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Dehradun CMP - 2021 - MURP - Assignment 1
Dehradun CMP - 2021 - MURP - Assignment 1
Dehradun CMP - 2021 - MURP - Assignment 1
Contents
1. Assessment of Dehradun - Rishikesh – Haridwar Metropolitan Area Mobility Scenario ..... 4
1.1. Road Network........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2. Public Transport ................................................................................................................... 5
1.3. Intermediate Transport System ........................................................................................... 7
1.4. Existing Transport and Traffic Characteristics ................................................................. 9
1.5. Road Network Characteristics ........................................................................................... 10
1.5.1. Parking Characteristics .............................................................................................. 11
1.5.2. Speed and Delays on roads ......................................................................................... 12
1.6. Traffic Characteristics........................................................................................................ 13
1.6.1. Accidents & Black spot ............................................................................................... 13
1.7. Observed Key Transport Deficiencies within Metropolitan Area .................................. 17
1.7.1. Mode of Transport ...................................................................................................... 17
1.7.2. Road Network.............................................................................................................. 18
1.7.3. Intersections................................................................................................................. 18
1.7.4. Vehicular Parking Facilities ....................................................................................... 18
1.7.5. Traffic Management System ...................................................................................... 18
2. Reviewing the Integration status of land use and transport within the selected city .............. 19
2.1. Land use and Transport Strategy.......................................................................................... 19
2.2. Land Use Transport Plan ....................................................................................................... 21
2.2.1. Multi Nodal Transit Concept ........................................................................................... 21
2.2.3- Integrated Land Use Transport Development ............................................................... 22
2.3- Service Level Benchmarking .................................................................................................. 30
3. Assessment of the Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) scenario of Metropolitan Area;
Dehradun – Haridwar - Rishikesh - Roorkee ................................................................................... 31
3.1. Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) .......................................................................................... 31
3.1.1. Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) Definition ................................................................. 31
3.1.2. Types of Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) ................................................................... 31
3.1.3. Principles of Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) ............................................................. 31
3.2. Existing scenario of Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) in the study area .......................... 31
3.3. Existing Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure facilities in the study area ..... 31
3.4. Existing Service Level Benchmark for the study area.......................................................... 32
3.5. Travel Demand Model for Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) ............................................ 33
3.6. Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) related goal, objectives and Strategies ......................... 33
5.2. Economy................................................................................................................................... 46
5.2.1 Dehradun ............................................................................................................................ 46
5.2.2 Rishikesh ............................................................................................................................. 47
5.2.3 Haridwar ............................................................................................................................. 47
5.2.4 Roorkee ................................................................................................................................ 47
5.3 Financing......................................................................................................................................... 47
5.3.1 Public-Private Partnership.................................................................................................... 48
5.3.2 Government Sources of Funding ......................................................................................... 48
5.3.1 Viability Gap Funding ......................................................................................................... 48
5.3.2 Smart Cities Funding ........................................................................................................... 48
5.3.3 Dedicated Urban Transport Fund at City Level ................................................................... 49
5.3.4 AMRUT funding .................................................................................................................. 49
5.3.5 External Funding Agencies .................................................................................................. 49
5.4 Transport Demand Management (TDM) measures: ................................................................... 49
5.5 Development of Fiscal Measures: ............................................................................................... 49
Public Transport Subsidy: ............................................................................................................. 50
Taxation of Private vehicles:......................................................................................................... 50
List of figures
National Highways NH72, NH72A, NH 72B, and NH58 are the main roads that
interconnect Dehradun – Rishikesh – Haridwar Metropolitan Area. The inter-city bus facilities
are operated by the Uttarakhand State Road Transport Corporation.
The route connectivity in Dehradun is 463 kilometres long, with 363 kilometres managed by
the Municipal Corporation and 130 kilometres Public Works Department (PWD) handles.
Other important roads include Gandhi Road, Rajpur Road, Eastern Canal Road and Haridwar
Bypass Road, in addition to the National and State Highway. The significant roadways in
Rishikesh are Haridwar Road, that runs through the middle of the city, and Dehradun Road,
which runs upright to Haridwar Road.
The overall length of the existing road network in Haridwar is 246 kilometres, including 214.1
kilometres which is managed by the Municipal Corporation and 31.9 kilometres by the Public
Works Department. In Roorkee, primary roadways connecting the city are Dehradun and
Haridwar Road.
All the cities other than Dehradun in the study region have notional public Transport where
only minibus facilities are provided. For intra-regional connectivity by bus, RTO has provided
permission for various roads where private providers operate buses. To Interconnect cities,
Uttarakhand Road Transport Corporation operates buses in order to bring connectivity within
the region.
Inter State Bus Terminals in Dehradun, Haridwar, Rishikesh, Roorkee and Mussoorie Bus
Stand are the important bus stations in the study region. All the buses run every 7 minutes
approximately, completing 3 to 4 trips per day on the specified path.
People in the study region rely heavily on the Intermediate Public Transport system
for everyday travel needs, that have been covered by a variety of facilities ranging from sharing
auto rickshaws operating on defined paths to private auto and Electric rickshaws. To meet this
need of people, all the cities in the site area have seven-seater sharing Vikram auto rickshaws,
three-seater auto rickshaws as well as E-rickshaws.
Vikram is a shared service that works as pseudo public transportation in the absence of
systematic public transportation while also being very cost effective for local citizens. These
are usually given permission to go within a 15-kilometer radius of the beginning place. Vikram
usually travels on specific paths. It currently has 3089 permissions, while auto rickshaws have
5605 permits. Vikram's success might be ascribed to its affordable prices (Rs. 4 to 10) and
accessibility.
Table 4: IPT Routes operated in Dehradun
Data gathering is the backbone of any transportation planning process and the basic structure
upon which planning framework relies. We have always taken this issue very seriously,
and continued the same in this study. The information is used to assess the current state of
transportation and traffic in the site area and to create an urban transportation demand model
for the same. The goal of the exercise is to learn about traffic and travel patterns in order to
identify issues related to city.
The study includes the below mentioned surveys which were conducted in order to cater the
current issues and achieve plan objectives:
The Metropolitan Area's key roadways were surveyed for road inventory. The survey gathered
information such as right of way, carriageway, pedestrian pathways, drains, parking spaces,
and surrounding land use, among other things. The following is the result of a thorough
investigation:
The road connectivity study was conducted out separately for cities in the site area such
as Dehradun, Rishikesh, Haridwar and Roorkee.
28 percent roads in Dehradun are with width ranging in-between 12 to18 metres which is
followed by 10 to 12 metres roads constituting 26 percent of surveyed road.
46 percent roads in Haridwar fall under 12 to18 metre width. Other than this, 18 to 24 metres
roads constituting 21 percent of the total roads that were surveyed.
On-street parking is commonly observed in almost every city, particularly in notable areas like
as Dehradun's Chakrata and Rajpur roads, Haridwar's Har ki Pauri region, Rishikesh's Gole
Market, and Roorkee's BT Ganj road.
According to the conducted survey, the observations in the study area are:
Dehradun account 28 percent of road network under street parking whereas Haridwar
accounts only 17 percent under street parking.
Rishikesh account 24 percent of road network under street parking while Roorkee account
33 percent of road network under street parking.
According to the results of a speed and delay survey, the average speed of private vehicles in
the urbanised regions/Cities of the Uttarakhand metropolitan site area is around 19.93 km/hr
during peak hours and 20.63 km/hr during off hours. The average speed measured on roadways
during peak and off-peak hours for cities in the metropolitan region is as follows:
Work/Job is the most common reason for travel, accounting for 76 percent of all visits in the
cities falling study area. The objective of every city trip is shown in figure 7. According to the
findings, the average travel length inside the study Area is 11.2 kilometres.
The number of accidents and blackspots determined on the basis of gathered data from
traffic cops are as follows:
Dehradun:
The Table 8 shows the details of Accident happened in Dehradun district over the years.
In addition, the below figure 8 shows map of Dehradun shows the black patches, which
highlights the areas prone to accidents and are high-risk zones for accidents due to the
location's design defects. The placement of these black spots is determined by the traffic police
department.
Rishikesh:
Here the below figure shows the Black spots which are identified by the traffic police of
Rishikesh.
Haridwar:
The table 10 shows the accidents details over the years from 2006 to 2017 in Haridwar District
Roorkee:
Figure 11 illustrates the black spots in Roorkee which include Mohanpura's Double Phatak
Overbridge, Malakpur Chungi, and Military Chowk.
Due to the lack of structured public transportation, the percentage of private vehicles in the
Metropolitan Area has increased.
Mixed traffic on all highways across study area slows traffic and causes bottlenecks inside
the cities that comprise the Metropolitan Area.
Insufficient road capacity, with restricted right of way, particularly in each city's CBD area
of the study region.
The scenario has worsened due to the inadequacy of a full road connectivity with a detailed
road hierarchy, poor use of the municipal road infrastructure, and a lack of regulatory
mechanisms.
Due to shop keepers and sellers’ encroachment on road, the carriage way congests even
more.
Lack of walkways is a barrier to pedestrian motion.
Strategies to restrict and regulate traffic that are ineffectual
Insufficient parking spaces result in chaotic on-street parking, which causes traffic jams.
The city's inadequacy in public transportation has led to poor functioning of Intermediate
Public Transport vehicles, which has caused traffic issues.
Traffic heterogeneity: The slow moving modes such as bullock carts and hand carts, which
are extensively utilised to transport goods in the city, decrease the overall pace of flow of
traffic.
Road connectivity and safety precautions are insufficient.
Deteriorating condition of roads in the cities
In the core zone, freight vehicles are loading and unloading
1.7.3. Intersections
Traffic Jam occurs at peak hours due to deficient junction layout transporting huge volumes of
traffic. Saharanpur chowk, Clock Tower, Prince chowk in Dehradun, Arya Nagar chowk,
Dudhadharu chowk in Haridwar, Natraj Chowk, Dehradun chowk, Triveni Ghat in Rishikesh,
Gulab Nagar junction, Chau Mandi, Lion Statue in Roorkee are jammed and require
modifications to enhance the existing condition.
The absence of traffic signals at the majority of key road crossings and junctions, as well
as the failure of signals placed at significant junctions
At all road crossings, there is no specific pedestrian phase in the signal durations.
Inadequate traffic police availability at road crossings and junctions
All road intersections and junctions have inadequate signage.
A lack of adequate street lighting on the roads
2. Reviewing the Integration status of land use and transport within the selected city
The core idea underpinning the integration of Land-use transport is the fundamental
motivator of urban development accessible. In the context of planning, accessibility refers to
the amount of effort necessary for individuals and businesses to engage in daily life. Based on
the utilisation of active transportation, integrated transportation and land use design may
provide high levels of accessibility.
Land use determines the structure and layout of the transportation network. Land use and
network planning must be coordinated. When there is no connectivity, land usage cannot
take place as anticipated. This plan should emphasize accessibility, connection, and
mixed-use projects to reduce automobile journeys and increase TOD, and the long-term
transportation strategy should be defined around the structural form of urban expansion.
The goal of integrated land use and transportation development is to foster balanced
regional growth per regional development goals.
Further land-use techniques for creating a transit-friendly metropolis are included beneath.
Travel Connections:
This would emphasize direct and easy pedestrian interconnections, walkability blocks, and
integrated street networks with bicycle flow and parking. Densification in neighborhood areas
would improve the efficiency of transport systems.
The transport design anticipates that people would walk a maximum of 12 miles for quality
transit and railway service and 14 miles for other bus routes. The location of buildings is a
major technique for enhancing roadways as public utilities. Consideration of the physical
layout and positioning of buildings is required for appealing transport connections.
Public Spaces:
Parking:
The placement and amount of parking facilities are critical if walkways, buildings, and public
areas are to be successful in developing transit-friendly environments. Parking structures and
shared parking spaces are 2 techniques for reducing the amount of area taken up by parking.
The distribution of land-use patterns impacts the features of urban transportation. Land-use
planning may contribute to lower trip miles and a high transit share by altering the spatial
organization of sites in the urban environment. Mixed-use planning helps to retain cycling
and walking as appealing forms of transportation by establishing a compact city.
Metropolitan region of Dehradun, Rishikesh, and Haridwar the CMP idea is based on a multi-nodal
transportation approach where the urban form and spatial configuration are integrated by two
structural components: nodes and linkages. The importance of urban activities is expressed in nodes,
which might be connected to the addition of appropriate economic activity or access to the
transportation system.
Nodes, such as railway lines and airports, are essential hubs for regional and local operations. There is
a hierarchy of nodes based on their relevance and contributions to urban services including
manufacturing, administration, retail, and distribution.
While an ancient city grows as a compact city at first, to guarantee balanced growth, a multi-nodal
transportation concept must be encouraged by encouraging additional nodes to be established in the
form of mixed-use development.
guaranteeing seamless integration of multiple modes of transportation; this will further preserve
community and development while also improving community accessibility.
Associability of tourist locations is required since the bulk of the CMP has a high amount of visitor
footfalls. Given the nature of the study region, a tourism center should be built. It should be able to
accommodate both floaters and residents. It should be easily accessible, ecologically friendly, and
have an advanced infrastructure. The city should be made more walkable in places with significant
pedestrian movement by providing larger walkways and additional non-motorized transportation
choices. Information systems should be supplied to ensure a sense of safety.
a) Dehradun:
Dehradun, as an old city, is founded on a circular zone plan, with significant enterprises
located in the city's heart, followed by numerous governmental commercial and office
centers. Following that, many travels are directed to the main city region for all recreational,
business, and leisure purposes.
To reduce congestion in the CBD region, several smaller nodes in other sections of the city
must be built, with major activity shifting to these smaller clusters. As a result of the
movement of the primary activities area, journeys meant for the urban core zone can be
reassigned to other sections of the city, decongesting the urban core zone.
As the anticipated land use for the Dehradun region in the Dehradun Master Plan is adopted,
the need to create these minor nodes with comprehensive transportation infrastructure.
Transport systems at smaller nodes should support land use growth and complements
proposed and forthcoming economic development.
Some of the locations were selected as having the potential to be developed as significant
activity hubs with mixed-use development depending on the latest Master Plan.
b) Haridwar:
The city center of Haridwar is located around the Haridwar Railway Station, which is the
primary CBD area. Hari ki Pauri, the SIDCUL region, the new market area, Jwalapur, and the
BHEL township are the major hubs. The city center is a densely populated region with a high
proportion of commercial space along the highway and a mix of land use for industry,
Ashrams, and residences.
Because the city is spreading into new locations due to rising industrial townships. The city's
northwest is being developed, with new institutional complexes in the concept and
implementation stages. Efforts may well be undertaken to decongest the city's central center
by shifting activity concentrated in Jwalapur to the outskirts.
Figure 8. Multi nodal concept and Activity centers near the city core of Haridwar
c) Rishikesh:
Apart from being a holy tourism resort with hundreds of quiet ashrams that draw people from
all over the world for meditation and yoga, Rishikesh is regarded as the gate to the Chardham
sites. Although the central region of the city is close to the Railway Station and Bus
Terminal, the primary commercial land use suffers congestion issues that must be addressed.
The figure below represents the existing development pattern of Rishikesh. Triveni Ghat is
the origin of the city center of Rishikesh's municipal borders. These places have the highest
intensity of development. Rishikesh, like Haridwar, has a lower development density as one
gets closer to the city center.
It is suggested that mixed-use development take place along the NH-72, the city's main
thoroughfare, and along the Rishikesh Bypass. Townships are planned around Nepali Farm,
as well as institutional and recreation developments along these two pathways.
Figure 11. Multi nodal concept and Activity centers around the city Rishikesh
d) Roorkee:
To offer mobility services for Roorkee, there must be a good integration of land use and
transportation throughout the region; otherwise, it would be impossible to coordinate
expansion sustainably.
Most of the new development/construction in the city is taking place in the open
agricultural/vacant areas, primarily along major roadways. It has been noticed that large tracts
of land are acquired in quantity and then subdivided into smaller dwelling properties for sale
by constructing access roads.
Parking Characteristics
Parking is reliant on the surrounding land use, and CMP presents several options for a
different site after knowing the scenario of the studied region. On-street parking is maintained
in all cities, particularly at notable sites such as Dehradun's Chakrata Road, Rajpur Road, and
others, Haridwar's Har ki Pauri area, Rishikesh's Gole Market, and Roorkee's BT Ganj Road.
Haridwar
3.1.3. Roorkee
The existing (year: 2018) percentage share of NMT is 19% and it is projected that the mode
choice of Sustainable Urban Transport in 2048 increased by 20%.
3.6.1. Goal
The Comprehensive Mobility Plan Uttarakhand Metropolitan area has four main goals that the
second goal is based on pedestrian and Non-Motorized Transport System which stated
"Ensure pedestrian and cycling safety and mobility by developing streets and areas that
contribute to a more pleasant, liveable city for residents and visitors while also supporting
public transportation."
3.6.2. Objectives
There are five objectives for achieving second goal of The Comprehensive Mobility Plan
Uttarakhand Metropolitan area which are listed below;
3.6.3. Strategies
The enhancement of footpaths and cycling facilities is part of the non-motorized transport
strategy. It also tackles the inadequacies in pedestrian and bicycle safety and accessibility at
junctions. The NMT network will connect the city to major growth centers, points of interest,
and the transport network, allowing the city to become more walkable, compact, and accessible.
The main NMT strategy for the Comprehensive Mobility Plan Uttarakhand Metropolitan area
are listed below;
Creating "pedestrian-only" plazas and streets.
Wherever feasible, providing a clean, comfortable, and complete walkway.
Introduce bicycle lanes for cyclists to travel safely.
Pedestrian and bicycle accessibility should be considered when designing crossings.
Ensure that public transportation is accessible in a safe manner.
At major intersections, zebra crossings should be provided for pedestrian safety and the
Zebra crossing must also be painted on a regular basis.
3.7. Non-Motorized Transport Plan
For achieving goals, objectives and strategies Non-Motorized Transport Plan for Dehradun,
Rishikesh, Haridwar and Roorkee has been proposed. The Non-Motorized Transport Plan
comprised with three major proposals namely; Development of Footpath, Pedestrian Facilities
to Access Transit Station, Development of Bicycle Friendly streets.
3.7.1. Development of Footpath
Dehradun:
3.7.2. Rishikesh:
3.7.3. Hridwar:
The Dehradun Smart City proposal includes 6.5km of dedicated bicycle lanes in Vasant Vihar
(3.5km) and on Saharanpur Road from Shimla Byepass to Niranjanpur Mandi (3 km). Although
it will allow for safe cycling in some areas, the absence of sufficient ROW along most streets
in Dehradun, Rishikesh, Haridwar, and Roorkee prevents the provision of continuous dedicated
bicycle tracks. As a result, providing bicycle-friendly streets that are safe for cyclists is a top
priority. On a policy level, it is proposed that all residential streets in Dehradun, Rishikesh,
Roorkee, and Haridwar be made safe for NMT users by implementing speed barriers, proper
signals, and other measures.
Non-Motorized Transport plan has mainly two major projects namely traffic and pedestrian
management measures – road marking/ signages and construction of footpaths in major four
cities like Dehradun, Rishikesh, Haridwar and Roorkee of study area. The cost estimation of
the project is 86 crores. Major funding sources are Municipal funds, AMRUT, State-Dedicated
Urban Transport Fund (DUTF) and road safety funds.
Table 0.3 Implementation for Non – Motorized Transport Plan in study area
3.9. Outcome
To achieve the goal "Ensure pedestrian and cycling safety and mobility by developing
streets and areas that contribute to a more pleasant, liveable city for residents and visitors
while also supporting public transportation."; the main strategy for the Non-Motorized
Transport plan is the Improvement of footpaths Development of bicycle-friendly streets and
the expected outcome from this will be Reduction in pollution, Increased safety for pedestrians
and cyclists , Improved access facilities , Increase in public transport share.
Manufacturers' production costs rise due to a lack of appropriate freight infrastructure and systems.
Regional travel, which must always negotiate with local metropolitan traffic and congestion, is
hampered in the region.
To address the above-mentioned congestion problem in all of its forms, local officials rely on a flexible
supply of transportation infrastructure (such as highways or public transportation routes) as needed. As
a result, public investment in the urban transportation sector increases, as does the city's transportation
footprint.
However, increasing the footprint of transportation systems merely increases the use of automobiles,
adding to total congestion. The supply-demand mismatch, on the other hand, leads to the expansion of
informal modes of transportation, such ascycle rickshaws and aut , which add to traffic problems on the
roads.
The Uttarakhand metropolitan area is being studied for a CMP. The research area is divided into 248
traffic analysis zones (TAZ), 235 of which are internal and 13 of which are exterior.
The region is very well linked by road and rail, with daily bus and train services (both commercial and
government-owned). Jolly Grant Airport, located in Dehradun, provides air connectivity. The closest
large city to the south of the study region is the national capital Delhi, which is only 250 kilometres
away. Shimla, Ludhiana, and Patiala, all located to the west of the study region, are approximately 200
kilometres, 230 kilometres, and 200 kilometres apart, respectively. A list of the state's largest cities and
cities/towns, as well as their proximity and regional location, is provided.
Rishikesh: In Rishikesh, 24 percent of the roadways are between 7 and 10 metres wide. This is followed
by 10-12 m and less than 7 m roads, which together account for 21% of all roads surveyed.
Haridwar: In Haridwar, 46 percent of the roadways are between 12 and 18 metres wide. Following
that are 18-24 m roads, which account for 21% of all roads surveyed.
Roorkee: In the Roorkee area examined, 30 percent of the roadways had right of way between 12 and
18 metres. Then comes 10-12m, which accounts for 21% of the total.
Figure 33 Road Network Characteristics - Dehradun Figure 32 Road Network Characteristics - Rishikesh
Figure 35 Road Network Characteristics - Haridwar Figure 34 Road Network Characteristics - Roorkee
Geometric progression method was utilised for population projection in Haridwar city with new
industrial area growth (e.g. Roshnabad), and a similar method was applied in Rishikesh.
The arithmetic increase approach was chosen for projection for the cities of Rishikesh and Roorkee,
based on their past growth patterns.
4.11. Conclusion
Dehradun, Haridwar, Rishikesh, and Roorkee — cities in the Uttarakhand Metropolitan study region –
are seeing greater reliance on private motor cars for personal excursions, resulting in increased vehicular
congestion and pollution. The Comprehensive Mobility Plan aimed to meet people's mobility needs by
maximising "people and commodities mobility patterns" and serving as an effective platform for
integrating land use and transportation planning. The CMP has developed a 2048 transportation strategy
for the Uttarakhand Metropolitan Study Area, which includes a transportation investment programme
including short-, medium-, and long-term projects. The approach focuses on increasing people's
mobility and fostering systems that increase throughput. Block costings have been developed based on
identified projects for execution, and projects suited to PPP and potential alternate sources of finance
have been extensively recognised. Various agencies have been designated to carry out these specific
initiatives based on the current institutional structure.
However, if we think about it, traditional microeconomics is just a special case of transport
economics, with fixed space and time, and where the good being moved is money, as illustrated
on the right.
5.2. Economy
The Uttarakhand state is the second-fastest-growing state in India. Its gross state domestic
product (at constant prices) is more than doubled from Rs. 24,786 crores in FY-2005 to Rs.
60,898 crores in FY-2012. The cities contributing to the economic growth of the states
include:
5.2.1 Dehradun
· It is the interim capital city of the State of Uttarakhand. City is hub for various famous
training institutions of national importance such as the Indian Military Academy, Indira
Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), etc., which have also played an important role in
bringing active economical, commercial and technological boom that has completely changed
the city’s old image of being a quiet and residential town.
· Dehradun has enjoyed strong economic growth in recent years, which is lately propelled by
a commercial and information technology resulting in industrial establishments such as
software technology parks of India (STPI) and SEZs (Special economic zones).
· The district has 16 industrial areas with 13 Large Scale Enterprises and 52 Medium Scale
Enterprises. Major exportable items in Dehradun include Herbs, Spices, Herbal Cosmetics,
Freeze Dried Foods, etc.
· Though the city has seen a boom in economic activity, the Dehradun district is majorly
dependent on agriculture as its primary occupation. The district enjoys many agricultural
advantages like fertile alluvial soil, sufficient drainage, moderate climate, and abundant
rainfall.
5.2.2 Rishikesh
· This city is known to have a tourist economy.
· Blessed with its topography and river Ganga, Rishikesh is now a major tourist attraction for
Religious & adventure activities.
· Rishikesh is the gateway to the Char Dham yatra which goes from Yamunotri, Badrinath,
Gangotri and Kedarnath.
5.2.3 Haridwar
· This city is famous for religious tourism and the majority of the resident population is
dependent on the same for economic activity.
· In recent times, Haridwar has also developed itself as one of the major industrial towns with the
support of the State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL)
incorporated in 2002 by the state government agency of Uttarakhand.
· A total of 550 companies are present in Haridwar which are mostly involved in logistics, electrical
goods, and automobile companies.
· Agriculture is still one of the important economic activities in the rural area of Haridwar.
5.2.4 Roorkee
· This City’s economy is dependent on the Tertiary & Primary sector.
· Being an education hub, the city doesn’t have much large-scale industries but is now
gradually witnessing industrial developments within the area, which contribute considerably
to the economy of the city.
The national average WFPR is 0.39. It is observed that the WFPR of the study area is lower
than the national average.
5.3 Financing
As per the recommendations of the Working Group on Urban Transport for the 12th Five Year
Plan, the financing of urban transport projects in the country has largely been confined to gross
budgetary support from the government and the user charges. Due to heavy investment needs
for urban transport and conflicting demands on the general exchequer, the investment in urban
transport in past has not kept pace with the rapidly increasing requirement of the sector. The
current level of user charges for limited urban transport facilities, does not make the system
self-sustainable. At the same time, providing safe, comfortable, speedy, and affordable public
urban transport to all has to be a necessary goal of the governance. The key funding sources
besides GBS and farebox can be dedicated levies, land monetization, recovery from non-user
beneficiaries, debt, and private investments. The paradigm of financing has to clearly move
towards the non-users pay principle and the polluters pay principle. There is a need for long-
term sustainable dedicating financing mechanisms to address fast worsening scenarios in the
field of urban transport. All the various components in which the investment would be required
in the 12th Five Year Plan would need to be funded through a combination of funding from
Govt. of India, State Govt./urban local body, development agencies, property development,
loan from domestic and financial institutions as well as PPP. Thus, it is imperative to identify
projects that are amenable to Government funding or PPP.
One of the particularities of the urban transport sector is that it depends on funding from several
sources and involves various partners, public and private, individual and collective.
Fiscal measures are considered to achieve a balanced modal slpit and to secure the budget necessary
to implement urban transport projects.
Fare policy: The existing fare structure of the UTC services is based on the distance traveled, terrain
of operations – hills & or plains, and type of services – ordinary, express, semi-deluxe. The fare also
includes additional tax.
The fare also includes accident surcharge and passenger amenities surcharge as below:
At a basic level, public transport brings with it several positive externalities, adding to the quality of
living for cities in many ways. These externalities can be grouped into three overall effects that make
subsidies necessary for any city:
· Addressing social inclusiveness: This is to ensure that public transport is accessible for all. Subsidizing
helps low-income earners to use public transport and prevents the problem of social inclusion.
· Addressing Urban transport issues: Public transport use brings with it positive externalities through
reduced congestion, minimizing air and noise pollution, and addressing parking needs and accidents. In
the current setup, it is not feasible to charge private vehicles for the externalities they cause. One way
is to provide subsidies for public transport.
The present tax structure existing in Uttarakhand state is as follows: For the city bus services
in Dehradun, the fare structure is:
The fare policy for public transport will continue to encourage more ridership initially. However, a
separate study should be conducted for the revision of the fare policy. The parking policy will be
inclined towards discouraging the private vehicles in the core area by improvement of public
transport. Very high parking charges for the vehicles parked in the core area are based on the land
value associated with it.
Table 11. Rates of one-time tax on the vehicles under sub section (1) of Section 4 of Uttarakhand Vehicles taxation reforms
The motor vehicle driven by electric batter or solar poer or CNG exempted from tax.
Table 12. Rates of tax on two-wheelers, three-wheelers and good vehicles under sub section (1-A) of Secgion 4 of Uttarakhand
Vehicles taxation reforms Act, 2003
Table 13. Rates of tax on public service vehicles under sub section (2A) of section 4
Table 14. Rates of tax on public service vehicles under subsection (2A) of section 4
The rate of air conditioned vehicle shall be twenty five percent more than the rates specified against
each vehicle type. To discourage the growth of personalised vehicles it could be done in the following
ways: · Increase in taxes for private vehicles · Cess on petrol · Higher parking charges · Mandatory
availability of parking space at residential houses before issuing a completion certificate