IN BIOLOGY

AND IN ECONOMICS
WHAT IS AGING EXACTLY?

Growing up

Getting old
 WHAT IS AGING EXACTLY?

Cell death Dysfunction

an age-related progressive physiological change in an organism or a decline of

biological functions and of the organism’s ability to adapt to metabolic stress.
WHAT IS AGING EXACTLY?
 WHAT IS AGING EXACTLY?

With the damages caused by the surrounding environment like sun rays, substances,
etc., the cell regeneration process slows down over time.
 WHY DO DIFFERENT SPECIES HAVE DIFFERENT LIFESPANS?

KEY DETERMINANTS
Living Physical Genetic
environment size build
 WHY DO DIFFERENT SPECIES HAVE DIFFERENT LIFESPANS?

KEY DETERMINANTS
Living - Directly affect living things.
environment - Change how the body works.
(Ex: artic with low-temperature slow
heartbeat down, thus, slow down aging.)
 WHY DO DIFFERENT SPECIES HAVE DIFFERENT LIFESPANS?

KEY DETERMINANTS
Physical - Most of cases, the bigger the size, the
size longer the animal lives.
- One well-known explanation is bigger
animals are better against predators.
 WHY DO DIFFERENT SPECIES HAVE DIFFERENT LIFESPANS?

KEY DETERMINANTS
Genetic - Differences can occur simply due to
build differences in genetic build.
- Some animals have cells that are more
vulnerable and unreplaceable.
WHY DO DIFFERENT SPECIES HAVE DIFFERENT LIFESPANS?

KEY DETERMINANTS
- Average age: 71
- Possibly the only animal to control
life expectancy on Earth.
CURRENT SITUATION ON HUMAN POPULATION
Life expectation: 60 and beyond

Every country in the world is experiencing growth in both the

size and the proportion of older persons in the population.

Graph: POPULATION AGED 65 AND OVER

 CURRENT SITUATION ON HUMAN POPULATION

While population aging started in high-income countries. it is now low-

and middle-income countries that are experiencing the greatest change

By 2050, two-thirds of the world’s population over 60 years will live in

low- and middle-income countries.
IS AGING REVERSIBLE?
Primary cause:
- The accumulation of “senescent” cells
in tissues and organs.

Solutions:
- Using molecular tools to remove these
“senescent” cells.
- Undoing changes in gene activity:
tinker with genes that transform adult
cells back into embryonic ones.
 ANTI-AGING REMEDIES?
1. Pay attention to your diet:
- Consume more fresh fruits and vegetables, fish,
nuts,... less sugar, trans fats, processed meat,...

2. Physical activities
- Decrease sitting. Taking a break from sitting
every 30 minutes.
- Choose the stairs over elevators and escalators.
- Take part in Aerobic: 150 minutes of moderate
aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic
activity each week.
ANTI-AGING REMEDIES?
3. Limit drinking alcohol and smoking:
- Long-term and excessive drinking lead to
accelerated aging. Smokers die an average of 10
years sooner than nonsmokers

4. Sleep
- Helps the body recharge batteries

5. Try to manage stress

- Try to manage stress and lead an active social
life.
- Meditate to be more content and joyful
- Pay time with important people
 How Mental Health Changes In Different Life Stages

What is mental health?

- A state of well-being realizes his or her own abilities, copes with normal stresses,
works productively, and makes a contribution.

Mental health across human life and how it affects productivity/

performance
- Mental health won’t remain stable. There are 7 stages:

Infancy - Early Childhood - Latency - Puberty, Early & Mid Adolescence - Late
Adolescence And Early Adulthood - Adulthood - The Later Years
 How Mental Health Changes In Different Life Stages
Infancy Early childhood Latency
(0-12 months) (ages 2-5 years) (ages 5 to 11)

• strongly affected by the • has lifelong effects • a shift in the child’s

relationship and mental organization.
interaction with their • learn how to do things
primary caregivers. themselves • face mental and
emotional issues
• learn how to cope with • grow up with a sense of
primitive anxieties self-efficacy. • need strong attachments
to adults
• develop a sense of trust
and hope and a holding
capacity
 How Mental Health Changes In Different Life Stages

Puberty, Early & Mid Late Adolescence Adulthood The Later Years
Adolescence And Early Adulthood

• a highly • emotional • emotionally • unidentified or

important phase instability and stable and calm unnoticed
• personality negative • make • external losses
become shaped emotions adjustments in
and organized the different
• seek major areas.
independence • expressed in
worries.
 Vietnam
- “Golden population”
- The population is aging at the quickest rate
in the world, bringing great pressure to the
socioeconomic.
- In the period 2009-2019, the total
population increased by more than 1%/year,
and the elderly population increased by more
than 4%/year → proving the aging in our
population
Japan
- Japan's population in 2019 fell at the
fastest rate ever → reflecting the trend of
a rapidly aging population and low birth
rate.
- Japan has become an aging culture over
the past 25 years because the proportion
of senior people was just more than 14%
in 1994.
 Impact

Future Workforce Social Security

Generational conflicts
 SOLUTIONS

- We must recognize them as a support for the younger generations.

- We need to transform the challenges into opportunities.
- Nursing tourism
- Social safety nets need to be implemented and perfected.
 SUMMARY
- Aging is a natural phenomenon, an avoidable rule of evolution.
- When we were young, we learned and thought about a hopeful future.
- When we mature, especially as we get older, we tend to look back to the past to
conclude a long-term existence.
→ creates a resonance in all aspects
- Motivation for the development
→ the existence time of any object is limited
- Take full advantage of all the resources such as the environment, people, and
finance,… to aim for a new era according to the inevitable laws of aging.
THE END