Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
Basic Concepts of Nationalism and Patriotism
What is Nationalism?
 It is an idea/ideology and movement defined
by promoting the interest of a particular nation,
in particular with the aim of acquiring and
maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its
country of origin (Smith, 2019).
 It claims that each nation should regulate
itself, free from outside intervention, that a
nation is a natural and ideal political basis,
and that the nation is the only legitimate
source of political authority (Finlayson, 2014).
What is Nationalism?
 It aims to build and maintain single identity
(Yack, 2012).
 It seeks to preserve and encourage a nation’s
traditional culture, and cultural revivals have
been connected to nationalist movements.
 Nationalism is often paired with other
ideologies, for instance conservatism or
socialism (Finlayson, 2014).
 Conservatism – a set of political beliefs
based on preservation of customs and
traditions that define the character of a
society.
 Socialism – a set of political beliefs
emphasizing community and social
equality.
Types of Nationalism
1. ETHNIC NATIONALISM – (ethnonationalism)
involves the concept of a shared culture among
group members, and generally a shared language.
 The state derives political legitimacy from its
status as the ethnic groups, as a group to
promote its family and social life.
 It is a form of nationalism wherein the nation
and nationality are defined in terms of
ethnicity, with emphasis on ethnocentric
approach to various political issues related to
national affirmation of a particular ethnic
group.
2. CIVIC NATIONALISM (Civil Nationalism) – lies
within traditions of rationalism and liberalism, but it
is contrasted with ethnic nationalism as type of
nationalism.
 it means that the country is a community of
those who contribute to the state’s
maintenance and strength, and that there is
the person to contribute to that objective.
 Membership in the civic nation is open to
every citizen, regardless of culture or ethnicity,
who shares those values. In short, for an
1|Page
example, if you are a citizen of the US, you
are considered as an American. In theory, a
civic nation or state does not aim to promote
one culture over another.
3. EXPANSIONIST NATIONALISM – a radical
form of imperialism that includes independent,
patriotic feelings with faith in expansionism,
generally through military aggression.
 Expansionist nationalism is an aggressive
and radical form of nationalism that
incorporates autonomous, patriotic
sentiments with a belief in expansionism.
4. ROMANTIC NATIONALISM - known as organic
nationalism and identity nationalism.
 It is based on the presence of a historical
ethnic culture that meets romantic deal.
 Historical ethnic cultures that meet the
Romantic Ideal was emphasized by romantic
nationalism; folklore evolved as romantic
nationalist notion.
 The state gains political authority as a natural
outcome of the union of individuals it presides
over.
 This includes, relating to the exacting method
of use, the idiom, heritage, ethnicity, faith, and
traditions
5. CULTURAL NATIONALISM - described by
shared culture, not solely civic or ethnic. However,
a traditional culture can be more readily integrated
into the lives of any person, particularly if the
person can obtain his or her abilities at an early
point of his or her own lives.
6. THIRD WORLD NATIONALISM – outcome to
colonial rule to survive and maintain a domestic
identity. (Third World nationalism attempts to
ensure that the identities of Third World peoples
are authored primarily by themselves, not colonial
powers.)
7. LIBERAL NATIONALISM – lately defended by
political philosophers who think that a non-
xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with
liberal values of liberty, tolerance, equality and
individual rights can exist.
 It is asserted that in order to lead a
meaningful, independent life, people need a
national identity and those liberal democracies
need domestic identity to work correctly.
 It is sustaining a process of nation building
that extols the necessity of liberty and equality
and yet at the same time having the capability
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
to maintain a state or nation with a people
united with a sense of nationalism that allows
them to move forward in unity.
8. RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM – connection to a
specific religious faith, church, or affiliation.
 It can be shared religion contributes to a
sense of domestic unity and a mutual bond
between the nation’s people and it will
divide into two dimensions, such as,
religion’s politicization and religion’s
converse effects on politics.
 In religion’s politicization, it can be seen that
a shared religion contributes to a sense of
domestic unity; a common bond between
the nation’s people.
9. PAN-NATIONALISM – Ethnic or cultural
nationalism refers to a country that is itself a cluster
of associated ethnic and cultural communities.
 It is a specific term, used mainly in social
sciences as a designation for those forms of
nationalism that are trying to transcend
(overcome) traditional boundaries of basic
national identities, in order to create a "higher"
pan-national (all-inclusive) identity, based on
various common denominators.
 Pan-nationalism can occur as a specific
variant of all common forms of nationalism. In
relation to classical state nationalism, pan-
nationalism manifests itself through various
political movements that are advocating the
creation of "higher" (pan-national) forms of
political identity, based on a regional or
continental grouping of national states (for
examples: Pan-Americanism, Pan-Africanism,
Pan-Arabism, Pan-Iranism).
 In terms of ethnic nationalism, pan-nationalism
can also manifest itself through specific ethnic
movements that are advocating the creation of
"higher" (pan-national) forms of common
identity that is based on ethnic grouping (for
example: (Pan-Germanism or Pan-Slavism).
10. DIASPORA NATIONALISM – is an ethnic
population residing outside their traditional
homelands. In this type of nationalism, there is a
nationalist sense. (Jews in the United States)
 Diaspora nationalism, or as Benedict
Anderson terms it, "long-distance
nationalism", generally refers to nationalist
feeling among a diaspora such as the Irish in
the United States, Jews around the world after
the expulsion from Jerusalem (586 BCE), the
2|Page
Lebanese in the Americas and Africa, or
Armenians in Europe and the United States.
11. STATELESS NATIONALISM – On nationalist
basis an ethnic or cultural minority within a nation-
state aims independence.
12.NATIONAL CONSERVATISM – a political term,
mainly used in Europe, to describe a version of
conservatism that focuses more on domestic
interest than conventional conservatism, while not
being unduly nationalist or pursuing a far-right
agenda.
13.REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM – is an
ideological theory that calls for domestic group
united by a shared sense of intent and destiny, also
known as radical nationalism. Developed by Benito
Mussolini. This intellectual synthesis of “radical
nationalism and dissident society’’ was created.
14.LEFT-WING NATIONALISM - also sometimes
referred to as socialist nationalism, relates to any
political movement combining left-wing or socialism
with nationalism.
What is PATRIOTISM (NATIONAL PRIDE)
 is a sense of love, dedication and attachment
to a country and an alliance with other people
who share the same impression. This
attachment can be mixture of many distinct
emotions, including ethnic, cultural, political or
historical elements, related to one’s own
country. It is a predominant virtue linked to a
nation’s love, with greater emphasis on values
and beliefs.
 One who is patriotic will be willing to offer any
sacrifice to his nation. He’ll never live alone
egotistically.
 For no other reason than being a citizen of the
nation, patriotism is a dedication to one’s
nation. In essence, patriotism is a sense of
attachment and dedication to a country,
nation, political community or just country
love.
KINDS OF PATRIOTISM.
 Patriotism of Duty - fidelity to one’s nation
through material acts. This is military service
patriotism and other selfless sacrifice types.
This is where patriotism becomes embodied
and its ideals take praiseworthy particular
actions.
 Patriotism of Affection – this is a kind of
patriotism by the heart. It is about one’s internal
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
desire for his country well-being. The patriotism
of affection can be seen in the patriotism of
duty, but it does not necessarily result in it; one
can truly love his country and yet be coward,
just as one can theoretically fulfill a patriotic
duty and yet feel apathetic about the country
welfare.
 Patriotism of Manners – this is customs
patriotism, written and unwritten. It can be
performed by anyone without actually needing
affection or duty patriotism and this will be
established by a set of protocol.
TYPES OF PATRIOTISM
1. Personal Patriotism – emotional and voluntary.
It adheres to certain patriotic values, such
as respect for the flag or honoring of veterans and
among others.
2. Official Patriotism – promoted by the
government which has a high symbolic and
ceremonial content. It is a logical consequence of
the state itself, which derives legitimacy from being
the expression of the common good of the political
community, e.g. national monument and
commemoration ceremonies. It relies on the
symbolic act.
3. Symbolic Patriotism – in wartime is intended to
raise morale, in turn contributing to the war effort.
4. Peacetime Patriotism – cannot be so easily
linked to a measurable gain for the state, but the
patriot does not see it as inferior.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM?
 In patriotism feelings are based on the
country’s positive values—like liberty, justice
and equality.
 The patriot thinks that both their country’s
state system and individuals are inherently
good and working together to achieve a better
quality of life.
 On the other hand, nationalism emotions are
based on the belief that one’s nation is
superior to all others. It also holds a
connotation of the other countries “distrust or
disapproval, leading to the premise that other
states are competitors.
 While the patriots do no degrade other
countries automatically, nationalist do,
sometimes to the point of calling for the global
dominance of their country. Nationalism is the
polar opposite of globalism by its protectionist
beliefs.
 According to Sydney J. Harris, the patriot is
proud of his nation for what it does, while the
3|Page
nationalist is proud of his nation whatever it
does
Filipino Nationalism
 Filipino nationalism started in the Philippines in
the 1800s with an upsurge of patriotic feelings
and nationalistic ideals resulting from more than
two decades of Spanish rule.
 This served as the backbone of, and continues
to this day, the first nationalist revolution in
Asia, the Philippine Revolution of 1896 ( Joaqs,
1990).
 These nationalistic feelings have resulted to a
comprehensive campaign in the Philippines for
political, social and economic liberty.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
 The Philippines had been split into various
principalities known as " Barangays" in the
years before the 11th century, a name
originating from Malayan ships called "
Balangays." Datus. Rajahs or sultans governed
these tiny political units (Halili, 2004). In 1565,
when Spanish explorer Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi arrived from Mexico and established
the first European colonies in Cebu, European
colonization started in earnest.
 Starting with only five ships and five hundred
men accompanied by Augustinian monks and
further strengthened by two hundred soldiers in
1567, he was able to repel competing
Portuguese colonizers and lay the foundation
for the Spanish colonization of the archipelago.
The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism
 The Spanish occupied the kingdoms of Maynila
and tondo in 1571 and founded manila as the
capital of the Spanish east indies ( kolinsky,
1999). This Spanish colonization united the
archipelago of the Philippines into one political
unit.
 Originally, the word " Filipino" referred to the
Philippines " Spanish Criollos." The Spanish
leaders described the natives as Indians during
their 333-year rule over the Philippines (royeca,
2012).
 The Spaniards born in the Philippines. More
known as Insulars, criollos, or creoles, were
also called " Filipinos" during the colonial era as
well. Spanish born Spaniards or Philippine-
based continental Spaniards were referred to as
peninsulars.
 Those of blended heritage have been called
mestizos. Despite being considered inferior by
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
the peninsulars, the creoles had enjoyed
numerous roles of state and church, and
composed most of the bureaucracy of
government.
 The feeling of domestic awareness originated
from the creoles, who now consider themselves
" Filipino."
 Three significant factors, economy,
education, and parish secularization brought it
to its emergence.
OTHER CONCEPT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
 Nationalism is the secular identification and
engagement of our people with the Filipino
nation and domestic community, the Philippines
as our country and homeland.
 It goes beyond our Family, Clan, Tribe, Village,
City, Province, Region, Local culture and
Religion. First and foremost, it is being pro-
Filipino; believing that we belong to one body,
mind, soul and spirit. I
 It's a pride to be a Filipino; self-respect as a
Filipino; pride in our national cultural heritage
and manner of life, with their constraints being
realized.
 It involves pride in our heroes, pride in our flags,
national anthem and other symbols of our
nationhood; national pride and dignity inspired
by willingness to serve our nation alone and
with dedication, and to sacrifice for it, if
necessary, with our own lives.
 It is a tool of change and reform; it aims our
moral and spiritual regeneration, our liberation
from ignorance, bigotry ( intolerance towards
those who hold distinct views of themselves),
parochialism ( narrow- mindedness), feudalism
( a system in which higher-ranking individuals
gave land and protection and worked and
fought for them in exchange); colonial mentality
( the internalized attitude of people's racial or
cultural inferiority as a consequence of
colonization), bribery and distorted elitism ( an
elite's advocacy or presence as a dominant
component in a scheme or community).
 In other words, as Filipinos, it has a powerful
national identity send and a high-minded intent.
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART
ON OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES:
a. “PAGSASARILI” - (self-reliance)
b. “PAKIKISAMA” - (equitable sharing and
partnership)
4|Page
c. “PAGKABAYANI” - (national unity, national
consensus and discipline),
d. “PAKIKITUNGO”- (consideration)
e. “PAKIKIPAGKAPWA-TAO” - (human
solidarity based first of all on developing our
nation)
f. “PAGKAKAPANTAY-PANTAY” - (equality
and equity).
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW
FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM
To show your sense of Filipino nationalism,
everyone must:
 Work
 Act
 Participate
 Respect
 Stand Proud
 Love
1. Respect the Philippine flag and value Filipino
identity
 Being Filipinos, we should respect our
Philippine flag, and its purpose.
 The history and value of this flag are
connected to the freedom we have today.
 Encourage our fellowmen to participate and
respect our flags and its anthem and even our
different symbols.
 They provide us our identity as Filipinos or
citizens of the beautiful republic of the
Philippines.
2. Be productive
 Do not rely on everything and then blame
our government, but instead make yourself
productive and helpful to the nation.
Because some of the Filipinos are blaming
the government for any adverse things our
nation would strike.
 True, there are some corrupt political
position holders. But they're are not all. The
only issue here is that we rely too much on
our government then blame them afterwards
 We should learn to stand on our own feet
and be productive and helpful not only for
ourselves, but also for everyone.
3. Be aware of the issues in our country
 We must be aware and updated on the
significant issues happening in the country.
Extend help to the needy fellowmen,
especially the victims of disasters like
typhoons, flooding, and the like.
 Naturally, all of us media in our daily life.
We could already demonstrate our
nationalism to our nation by using this
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
media. Some of our fellow Filipinos used the
authority of the press to extend their
assistance to others in the past calamities
that hit our nation. The published some data
about how other individuals might be able to
assist disaster affected individuals.
4. Stand proud for every achievement
 Filipinos are competitive in many ways
around the world.
 They are proud to be Philippines and to be
brought to the nation for the awards. For
their accomplishment they unite every
Filipino.
5. Patronize and support our own products
 The Philippines has rich resources to create
quality goods and the products. The
manpower services we provide are also
globally competitive. Our economy will
improve more if we ourselves patronize our
own products which characterize our
creativity, resourcefulness, and industry.
 In spite of Filipino migration all over the
globe, nationalism is also self-evident.
Millions of Filipinos now support goods and
products made by the Philippines outside
the Philippines. Everything is feasible with
the emergence of a world economy based
on information driven by free trade, market
economy, and open capital markets.
 The Philippine products live up to the
standard of quality in all modesty.
6. Preserve the Filipino culture
 Philippines is rich in various colorful cultural
elements. They are our identity. Be proud
and preserve the culture we have for they
are our treasure. We have to keep them for
the future generation.
 Migrants Filipinos who have practically
grown most of their life overseas almost
always return to the Philippines to explore
our lovely beaches and the feature
attractions a nation with 7,107 islands offers.
Filipinos maintain a periodic TFC (The
Filipino Channel) subscription to get in
contact with every Filipino, forget about
homesickness while overseas, and instill the
Filipino values that we see on their
television.
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions
 Filipinos are very courteous and respectful.
You will acknowledge a Filipino individual
everywhere you go because he or she has
always been respectful of the elders and
others using the common but certainly classic
" ho," "oho," " po" and "opo." Even in modern
5|Page
times, many Filipinos show and value their
noble norms and traditions.
 Although Filipinos overseas have held
themselves as the peak of their interest in the
prism of their domestic uniqueness with a
passionate approach to political, social and
economic liberty. Filipinos may have plurality
in terms of divided islands, language, religion,
and ethnicity, but they share a common
country love and vision for a better
Philippines.
8. Speak out our own language
 Using our own language is manifesting and
preserving our national identity.
 It is our unique means of communicating and
interacting with our fellowmen.
 Our language is an important tool to achieve
further unity and national development.
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes'
sacrifices for our country
 There were many Filipinos who died for our
democracy, freedom, and independence.
Some fought using their pens and tongues,
while some used the power of their arms and
weapons.
 Each had their own way of showing their love
and respect to our country. In today's
generation, let us value and treasured our
heroes sacrifices and devotion for our country.
10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our
countrymen
 The essence of life for most Filipinos is to
create their family and nation a part of their
enduring engagement.
 They many even express their dedication to
unpopular choices born to the advantage of
the majority.
 We are strongly committed to our
obligations. Filipinos create an all-out effort
to work and make private sacrifices around
the clock over the weekend hard work.
 These values, combined with an abundant
reservoir of patience, have been inculcated
by our beloved parents to our youthful
minds.
 Bravery of Filipino workers abroad is ideal
evidence of human sacrifice for family love
and nation love.
 Being away from home and dealing with the
problems of life in a nation you knew no one
and risking yourself into many foreboding
dangers are exemplary, particularly when
serving a well-formulated task of supporting
our family's necessities back home by
sending remittances that, in turn, would help
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
increase the economy of the nation and
make it more financially stable through
monetary asset.
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTE A
SENSE OF NATIONALISM
1. The Philippine Flag with red, white, and blue
colors and a yellow sun representing the
provinces of the country.
2. Coat Of Arms of The Philippines also
featuring the yellow sun with 8 ray's depicting
the original provinces in the Philippines.
3. Lupang Hinirang (chosen land)- the
Philippine national anthem
4. Sampaguita (jasminum sambac)- the
national floAwer of the Philippines;
symbolizing purity and simplicity, the flower is
small, white, and pleasantly fragrant.
5. Narra (pterocarpus) - the national tree of the
Philippines; also known as rosewood, it is
strong, sturdy and durable- a common
rainforest tree.
6. Dr. Jose P. Rizal - the national hero of the
Philippines.
7. Cariñosa or Tinkling - the Philippine national
dance. Gracefulness is symbolized by this
dance.
8. Carabao (water buffalo) - A Philippine
national animal. It symbolizes industriousness
and hard work due to its use on many farms in
the country.
9. Bangus (milk fish) - the Philippines' national
fish. It symbolizes versality, because of the
many ways in which it can be cooked.
10. Mango - The national fruit Philippine mangoes
are considered the sweetest fruit in the world.
11. Barong - The Philippine national costume or
clothing style for men -(untucked shirt of thin
fabric displaying Chinese, IndoMalayan
tropical and Hindu influences) for women:
Baro’t Saya (skirt and blouse with no collar).
12. "Bayan ko" and “Pilipinas Kong mahal” are
the Philippine national songs.
13. Arnis - the Philippine national sport (stick
fighting).
14. Anahaw (livistona rotundifolia)- the Philippine
national plant. This plant is often used as hat,
umbrella, or fan symbolizing the Filipino's
resourcefulness.
15. Nipa hut - the Philippine national house;
typically, a small bamboo house with attached
roof.
6|Page
IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PERSONS
IN THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
The Opening of the Philippines to World
Commerce
 On 1834, manila was officially part of the
world commerce after reviewing different
economic policies 1834-1873.
 This is the period of the development of
agriculture in the country because foreigners
shared their agricultural ideas. Various ports
opened in 1855 in Sual, Pangasinan, Iloilo and
Zamboanga, in 1860 in Cebu and in1873 in
Tacloban.
 Consequently, strong financial activity in the
colony was stimulated that made the lives of
the Filipinos prosperous. Modern farming
techniques were introduced and the means of
transportation and communication were the
boost financial advancement, boost tobacco,
sugar and abaca manufacturing.
How Some Filipino Become Illustrados?
 The middle class or the "illustrados" were the
educated Filipinos who, by writing essays,
articles, novels or publication in news journal
called " La solidaridad," campaigned for reform
in the colony in a peaceful way.
 They were made up of the " Principalia" or
those belonging to the Spanish or Chinese
mestizos indigenous to Filipino or upper class.
Their families were "inquilinos" who leased
property to the friars. Agricultural production
evolved during Philippine's opening to world
trade, which led them to become rich.
 They were able to improve their social status
and send their children to European schools.
They later clamored for reforms and equality,
and their children became propaganda
movement members.
Influx of Liberal Ideas
 Suez canal’s opening shortened the distance
between the Philippines and Spain. This paved
the way for liberalism to enter the nation.
Europe brought liberal concepts such as
equality, freedom and brotherhood and the
establishment of the Spanish republic; more
Spaniards came to our nation and imparted
liberal thoughts to the Philippines.
 They carried liberal books and the magazines
with them. Not only in manila, but also in the
provinces that occupied positions municipal
government, the amount of Spaniards is
increasing. With only a concern to improve
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
material wealth and gain social prestige by
gaining authority in society, more friars are
increasing. Colonizers keep the Filipinos tightly
protected.
Secularization Movement
There Are Two Types of Priests:
1. Regular priest or friar curates - they belong to
specific religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits,
Augustinians, Franciscans, and recollects. Only
Spanish priests could be regular priests.
2. Secular priests or parish priests - these
priests were not religious orders and were under
the archbishop’s oversight.
1565
 Religious order took control of the parishes
in the Philippines these are the Augustinians,
recollects, Dominican, and Franciscan.
Council of Trent
 It was stated that secular priests should
control the parishes relates deacons and
priests who are not monastics or members
of a religious institute. But few secular
priests are accessible because some of
them have been sent to America.
Father Pedro Pelaez (1862)
 Exposes the discrimination of the Filipino
clergys and the racial and national conflict
with the friars.
January 20, 1872
 Two hundred Filipino troops and employees,
led by Sgt. Fernando la Madrid, who took
control of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite,
mutinied against Spaniards.
 Gov. Laquierdo sent troops forthwith to
quench the rebellion. The ring leaders were
murdered and persecuted by la Madrid,
accusing the GOMBURZA as the rebellion's
mastermind.
Francisco Zaldua – A Bicolano soldier who
testified against the GOMBURZA.
February 17, 1872 - The day of execution of the 3
priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan).
GOMBURZA - Refers to the three martyrs: Gomez,
Burgos, and Zamora.
Father Mariano Gomez\
7|Page
 A Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held
the most senior position of the three as
archbishop's vicar in Cavite. He was truly
nationalistic and accepted the death penalty
calmly as though it were his presence for
being pro- Filipinos.
Father Jose Burgos
 Is a Spanish descent, born in the Philippines.
He was a parish priest of the manila
cathedral and had been known to be close to
the liberal governor general de la Torre.
 He was 35 years old at the time and was
active and outspoken in advocating the
Filipinization of the clergy. He wrote to
defend the seculars and was known to weep
like a child.
Father Jacinto Zamora
 Was also a Spanish, born in the Philippines.
 He was the parish priests of Marikina and
was known to be unfriendly to and would not
countenance any arrogance or authoritative
behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain.
 He once snubbed a Spanish governor who
came to visit Marikina.
Issues On the Three Priests
1. Father Gomez - Participated in
secularization but no longer active in 1872
and he was already more than 80 years old.
2. Father Burgos - Involved in the issue of
secularization.
3. Father Zamora - Victim of mistaken identity
since the warrant of arrest was addressed
to a certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of
Spanish government at that time.
GomBurZa Execution
 The parishes were assigned to regular
priests because of the death of secular
priests in the 19th century. The Spaniards
wanted the secular priests to be silenced.
Thus, father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez,
Jacinto Zamora- were executed in February
17, 1872 by garrote after being implicated as
master minds in Cavite mutiny.
 At the death of the three priests the crowd
paid respect when they removed their hats
and knelt down. The bells rang all over the
city upon the order of archbishop Melito
Martinez.
Garrote
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
 Is an execution technique previously
practiced in Spain where a tightened iron
collar is used to strangle or break a
convicted person's neck.
 It is said to be the form of execution
performed to the three priests.
The importance of 1872, GomBurZa Execution
 It is considered as the beginning of the
Filipino nationalism in the Philippine history
because the three priests were innocent yet
accepted the brutal punishment for the
nation.
Propaganda Movement or Reform Movement
 Also known as Junta de propaganda,
Cuerpo de Compromisarios and La
solidaridad, was founded in 19th century by
the Illustrados, to improve the lives of low
indios thru reforms or changes implemented
in the colony.
 The founders were Dr. Pedro Paterno and
Gregorio Sanciangco, Doctors of law who
laid the foundation of the movement in
Madrid.
Propaganda
 Refers to the systematic efforts to spread
opinion and beliefs by means of pen and
tongue; literally means the propagation of a
given opinion.
The Goals of Propaganda Movement
1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes
(Legislative branch in Spanish government).
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the
right to hold parishes
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and
assembly
Major Causes for the Establishment of the
Propaganda Movement
1. Emergence of middle class
2. The liberal administration of gov. General
Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada-
3. Execution of GOMBURZA
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic
Filipinos
Propagandists or Reformist
 These were the Filipino reformers who fled the
country to escape persecution in 1872. They
didn't have the intention of achieving social
changes through armed struggle and
8|Page
revolution rather they campaign for reform or
change by way of writing.
 They advocated reform by writing books,
pamphlet and newspapers. They were
popularly known as Illustrados (intellectuals) in
Spain, England and France.
THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19TH
CENTURY
1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal
2. Graciano Lopez Jeana
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
 Regarded as the conscience of the
movement and the most prolific writer
among the propagandists.
 His pen names are Dimasalang and Laong
Laan commonly known and acclaimed as
the "Father of Philippine Nationalism" due
to his intellectual and idealistic support for
Philippine independence.
 For him Spanish colonial system itself
should be blamed for the unfortunate state
of the Filipinos and the colony.
 Dr. Jose P. Rizal- was born on June 19,
1861 in Calamba Laguna. At the age of 3,
he learned his alphabet, at the age of 8, he
wrote a poem entitled " SA AKING MGA
KABABATA" ( to my fellow children) a poem
that talks about love for one language. At
the age of 9, he was sent to private tutor
Don Justiniano Aquino Cruz. In 1872,
changed his family name from mercado to
Rizal because mercado was closely
identified to fr. Burgos who was executed by
Spanish authorities. In
 1877, he graduated bachelor of arts in
Ateneo, Municipa. He enrolled in university
of Sto. Tomas, took up medicine while
taking up Agrimensura (surveying) in
Ateneo.
 Rizal's poem A LA JUVENTUS FILIPINA (to
the Filipino youth) won the first prize in
literacy contest sponsored by LICERO
LITERARIO- ARTISTICIO.
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
 MARCELO H. Del Pilar Was regarded as
the greatest journalist of reform movement.
Born on august 30, 1850 in San Nicolas,
Bulacan. He used his grandmother's
surname based on gov. General Narcos
Claverias decree in 1849- "Filipinos should
not adopt a Spanish surname."
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
 He studied Latin in manila, and successfully
obtained the degree in bachelor of arts at
colegio de san Jose. He took up law at
university of Sto. Tomas but unable to
Finishbit because he was suspended when
he inquired the increase in baptismal fee.
He was also imprisoned for 30 days for this
offense.
 He married his second cousin Marciano del
pilar where they have 7children but only 2
survived, Sofia and Anita. He was
passionate in his campaign against
Frailocracy.
 He delivered speechless in baptismal,
fiestas and even in cockpit arenas to
exposed the abuses of the friars and the
injustices his family experienced from them.
 Marcelo H. Del pilar was a journalist who
mastered the use of satire (the use of
humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to
expose and criticize people's stupidity or
vices, particularly in the context of
contemporary politics and other topical
issues).
 He was the co-founder of the first bilingual
newspaper in the Philippines “Diariong
Tagalog" where he published his
nationalistic article including the Tagalog
translation of Jose P. Rizal's "EL AMOR
PATRIO." His other writings were:
A.Caingat Cayo - he defended here the noli
me tangere of Jose P. Rizal.
B.Dasalan At Toksohan - collection of
revised catholic prayers where he exposed the
true nature of the friars.
C. He change ama natin to Amain namun,
aba Ginoong maria into aba Ginoong barya,
D. Damping utos ng diyos to sampung utos
ng prayle.
E. Pasiong Dapat Ipag-alab nang piso ng
taking nabasa
F. La soberania monacal en filipinas
(monastic supremacy in the Philippines)
G. La frailocracia filipina (the frailocracy in the
philippines)
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
 He was born in Jaro, Iloilo on December 18,
1856. His parents encourage him to become
a priest. However, Graciano wanted to
become a doctor. He left the seminary and
enrolled in the school of medicine in
university of sto. Tomas but due to financial
difficulties he wasn't able to finish his
medical degree and forced to go back in
9|Page
Iloilo. The poor people of Iloilo consulted him
for medical problems.
 He started the campaign for freedom in 1874
by writing "FRAY BOTOD" ( la guns de fraile)
means " big - bellied friar." In his work he
revealed the gluttony, indolence and
greediness of friars as represented by fray
Botod.
 He went to negros occidental to avoid arrest
in 1880, and then he went to Valencia Spain
and continues his medical degree but later
shifted to journalism in Madrid. Graciano was
a former staff of LOS DOS MUNDO - news
organ in Iloilo and was acclaimed as the
"PRINCE OF THE FILIPINO ORATORS”
 The great orators of the reform movement.
His pen name was Diego Laura and he
founded the La Solidaridad (solidarity) which
becomes the mouthpiece of the propaganda.
In Madrid, he wrote articles campaigning for
reforms in the Philippines. He became a
member of the freemasonry and founded
masonic lodge for Filipinos in 1889.
 For him and Marcelo H. Del pilar, frailocracy
or monastic supremacy was the root cause
of impoverishment of the Filipinos under
Spanish colonialism. He has a habit of eating
sardines straight from the can, wiping his
hands at his coat and still wear it the next
day without being laundry.
OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS
DR. PEDRO PATERNO - A doctor of law who
wrote the novel entitled “Ninay" the 1st Filipino
novel that shows the Filipino's developed culture.
ANTONIO LUNA - Some of his works are Noche
Buena, a biographical sketch that depicts the actual
life in the Philippines. La Maestra de mi pueblo
describes defects of the educational system for
women. His pen name was Taga-ilog.
ANDRES BONIFACIO
Known to be "SUPREMO OF KATIPUNAN”
was one of the founders of Katipunan. He wrote a
poem, letters, essays and dialogue while his writing
are:
 Pag-ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa- wherein he
discussed the importance of loving
motherland.
 Katapusang Hibik Ng Pilipinas Sa Inang
Espanya.
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
 Ang dagat mabatid ng tagalog-explained
how Philippines entered an era of darkness
under the Spaniards.
 He explained in essay the meaning of word
tagalog- it did not refer to particular ethnic
group but to all inhabitants who lived near
bodies of water (tags-ilog). Everybody
should be rightfully called tagalog.
 His pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan.
 He prepared a Dacalogue to serve as guide
for katipuneros " Katungkulang Gagawin Ng
Mga Anak Ng Bayan" but later adopted the
"kartilla ng Katipunan" of Emilio Jacinto.
EMILIO JACINTO
 Regarded as the " BRAIN OF THE
KATIPUNAN." Born on dec. 15, 1875 in
Trozo, manila.
 He took up bachelor of arts from Colegio de
San Juan de Letran. He took up law from
university of Sto. Tomas but he was not able
to finish it because of revolution. He joined
Katipunan in 1894 under the name of
PINGKIAN.
 He wrote KARTILLA NG KATIPUNAN that
served as moral and ethical guide for
KATIPUNEROS. His other works are liwanag
at dilim and la patria.
 He became an editor in chief of KALAYAAN,
an official newspaper of Katipunan.
 He assigned to rescue Rizal- while waiting the
ship going to Cuba but Rizal refused to be
rescued. He fought with CAZADEROS or
Spanish Rifflemen in Maimpis, Magdalena
laguna, where he was wounded on the knee.
 He died due to malaria on April 6, 1899 in sta.
Cruz laguna.
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF
KATIPUNAN
 KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na
Katipunan Ng mga Anak ng bayan or
Katipunan). This was founded on july 7, 1892,
same day that news about Rizal's exile to
Dapitan. Deodato arellano was the first
president of Katipunero followed by roman-
basa then by Andres Bonifacio.
 The KKK members were divided when it
increased more than one hundred katipon,
Kasal, Bayani. Each category has its own
password and members undergo blood
compact.
Katipuneros - Refers to the sons of the people,
used triangle method to recruit members, where
10 | P a g e
every member should recruit two new members
who would only know each other after passing the
initiation rites.
FILIPINO CORE VALUES
Basic Concept of Values
 Core values are a person’s or organization’s
fundamental beliefs.
 These guiding principles dictates conduct
and can assist individuals to know the
distinction between right and wrong.
 It also assists organizations by establishing
an unwavering guide to determine if they
are on the correct track and fulfill their
objectives.
Filipino Values System
 The Filipinos are product of the blending
race and culture of the eastern and western
inhabitants.
 They can be said as people of eastern race
with western culture or as brown Americans,
in this sense and by blood.
 They possess multi-layered influences of
Indian, Malay Chinese, Spanish, Japanese
and Americans.
 F. Landa Jocano (2001 and 2002) pointed
out that these colonizers had developed
some dimensions in Filipino culture in terms
of religious, social, economic and political
systems.
 Values are basic and fundamental beliefs
that guide or motivate attitudes or actions.
Values describe the personal qualities we
choose to embody to guide our actions; the
sort of person we want to be; the manner in
which we treat ourselves and others, and
our interaction with the world around us.
 Filipino values are ambivalent, meaning it
can be either good or bad and thus color the
uniqueness of every individual. In a general
perspective, these can be considered as
guide towards the betterment of life
because without proper values, a person
will never achieve what one aspires for.
 The Filipino value system or Filipino
values refers to the set of values or
the value system that a majority of the
Filipino have historically held important in
their lives.
 This Philippine value system includes their
own unique assemblage of
consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical
practices, etiquette, and cultural and
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)
personal values that are promoted by their
society.
FELIPE LANDA JOCANO
 He was a Filipino anthropologist and
educator.
 He says that “there are no negative Filipino
values, only the wrong use of values”.
 He identified the two models of Filipino
Value System.
1. Exogenous Model or Foreign Model
2. Indigenous Model or Traditional
Models of the Filipino Values
EXOGENOUS MODEL OR FOREIGN MODEL
 The foreign model is described to be a
"legal and formal" model.
 The foreign model was inherited by Filipinos
from Western cultures, particularly from the
Spaniards and the Americans.
 An example of a foreign or exogenous
influence is bureaucracy exhibited in
the government of the Philippines.
 Another example also includes Catholicism.
The Catholic church still remains a very
powerful force in the Philippines.
 For example, divorce is illegal because of
the Catholic church’s influence in the
government and law-making.
INDIGENOUS MODEL OR TRADITIONAL
MODEL
 The indigenous model is described as a
"traditional and nonformal" model or guide
but is deeply embedded in the
subconscious of the Filipinos.
 Examples include Bayanihan System or
Spirit of Kinship and Camaraderie,
Hospitality, Matiyaga, Magalang,
Pakikisama, Utang na Loob, Ningas Cogon,
Crab Mentality, Respect for Elders,
Mapagbigay, Celebration of “Fiesta”,
Pamamanhikan, Damayan, atbp.
Structures and Elements of Filipino Values
 Based on studies, surveys, opinions,
anecdotes, and other literature made by
experts and researchers concerning Filipino
social values or Filipino core values, along
with the Filipino character or Filipino identity
of a person or an individual known as the
Filipino.
 The Filipino value system is found to
possess inherent key elements.
11 | P a g e
 One can note
how Hiya, Pakikisama, and Utang na loob,
are merely Surface Values—readily seen
and observed values exhibited and
esteemed by many Filipinos. These three
values are considered branches from a
single origin—the actual Core Value of the
Filipino Personality—Kapwa.
 It means 'togetherness', and refers to
community, or not doing things alone. 
 The values of Filipinos specifically uphold
the following items: solidarity of the family
unit, security of the Philippine economy,
orientation to small-groups, personalism,
the concepts of “loob" or “kalooban"
(meaning "what’s inside the self", the "inner-
self", or the "actual personal feelings of the
self"), existence and maintenance of
smooth interpersonal relationships, and the
sensing of the feelings or needs of others
(known as pakikiramdam).
 In a larger picture, these values are grouped
into general clusters or "macroclusters":
namely, the relationship cluster, the
social cluster, the livelihood cluster, the
inwardness cluster, and the optimism
cluster
The “Five Core Filipino Values”
Mapagpasalamat
 This is based on Filipinos’ aspiration for
“Pamumuhay” (Life) and “Pananalig sa
Diyos at Kapwa” (Faith in God and people).
 Filipinos know how to enjoy life. This is
because we always look at the bright side of
life.
Matatag
 Being in a country prone to natural
disasters, Filipinos have adapted and
learned to be strong in times of need and in
hard situations life throws at us.
 This strength is drawn from our love for our
family and to the higher being we believe in.
 In fact, Filipinos’ common expression is
“Ayos Na”. When we are able to get through
difficulties, we say “Ayos Na”.
Masigasig
 When Filipinos dream of something, we do
everything possible to get it.
 We do it for our families and loved ones.
 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

 This is based on Filipinos’ aspiration for is to serve the public with due diligence and
“Kasaganaan” (Abundance) and “Ginhawa” always bearing in mind that they are
(Relief). accountable and duty bound to promote the
public interest.
Mapagmalasakit Valuing people and respect for human rights
 It is because of our love for the family  Police always maintain their fellow human
extended to friends, neighbors and other being’s dignity whenever they cater their
people that make Filipinos naturally needs and are delicate and cautious in
compassionate. serving and protecting them with
 This compassion enables us to help other compassion and utmost regard for their
people without asking for anything in return. human rights.
 This is based on Filipinos’ aspiration for Integrity
“Loob at Damdamin” and “Kapwa” (Other  Police take an uncompromising and
People). coherent position in the fulfilment of their
obligation to live an honest, upright and
Magalang dignified life according to the highest ethical
 The use of po, opo, and pagmamano and moral norms where their advocacy,
(kissing of the hand) are distinct Filipino values and convictions are compatible with
ways of respect. We say these words and their words and actions.
use this gesture to show our respect and Courage
love for the elderly.  From their moral strength police draw their
 The Filipinos’ respect is not just limited to collective and individual power of approach
the elderly but also to other people’s to always accept difficult duties, and they
properties, emotions, and ideas. We are courageous enough to speak out against
polite people temptation, anomalies, corruption and
exploitation and stand firm.
The Philippine National Police Core Values Empowerment
The PNP members must conform to and Police reach out and create bridges of
internalize the key principles of: collaboration, nurture volunteerism and operate in
 Love of God harmony with their clientele by training individuals
 Respect for Authority for a better and safer society in the process.
 Respect for Women
 Respect for sanctity of Marriage
 Stewardship over material things
 Responsible dominion
 Truthfulness
The Police service in the Philippines
(S.E.R.V.I.C.E)
Servant hood
 As police affirm its unconditional service
and love for the nation and individuals.
 Police value a supportive and professional
role to serves and protects its clientele and
community with honesty, utmost devotion
and commitment above private concern.
Excellence
 Police are committed in doing and making
things occur effectively and efficiently in all
of their efforts as they strive to accomplish
more consistently and outstandingly with
tangible outcomes and far beyond their
best.
Responsibility with Accountability
 Police carry out and execute their
responsibilities and tasks as their moral duty
12 | P a g e