LESSON 1
I. NATURE AND CONCEPT OF
MANAGEMENT
Organization and Management refers to
the art of getting people together on a
common platform to make them work
towards a common predefined goal. It
enables the optimum use of resources
through meticulous planning and control at
the workplace.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
- Functions required to carry out the
management process of organizing and
monitoring the work performance of
individuals working together in
organizations.
COORDINATION
- Harmonious, coordinated operation of the
different parts and processes of the
organization.
EFFICIENCY
- The character of being able to produce the
maximum output of the minimum input.
EFFECTIVENESS
- Being adapted to produce an effect that
will help the organization to achieve its
objectives.
MANAGEMENT
- Getting things done through people.
- The process of organizing and managing
the activities of people working together in
organizations so that they can successfully
achieve their preferred objectives or goals.
It is also known as the process of designing
and maintaining the environment to
achieve the selected objectives efficiently.
(Heinz, Weinrich, and Koontz, 2005)
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
- Management analysis is carried out by
breaking it down into five major
management activities, making
management knowledge more
understandable. The management
functions include the following:
PLANNING
- Involve the identification of the goals or
performance objectives of the organization,
the specification of the strategic steps to be
taken to achieve them, and the
implementation of planning and integration
activities.
ORGANIZING
- Demands assigning responsibilities, setting
aside funds, and bringing in harmonious
relationships between individuals and
working groups or teams within the
organization.
STAFFING
- Indicates the filling of different job
positions in the structure of the
organization; factors that affect this
function include the size of the
organization, the types of job, the number
of individuals to be hired, and other internal
or external pressures.
LEADING
- It includes encouraging or motivating
subordinates to do their best to help the
company achieve its objectives.
CONTROLLING
- It includes reviewing and, if necessary,
correcting the performance of individuals or
working groups or teams to ensure that
they are all working towards the objectives
and goals of the organization previously set.
COORDINATION, EFFICIENCY, AND
EFFECTIVENESS: INTRISIC TO THE NATURE
OF MANAGEMENT

Management Functions — planning,

organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling
— are all going to waste if coordination,
efficiency and effectiveness are not carried
out by the assigned managers of the
organization. In other words, top-level
managers, middle-level managers and team
leaders or supervisors must all be aware of
the activities of successful organizations as
they execute their management functions.

COORDINATION
- as defined by Webster’s Dictionary, is the
harmonious, integrated action of the
various parts and processes of an
organization; efficiency is being able to yield
the maximum output from a minimum
amount of input; and effectiveness as being
adopted to produce an effect, or being able
to do things correctly. When applied to
management functions, coordination
ensures that all individuals, groups, or
teams are harmoniously working together
and moving toward the accomplishment of
the organization’s vision, mission, goals, and
objectives; efficiency, meanwhile, refers to
the optimal use of scarce resources—
human, financial, physical, and mechanical
—in order to bring maximum productivity;
and effectiveness means “doing things
correctly” when engaged in activities that
will help the organization attain its aims.