Architecture of Brunei

Brunei is a sovereign Islamic sultanate on Borneo's northern coast in Southeast Asia. It is home
to some of Asia's most exquisite Islamic architecture, which combines classic and innovative aspects
with sophistication. Domestic (home) architecture is Brunei's most original and oldest kind of
architecture.

Geographical Factor:

Brunei is bordered on the north by the South China Sea and on all remaining sides mostly by
East Malaysian state of Sarawak, which also separates the country into two unequally sized portions.
The western part is the largest of the two and is home to Bandar Seri Begawan, Malaysia's capital city.
Tropical lowland rainforest dominates the environment, with occasional hilly areas inside Brunei's
woods. The capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, and also the oil town of Seria, are significant localities.

Geological Factor:

Brunei's soils are profoundly worn, heavily leached, and infertile in general. The finest
agricultural potential may be found near rivers and in some portions of the shoreline lowlands, where
richer alluvial soils can be found. Some locations have a lot of white quartz sand. Three-fifths of the
nation is covered in virgin tropical rainforest, while the remaining one-fifth is covered in secondary
forest. The Dipterocarpaceae family (a family of 16 genera: derived from a Greek word that refers to
two-winged fruit) of hardwoods dominate the undisturbed rainforest. In the badly drained lowlands of
the Belait and Tutong rivers, large stretches of freshwater and peat swamps may be found, while
mangrove swamps can be found in the lower riverine reaches and protected coastal locations. The
rainforest's diverse vegetation provides habitat for a wide range of species.

Climatic Factor:

Brunei's temperature is hot and humid all year, due to its location on the northwest coast of
Borneo inside the equatorial tropics, as well as the Southeast Asian wind systems generated by the
region's atmospheric pressure distribution. The northeast and southwest monsoon systems impact
Brunei's climate, which is moderate. The northeast monsoon season lasts from December to March, and
the southwest monsoon season lasts from June to September.

Social Factor:

The Barunay, the most significant and powerful ethnic group is divided into four social classes:
nobles, aristocrats, common people, and slaves, but enslavement is no longer enforced. Since class
membership is completely generational, an individual inherits his or her father's class and is unable to
ascend or fall to any other class. There were no social classes among the Kadayan. The prename terms
of honor used in greeting or referring to nobility are the sole external evidence of social stratification.

The capital and its environs are home to more over half of the population. The capital has
undergone remarkable growth during the last two decades. Settlements in the three adjoining districts
are connected by a series of roads and highways; Temburong is only navigable by boats from the capital
region.
 The gold-domed Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque; the Nurul Iman Palace (1983), the world's biggest
residential palace; the Royal Regalia Building (1992); the Royal Audience Hall (1968); and the Legislative
Assembly dominate the architecture of the city and its surrounds (1968). Two kilometers downstream
from the capital sits the tomb of the Fifth Sultan. Since 1786, the Royal Mausoleum was in use. Many
significant public festivities take place at Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium. In the previous ten years,
several parks and recreation facilities have been built.

Sources:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Brunei

https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/brunei-darussalam/climate-data-historical

http://bruneiweather.com.bn/climate

https://www.britannica.com/place/Brunei/Justice#ref278991

https://www.archdaily.com/country/brunei

https://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Brunei-Darussalam.html