acid Number (TAN) ASTM D 974 mgKOH/g 0,6 0,3 0,6 0,6
18 Appearance - - Jernih & Terang Jernih & Terang Jernih & Terang Jernih & Terang
19 ASTM Color ASTM D 1500 ASTM color 3 1 3 2
20 Lubricity (HFRR wear scar dia. @60 oC) ASTM D 6079 micron 460 460 460 460
Oxidation Stability (Rancimat) EN 15751 hour 35 35
21
EN 16091 min 45 45
22 Particulat Contaminant ASTM D 6217 mg/L - 10 - 10
Why to perform Diesel Fuel Cetane number/ index

Analysis? Viscosity
Distillation Characteristics
Flash Point
Performance Water content
Sulfur
Sediment
Oxidation stability
Lubricity
Copperstrip corrosion
Monoglyserides

Diesel Fuel Quality

and contamination Fuel Economy Calorific Value
affect the diesel Viscosity

fuel operation

Carbon residue
Emission Sulfur
Phospor (can damage
catalytic converter)
Common issues in using B30
• Esters as detergent, it washes dirt
1. Filter Blocking • Monoglycerides as by products tend to precipitate
• Electrical static occurs when B30 passes through the filter -> fuel oxidation
• Filter clogging -> fuel supply to the combustion chamber decreases
2. Loss of Power • Lower Biodiesel Calorific Value (37 MJ/kg) < Calorie Diesel B0 (45 MJ/kg)

• Lower energy per unit mass

3. Higher Fuel Consumption • Higher viscosity -> larger fuel droplets size when injected

• The presence of monoglycerides, high free fatty acid

4. Clogged Fuel Injector • Lower oxidation stability -> the residue of B30 in the injector will be oxidized
and become scale
• Lower oxidation stability
5. Carbon Crust in Combustion
Chamber
• B30 is more polar -> hygroscopic
6. Rust on Combustion Chamber
 Factors affecting the quality of B30 & how diesel fuel
analysis help to find the cause
Feedstock Quality Production Process Blending Process of Storage &
B-0 Quality
of B100 of Biodiesel B0+B100 Distribution
• Parameters of B-0 • Oxidation Stability • FAME content • FAME content • Water ASTM D6304
Dirjen Migas • Cloud Point • Glycerine • Glycerine • Oxidation Stability
specification • Impurities (Mono-, di-, • Impurities (Mono-, di-, (Rancimat Method EN
• Pour Point
tri-glyceride) tri-glyceride) 15751)
• Total Acid Number -
• Methanol • Acid Number
> Acidity
• Phosphorus • Total Contamination
• Iodine Number ->
• Sulfur • Particle Counting
unsaturated
• Ash content • Monoglyceride
• Phosphorus Content
• Water content
• Cetane Number ->
• Free fatty acid
(affected by degree
of unsaturation) • Acid Number
• Cetane Index ( • Copper Strip
Corrosion
• Distillation • Flash Point
Characteristic
• Kinematic viscosity
(Palmitic acid BP
351⁰C)
Thank You
For Your Attention