IELTS TASK 1.

NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ CHARTS, GRAPHS & TABLES

MIÊU TẢ TRENDS (XU HƯỚNG THAY ĐỔI CỦA SỐ LIỆU)

Các đặc điểm ngôn ngữ sau cần lưu ý
1. Cách miêu tả thời gian trong biểu đồ có khoảng thời gian
Ví dụ: Ta có giai đoạn thời gian sau (a period of time)
1990-------1995-------2000---------2005---------2010----------2015
+ 1990: In 1990/ at the beginning of the period
At the beginning of the period, the percentage of graduates in the UK
was/stood/began/started/commenced at over 15%.
+ 1990----1995: From 1990 to 1995/ Between 1990 and 1995; over the next five years.
+ 1990-2015: Over/during/throughout the period
+ 1995: At that time: The figure dropped in 1995. At the time it more than doubled its figure
in 1990.
+ 2000: Until/till/ toward 2000: After rising to 25% in 1995, the figure leveled off until 2000
when it suddenly dipped to 5%
+ By 2005: By 2005, the number had grown to more that half and continue its increase
toward the end of the period
2. Cách miêu tả số liệu (5%; 10; 50; 100 km..)
Sử dụng giới từ:
+ AT: The number stood/began/finished/peaked at 20%
+ BY: The number of students rose by 5%
+ OF: There was a rise of 5% in the number of students.
+ TO: The number increased to 25% and then decreased to 10%
+ The number OF students
+ The percentage OF students
+ 20% OF students like basket ball
+ The figure/data FOR..
The percentage of students liked basket ball in Lam Son school was 35%, WHILE the figure
FOR Ham Rong school was 50%.
3. Ngôn ngữ miêu tả Trends
a. Động từ và danh từ miêu tả trends
Động từ Quá khứ Phân từ Danh từ
Tăng
go up went up gone up ----------
increase increased increased an increase
rise rose risen a rise
climb climbed climbed a climb
 grow grew grown a growth
Giảm
go down went down gone down ----------
decrease decreased decreased a decrease
fall fell fallen a fall
drop dropped dropped a drop
decline declined declined a declined

b. Từ miêu tả ít, không thay đổi hoặc dao động

to remain stable/ constant/ steady/ the to fluctuate/ a fluctuation
same to be erratic/ change erratically
to stabilize
c. Các diễn đạt khác.
an upward trend a high point / to reach a high point
a peak / to peak / to reach a peak a downward/upward trend
d. Tính từ và trạng từ miêu tả mức độ thay đổi.
Mức độ mạnh
significant / significantly sharp / sharply
considerable / considerably sudden/suddenly
substantial / substantially dramatic / dramatically
rapid / rapidly marked/ markedly
Mức độ vừa
moderate / moderately consistent/consistently
gradual / gradually progressive/ progressively
steady / steadily
Mức độ ít
slight / slightly
slow / slowly
margin/marginally
4. Từ miêu tả mức số liệu
Ít hơn roughly
just under nearly
well under merely
less than Nhiều hơn
Gần just over
around well over
approximately more than
about
6. Cấu trúc miêu tả trends
* Cấu trúc 1: Subject + verb + adverb + (data) + time.
The percentage of tourists visiting castle rose dramatically from over 20% to 45% between
1980 and 1995.
* Cấu trúc 2: There was + a/an + adjective + noun + in + the percentage/number...
(data) + time.
There was a dramatic rise in the percentage of tourists visiting castle 20% to 45%
between 1980 and 1995.
* Cấu trúc 3: Subject +demonstrated/ showed/witnessed/experienced/saw a/an +
adjective + noun
The percentage of tourists visiting castle showed/witnessed/saw/experienced a dramatic
rise from 20% to 45% between 1980 and 1995.
7. Từ nối liên kết các trends với nhau.
 and then
 after/before + verb-ing
 after/before + noun phrase
 followed by/ This was followed by
 despite + noun phrase
Despite/After a dramatic rise from over 20% to 45% between 1980 and 1995, the
figure saw a significant decline to 30% toward the end of the period.
The percentage of tourists visiting castle rose dramatically from over 20% to 45% between
1980 and 1995. This was followed by a significant decline to 30% toward the end of the
period..
It rose steadily from 1995 to 2000 and then more rapidly till 2015
It saw a dramatic decrease of 15%, followed by a marked drop to almost zero in 2000.
It showed a rapid decline in five years, reaching a low of 15% before remaining
stable at this level toward the end of the period.
Despite a slight rise to 35% in 2012, the figure suddenly dropped to 15% in 2015
8. Sử dụng đại từ để tránh sự lặp lại
This/ That/ It/ This figure/ This number/ This percentage/ This data
.9. Sử dụng từ nối để liên kết ý trong bài viết
 In term of/ Regarding (Còn/về…)
 By contrast/ In contrast/ Conversely (ngược lại)
 Likewise/ Similarly (tương tự)