Determine the Concentration of the HCL Using Titration

Assume you are in our classroom at Elgin. I have given you a solution of NaOH with a concentration of
0.67 M, and I have given you a solution of HCL of unknown concentration. I have asked you to perform a
titration to determine the concentration of the HCl.

Materials
1. Gloves and glasses (this is an acid/base experiment!)
2. Stand
3. Funnel
4. Burette tap
5. A white card
6. 250 mL conical flask
7. Pipette filler
8. Pipette
9. Burette
10. Hydrochloric acid with a unknow concentration
11. Sodium hydroxide with a 0.67 M of concentration
12. Phenolphthalein indicator
13. Distilled water (use to clean the equipments)

Procedure
1. Conditioning all equipment to avoid any contamination. Using distilled water to clean all the
equipments at least twice.
2. Using the pipette filler to half fill the pipette with hydrochloric acid, block off the end and tilt the
pipette so that the acid washes the entire of the pipette inside, then discard the acid.
3. Make sure the burette is close, then filled it with distilled water. Open the burette and discard
the water. Do this twice to avoid any contamination.
4. Filled up the burette with sodium hydrocode using the funnel. And then run through some of
the sodium hydroxide into the tap to avoid any trapped air bubbles in the burette.
5. Note down the start position of the meniscus with the burette.
6. Conditioning the conical flash with distilled water.
7. Draw up an accurate quantity of hydrochloric acid using the pipette filler and the pipette. Filling
up the pipette slowly using the pipette filler to the 25 mL mark. Then release a suitable amount
of hydrochloric acid into the flask. At the end of the transfer, the pipette tip should touch
against the side or the bottom of the conical flask in order to release all the acid.
8. Put the white card on the base of the burette stand to observe any color change. Add two drops
of phenolphthalein indicator in the conical flask.
9. Start to release the sodium hydroxide from the burette into the acid in the conical flask, with
only small amount at a time. After each amount added, swirl the flask to mix the contents.
Repeating this step until the amount of sodium hydroxide is near the estimate end point.
10. Nearing the end point of the titration, the indicator changes color after the sodium hydroxide is
added. The color will disappear after we mix the contents by swirling.
 11. Adding drop-wise amount of the sodium hydroxide. Repeat this step until the color change of
the phenolphthalein indicator is permanent after swirl contents in the flask, which means the
endpoint has reached.
12. A one titration has been completed. Notes the surface level on the pipette, which is the volume
of sodium hydroxide left within the burette.
13. Perform this titration 3 more times to produce 3 concurrent results. The result of the first
titration is not counting because it is a rough titration. The difference between any two result
should be less than 0.1 mL, if there is a difference more than 0.1 mL, another titration is needed.
14. Complete the calculation.

A sketch of the experimental setup

Data table
Titration Volume of Initial reading / mL Final reading / mL Volume of sodium
hydrochloric hydroxide
acid / mL delivered / mL
Rough titration
Titration 1
Titration 2
Titration 3