SP-1109 Earthing and Bonding Rev 6.0 Oct 2018

Revision:6.
0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC Effective: Oct. 2018
Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
SP-1109
Specification for Earthing and Bonding
DEM1
Document ID SP-1109
Document Type Specification
Security Restricted
Discipline Electrical
Owner UIE4
Issue Date October-18
Version 6.0
Keywords: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole
nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise)
without prior written consent of the owner.
Page 1 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18
The controlled version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.
Revision:6.0
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Revision:6.0
ii Document Authorisation
Authorised For Issue
Document Authorisation
Document Authority Document Custodian Document Reviewer

(CFDH)
Haddabi, Salim UIE4 Haddabi, Salim UIE4 Naamani, Noora UIE44
Date : 30-10-2018 12:00 Date : 30-10-2018 12:00 AM Date : 30-10-2018 12:00 AM
AM
User Note:
The requirements of this document are mandatory. Non-compliance shall only be authorised by
the Document Owner or his Delegate through STEP-OUT approval.
A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before making
reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or
electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document Custodian or the Document
Controller.
Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by
providing constructive feedback.

Revision:6.0
iii Revision History

The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document. Details of all
revisions prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Version No. Date Author Scope / Remarks

Version 3.0 June Humaid Al Harthy Introduced Marconite as artificial
2001 method of reducing earth resistivity
Version 4.0 March Humaid Al Harthy Routine three yearly revision and
2004 TTE/41 capture experience through several
parties
Includes requirements for
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Version 5.0 Dec. ‘16 UIE44, Noora Naamani Format changed and whole document
updated
Version 6.0 Oct. ‘18 UIE44, Noora Naamani Re-formatted and the whole document
updated.
iv Related Business Processes

Code Business Process (EPBM 4.0)
v Related Corporate Management System (CMS) Documents

The related CMS Documents can be retrieved from the Corporate Management System
application CMS.
Code Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF) Document

CP-117 Project Engineering Code of Practice

Revision:6.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
II DOCUMENT AUTHORISATION ................................................................................... 3
III REVISION HISTORY ..................................................................................................... 4
IV RELATED BUSINESS PROCESSES ........................................................................... 4
V RELATED CORPORATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (CMS) DOCUMENTS ............... 4
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 6
1.1 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES .................................................. 6
1.1.1 PDO Standards .......................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 SIOP/SIEP Standards ................................................................................................ 6
1.1.3 International Standards .............................................................................................. 6
1.2 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS ............................................................................................ 6
2 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 GENERAL ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM EARTHING REQUIREMENTS ............................. 7
2.2 EARTHING SYSTEM DESIGN .................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 General requirements ................................................................................................ 7
2.2.2 Design requirements .................................................................................................. 8
2.2.3 Recommended Values of Earth Resistance .............................................................. 9
2.2.4 Artificial Method of Reducing Earth Resistivity......................................................... 10
2.2.5 Sizing of earthing conductors ................................................................................... 10
2.2.6 Earthing cables connections .................................................................................... 11
2.2.7 Earthing for camps ................................................................................................... 12
2.2.8 Temporary electrical supply for construction and maintenance work ...................... 13
2.2.9 Earthing for Drilling Rig ............................................................................................ 13
3 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 16

Revision:6.0
1 INTRODUCTION
This SP specifies the earthing & bonding arrangements for both permanent and temporary
installations in PDO sites and contractor facilities. In addition, it specifies earthing for camps
and drilling rigs.
1.1 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES

The following Standards, specifications and codes shall be consulted when applying the
requirement of this Standard. All listed documents shall be latest issue except those
documents prescribed by date.
1.1.1 PDO Standards

SP-1103 Electrical Engineering Guidelines
SP-1107 Specification for Electrical Protection System
SP-1128 Cathodic Protection Design
1.1.2 SIOP/SIEP Standards

DEP 33.64.10.10 Electrical Engineering Guidelines
DEP 33.64.10.33 Gen. Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC
DEP 80.64.10.11.Gen. Static Electricity
DEP 30.10.73.10-Gen Cathodic Protection
1.1.3 International Standards

IEEE-80-2013 IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
IEC 60079 Electrical Installations in Explosive Gas Atmospheres
(other than mines)
IEC 60079-32-11 Explosive Atmospheres Electrostatic Hazards,
Guidance
IEC 60364 Electrical Installations of Buildings
IEC 62305 Protection Againest Lightning
IEEE142 IEEE Recommended Practice for grounding of
Industrial and commercial power systems
NFPA 77 Recommended Practice on Static Electricity
1.2 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS

All requirements of this Specification shall apply. Any deviation from this specification shall be
in accordance to procedure PR-2066.
In all cases the Company shall determine the adequacy of design carried out and Works
executed by the Contractor in accordance with this Specification.

Revision:6.0
2 SCOPE
2.1 GENERAL ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM EARTHING
REQUIREMENTS
Power system earthing and bonding of permanent PDO and contractor facilities shall comply
with the guidelines as laid in DEP 33.64.10.10, DEP 33.64.10.33, SP-1103 and relevant
STDs.
 TN System shall be adopted for HV System Earthing.
 TN-S System shall be adopted for LV System Earthing.
 The type of earthing of LV & HV system whether it’s solidly earthed or through NER
shall comply with SP-1103, Appendix-2
 The earthing details of electrical equipments like HV generators, LV generators,
transformers, LV systems, DC systems, refer to IEC60364.
 Drilling rigs are generally operated at low voltage level (<660V; 50 or 60 Hz). The
generally accepted industry standard is, for reasons of security of supply, to employ a
non-earthed system of "IT" designation. The offices, associated with the drilling rig, are
generally supplied from the main drilling rig power system via step-down transformers.
The electrical subsystem supplied from these step-down transformers shall conform to
either the standard "TN-S" system or to the TN-system. Refer to STD-4-0321-01 &
section 2.2.11
 Mobile camps, e.g., seismic camps and drilling camps shall be supplied from electrical
systems conforming to the "TN-S" system. For more details, refer to section 2.2.9.
 For protection against lightning, refer to DEP.33.64.10.10 & DEP33.64.10.33 and IEC
62305.
 All substations shall be provided with lightning protection system. New 132kV OHLs
shall have lightning protection.
 For cathodic protection, refer to SP-1128.
 Temporary installations such as drilling rigs, seismic camps or any other installation
that is known to be dismantled within six months after erection, shall have a
comparable level of electrical safety as permanent installations. Refer to section
2.2.10.
 For Substation grounding design, IEEE STD 80 –2000 shall be followed.
 For Earthing & Bonding of tanker facilities, refer to DEP 33.64.10.10.Gen and DEP
80.64.10.11.Gen. The earthing system shall be able to measure and monitor
resistance in the grounding circuit. The system should verify if the ground connection
to the tanker is complete before loading and unloading is initiated.
 For static electricity, refer to DEP 80.64.10.11
2.2 EARTHING SYSTEM DESIGN
2.2.1 General requirements

An earthing system shall meet the following requirements; it shall:
 Be designed to achieve a high standard of reliability by, incorporating sufficient
redundancy.
 Achieve and maintain a resistance to earth, which shall be less than, or equal to, the
specified value over the expected life of the installation.
 Be corrosion resistant.

Revision:6.0
 Be mechanically robust and/or protected against mechanical damage and theft.

 Be capable of carrying, without deterioration, the maximum earth fault current that is
likely to occur during the expected life of the installation.
 Keep step, mesh and touch voltages below safe limits for outdoor and gas insulated
substation.
 Incorporate facilities for periodic checking of the resistance-to-earth of the earth
electrodes.
2.2.2 Design requirements

 Neutral Earthing Resistor (NER) is provided in transformer neutral earthing to limit the
earth fault current to a predetermined value to reduce damage. The magnitude is also
chosen to allow sufficient detection by protection relay and clear the faulted circuit.
With duty cycle of 10 sec the reclose of the breaker should take account of this. A
relay shall be used to monitor the neutral earthing resistor healthiness.
 Instead of using copper rod, it’s recommended to use copper cladded steel rod hollow
type. Steel rods with high quality for cathodic protection installation to be used.
 The following earth pit design shall be used for switch rack areas:
 Concrete earth pit-cube shape for unfenced area, STD-00-000000-EA-8809-90319-
0001.
 Earthing detail earth electrodes-steel pipe pit for fenced area, STD-00-000000-EA-
8809-90310-0001.
 Actual earth electrode locations shall be in accordance with the approved installation
earthing layout design drawings and calculation. The number of electrodes shall be
increased if required to obtain the design value of earth resistance.
 If the required earth resistance cannot be attained using the standard earth electrode
configuration, application of deep well earth pits should be examined and a prior
approval obtained in this regard from the Company representative.
 Use of SSD (solid state decoupler) for any pipeline isolation is not allowed due to SSD
limitation on the withstand capability for the plant short circuit level.
 Equipment interconnected by single point bonded power cables and single core cables
without armouring (polyethylene sheath) shall be bonded by a dedicated PE to provide
continuity of the PE system. This PE shall be a separate PVC-insulated copper
conductor marked green/yellow that shall be bonded to the equipment earth terminals.
Gland plates shall be made of non-magnetic material (e.g., aluminium).
 In case a CBCT is installed on an armoured single core cable, either the cable armour
shall be bonded at one side only (and a separate PE installed) or the current
circulating through the armour shall be compensated by terminating one side of the
cable in an insulating gland and installing a PE conductor through the CT to bond the
cable armour at the insulated side to the equipment earth terminal at that side. All
ground shield wire must be routed back through the CBCT and connected to the
earth bar on the load side of the CBCT.

Revision:6.0
INSULATION IN
EQUIPMENT 1 CABLE GLAND EQUIPMENT 2
CT
CABLE
PE CONDUCTOR ARMOUR
Figure 1. : CT Installed on single core armoured cable
2.2.3 Recommended Values of Earth Resistance
 Resistance to Earth should be as low as possible but practical and economical

considerations make it necessary to specify maximum values for various applications,
in the table below.
EARTHING APPLICATION EARTH

RESISTANCE
(OHM)
Power Stations 1
132 kV Substations with earth mats & deep well earth 1
electrode.
Overhead Line Structures with:
- Surge Arresters 7
- Pole Mounted Switchgear 7*
Earth grids (permanent installation) 4
Earth grids (seismic & mobile camps) 25
Local Earthing non-electrical equipment 10
Lightning Protection - general 10
Static Electricity earthing 10
Clean earth system 4
Note*: Touch voltages at operating handles are controlled by a local earth mat.
 When the earthing/grounding or bonding is provided by an entirely metallic path

(e.g.cable), a bonding resistance of less than 10 Ω SHALL [PS] be achieved.
 In Oman, the dry top soil conditions and generally rocky terrain impose a total
dependence on earth rods to obtain the required overall earthing resistance. Earthing
conductors laid horizontally contribute very little to reduction of earth resistance due to
the high ground resistivity close to the surface.
 The design calculations shall be verified by field measurements after installation of the
earthing system.
 Earth Resistivity measurements should be taken at the proposed site to assess the
number of earth rods required and the depth to which they must be driven.

Revision:6.0
 For 33 kV switchrack earthing, The overall resistance of the Switch rack earth grid in
isolated condition shall be limited to 7.0 ohm. The Switch rack earth grid shall be
connected with the station or plant earth grid to improve the overall resistance and
reliability.
 Permanent installations shall have one common earth grid, which is bonded to the
general mass of earth by at least two (groups of) earth electrodes. The earth grid shall
comprise stranded copper earthing cables with green/yellow PVC sheathing and shall
extend through the plant in the form of a closed ring. The overall resistance to earth of
the grid shall not exceed 4 ohms when any one of the (groups of) electrodes is
disconnected.
2.2.4 Artificial Method of Reducing Earth Resistivity

 Adding chemicals to the soil to reduce the resistivity, results in possible damage to
foundations, draining away of chemicals, and ecological hazards.
 It is PDO’s practice to use an eco friendly material such as Marconite Slurry as a filler
material around the earth rod. Addition of Marconite has the effect of increasing the
surface area of the earth conductor, assuming that the resistivity of the added material
is lower than that of the surrounding soil.
 Marconite shall be used as per manufacturer’s recommendation. Bentonite is no longer
approved for new installations in PDO due to its inability to maintain low soil resistivity.
2.2.5 Sizing of earthing conductors

 The table below gives the minimum size of copper conductors used as earthing
conductor. Actual earthing conductor size shall be calculated on a case to case basis.
This shall be based on a maximum prospective ground fault current for a disconnecting
device. The operating time shall not exceed 5 seconds and a maximum earth
conductor temperature of 160 deg. C
 A secondary consideration is the mechanical strength of the connection. This
consideration becomes the overriding one, if the prospective fault current is so low that
resultant sizes would be too flimsy to give a durable connection.
 The physical size of equipment can be a limiting factor, prescribing a maximum size
that can be connected. Also location (indoor or outdoor), exposure to abuse ( oil/gas
installations) play a role in selecting the minimum size. For the conditions in PDO the
maximum size to be used is 120 mm2 (based on fault current) and the minimum size
25 mm2 (mechanical strength). In the table below (minimum) sizes are given for a
number of cases.
PURPOSE OF EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE (mm²) REMARKS

Neutral connection of HV Generator 120 Note 1
Frame of HV generator 70
PE for earth fault return of HV generator 120
Neutral connection of LV generator 70
Frame of LV generator 70
PE for earth fault return of LV generator 70
Neutral connection of HV/HV transformer 120 Note 1
PE for earth fault return of HV/HV transformer 70
Neutral connection of LV transformer (HV/415 V) 70

Revision:6.0
PURPOSE OF EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE (mm²) REMARKS

PE for earth fault return of LV transformer 120
Tank of transformer 70
Surge arresters 70
Frame of motors 25
Main HV and LV switchgear 70
Sub-switchboards and panels 70
Lighting installation (supports, control boxes, etc.) 25
Main conductor in earth grid 70
Branch connector in earth grid 25
Substation earth mat 150 Note 2
Substation perimeter fence earthing 70
Extraneous conductive parts (of non-electrical 25
equipment)
Notes:
1. This applies to solidly earthed HV generators and HV/LV transformers. In case of
resistance earthing, a single core HV cable shall be used between the neutral point of the
generator or transformer and the neutral resistor (or the Single Phase Earthing
Transformer).
2. Substation earth mats shall be constructed from (50 x 3) mm bare hard drawn copper bars.
2.2.6 Earthing cables connections

 Extensible earth rods shall be installed in accordance with the Standard Electrical
Drawings Earth Cables and Connections
 Earth system cables shall be of stranded copper PVC-covered type, of cross-section
specified on the relevant design earth layout drawing. Colour of PVC sheath shall be
green and yellow.
 Both ends of these earthing and bonding cables shall be marked green/yellow.
 Connections between earth electrodes and main ring earth conductors shall be
executed in accordance with Standard Electrical Drawings and in such a way as to
facilitate the inspection and testing the earth resistance of each individual earth
electrode group without disconnection of the earth system main ring.
 All parts of earth cable conductors which are not insulated shall be suitably protected
against direct contact with the soil to prevent electrolytic corrosion. This may be
achieved by lap wrapping bared sections with green/yellow PVC adhesive tape
 All earthing termination shall be made with compression type cable lugs.
Interconnections shall be directly clamped with compression type branch connectors
as detailed in Standard Electrical Drawings.
 The resistance between each earth electrode configuration and the general mass of
earth shall not exceed 4 ohms when isolated from the main earth grid.
 Location of earth electrodes, earth conductors connections and earth cable routes
shown on the installation earth layout drawing shall be considered as diagrammatic
only, and site inspection shall be necessary to determine earth boss locations and
conductor routes prior to installation.

Revision:6.0
 Within buildings, strips of high conductivity copper, sized in accordance with the layout
earthing design drawing, can be utilised.
 Where copper tape or cable is fixed to building structure it shall be by means of
purpose-made saddles.
 Fixing shall be made using purpose-made lugs and clamps. Fixing requiring drilling of
holes through strips shall not be used.
 Where tape or cable is run in the ground or fixed externally, and is liable to corrosion, it
shall be wrapped with corrosion-resistant material. Alternatively, PVC sheathed tape
or cable may be used.
 Joints in copper tape shall be tinned before assembly, riveted with a minimum of two
rivets, and sweated solid.
 Where holes are drilled in the earth tape for connection to items of equipment, effective
cross-sectional area of connection shall be not less than that required to comply with
the IEE Wiring Regulations.
 Bolts, nuts and washers for any fixings of earth tape shall be of high-tensile grade.
2.2.7 Earthing for camps

 The LV electrical system neutral shall be solidly earthed in the vicinity of the generator
skid/trailer and the associated LV system shall have separate neutral and protective
conductors, i.e. a TN-S system as defined in IEC 60364-3.
2.2.7.1 Earthing cables

 Main earth and bonding cables shall have a cross-sectional area of at least 50 mm2.
 Branch earth cables for the purpose of bonding exposed conductive parts e.g. metal
work in toilet and shower rooms, water heaters, sewage facilities, pipes for water and
gas etc. shall have a cross-sectional area of minimum 10 mm2.
 For Bonding between mobile units, a single core copper conductor heavy duty flexible
cable (welding type) with a cross-sectional area of minimum 35 mm2 is acceptable.
2.2.7.2 Earthing and Bonding

 For the purpose of earthing of the electrical system and equipment the installation shall
have one common earth grid connected to at least two groups of earth electrodes.
 The impedance to earth of this common earth grid shall be as low as practicable with a
maximum value of 25 .
 The common earth grid shall extend throughout the installation in the form of a main
ring. Mobile units, e.g. caravans, portacabins etc. may form part of the ring.
 All exposed conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts shall be connected to
the common earth grid. Refer to PDO standard drawing STD-4-7101-001& STD-4-
7101-002. Examples of exposed conductive parts are enclosures of electrical
equipment, including electrical heaters and boilers.
 Examples of extraneous conductive parts are caravan or pump skids, tanks, water and
gas pipes, tanks, skids, pump frames, metal work in toilet/shower rooms, metal work in
kitchens, sewage facilities.
 If structural components or extraneous conductive parts are used as bonding
conductors, e.g., skids of mobile units, their conductivity must be equivalent to the
specified minimum cross-section for bonding conductors, and their continuity must not
be interrupted by structural modifications or by the influence of mechanical, chemical
or electrochemical factors.

Revision:6.0
 Wire guys, suspension wires, metal hoses and the like shall not be used as bonding
conductors.
 Each generator neutral terminal shall be solidly earthed to a dedicated earthing point
on the generator skid which shall be directly connected to a group of earth electrodes
via an insulated stranded copper conductor having a suitably sized cross-sectional
area to withstand the prospective fault current and fault clearance time with a minimum
cross-section of 50 mm2.
 In general earth electrodes shall be installed to a minimum depth of 1 m. Where this is
not possible initially, to ensure that the earth impedance shall not exceed 25  (eg by
hiring portable drilling equipment).
 Earth connections in switchboards shall not depend on welding or bolted joints
between panels or cubicles. Copper earth bars shall be provided in every case. The
connection shall be such to avoid the possibility of the connection becoming loose.
 The earth bar in the generator distribution board shall be connected to the common
earth grid with two earth wires each suitable for 100% duty.
 Cable armouring shall be bonded to the earth bar in the generator/main and sub-
distribution boards.
 Two earth studs shall be provided on diagonally opposite sides of each mobile unit.
 Cable lugs with hole suitable for a minimum 10 mm diameter size bolt shall be
provided on both ends of each earth or bonding cable.
2.2.7.3 System Testing

 It is essential that the common earth grid is tested in accordance with SP-1110 Section
2.5 in order to ensure that the impedance to earth is not greater than 25 . The test
procedure shall be as per manufacturers’ instruction of the test equipment.
2.2.8 Temporary electrical supply for construction and maintenance work

 Circuit protection conductors shall be installed to provide the return path from each unit
of any installation to the main earth terminals.
 For metal enclosures, all cable armouring shall be securely made-off, using suitable
brass compression glands with armour clamping rings, and the glands shall be bonded
together. The earthing thus provided by armouring is in addition to the separate earth
conductor described above. All armoured cables shall be terminated using double
compression cable glands.
 All portable tools and hand lamps conforming to this Specification, being either Class 2
or Class 3, shall not to be earthed.
2.2.9 Earthing for Drilling Rig
2.2.9.1 Power Generation and Distribution

 The power generation system and the electrical subsystem(s) that supply the drilling
rig only, may consist of an IT power system (ref. IEC 60364-1, Cl.312.2.3) e.g. an
ungrounded power system (ref. NEC or Canadian Electrical Code), subject to
compliance with the following conditions:
 Rig procedures for maintenance and supervision shall ensure that only qualified
persons will service the electrical installation.
 An insulation monitoring device shall be installed to indicate the occurrence of a first
earth fault in any phase conductor and, where applicable, any neutral conductor. Rig
maintenance and operational procedures shall ensure that a first earth fault is

Revision:6.0
eliminated as quickly as possible. The electrical system shall be designed and installed
so that a second earth fault, occurring after a standing first earth fault, is automatically
disconnected from the power system within five seconds, using the nominal
characteristics of the protective devices. Neutral conductors shall be protected by
overcurrent protection devices.
 Socket outlets for portable electrical tools and appliances shall have a protective earth
conductor.
2.2.9.2 Electrical Supply System to Rig Offices

The electrical subsystem which supplies the rig offices, shall comply with the
requirements for TN-S systems as detailed in IEC 60364-4-41.
 The neutral conductor at each source of supply, i.e., step-down transformer, shall be
earthed by means of earth electrodes which have a direct, low impedance connection
to the main earth grid.
 These earth electrodes shall be installed in the vicinity of the source of supply and
shall have a resistance to earth in compliance with the requirements specified in SP-
1112
2.2.9.3 Earth Grid

 The drilling rig and the office units shall have a common earth grid which is
earthed by means of at least two separate earth electrodes or groups of earth
electrodes.
 The resistance between the common earth grid and the general mass of earth
shall not exceed 4  if any one earth electrode or group of earth electrodes is
disconnected.
 Earth electrodes shall be reliably installed in areas with restricted access.
 Two methods of forming the earth grid shall be acceptable:
1. The earth grid extends throughout the installation in the form of a continuous
main earth ring, consisting of main earth conductors only. Each main skid and
trailer shall be bonded to the main earthing grid by two branch conductors at two
different points.
2. The earth grid extends throughout the installation in the form of a main earth
ring, whereby the frames of each main skid and trailer are integrated into the ring
by main earth conductors between the skids and/or trailers.
 Main earth ring conductors and branch interconnection cables shall be either
PVC yellow-green sheathed type with a conductor cross section of at least 50
mm² or heavy duty flexible type with a conductor cross-sectional area of at least
35 mm². The latter type shall be marked yellow-green at both ends.
2.2.9.4 Existing Wells

The earthing arrangement at existing wells shall comply with the requirements,
specified in SP-1112. If suitable, the well casing may be used to replace the earth
electrodes, provided:
 The main earth ring is at two diametrically opposite terminals connected to the
casing (refer Standard Drawing No: STD.4.0321.001).
 The terminations and earth conductors are protected against physical damage.
 The resistance between the well casing and the general mass of earth shall not
exceed 4.

Revision:6.0
 Well casings with impressed current for cathodic protection are unsuitable for use
as earthing electrodes. Refer to Standard Drawing No: STD.4.0321.001 for a
typical arrangement.
2.2.9.5 New Wells

 If it is intended to use the well casing as an earth electrode, it is acceptable to
operate the electrical system with only one earth electrode until the well casing is
connected to the earth grid. Refer to Section 2.4.2 above and standard drawings.
 It is acceptable to use the existing well earthing system for new wells, provided
that the distance between both are not more than 200mtrs. and the minimum
earth resistance value is not more than 4 ohms. The connection must be properly
secured by crimping the new well earth cable to the existing well earth
connection.
 Interconnecting earth cable shall be consistent with SP-1112 and installed in
accordance with Standard Drawing No: STD.4.0102.001
2.2.9.6 Equipment Bonding

 The metal enclosures of any fixed electrical equipment which is not directly
welded to a skid, shall be bonded to the skid by a bonding strap having a
minimum conductor cross section of 25 mm², regardless the method of electrical
system earthing (IT or TN-S).

Revision:6.0
3 APPENDICES
Appendix 1: GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

The following terms and abbreviations used in this document, are defined below:
General Terminology
SHALL [PS] The capitalised term SHALL [PS] indicates a process safety
requirement.
Shall - The word 'shall' is to be understood as mandatory.
Should - The word 'should' is to be understood as strongly recommended.
May - The word 'may' is to be understood as indicating a possible

course of action.
The Company - Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C. Muscat, Sultanate of

Oman.
User - A specified engineer or Consultant who applies these Standards

in the execution of PDO project.
The Company A person appointed from time to time by the Company, having
Representative - the functions set forth in Article 2 of General Conditions for
Construction Works, and whose authority shall be notified in
writing to the Contractor by the Company.
The Consultant - The party to the contract with the Company who is responsible
for providing the design, engineering and other related
consultancy services under the contract.
The Contractor - The party to the Contract with the Company who is responsible
for the construction and other related works specified in the
contract. On occasion, for example in 'EPC contracts' the
contractor may be responsible for design, engineering,
manufacture, shipment, supply, installation, testing,
commissioning and performance guarantee up to the defects
liability period as defined in the individual contract.
Manufacturer - The party responsible for the manufacture of equipment and

services to perform the duties specified by the Consultant or
Company.
Vendor/Supplier - A party responsible for the supply of equipment, materials or

product-related services in accordance with the Purchase Order
issued by PDO or its nominated Purchasing Office.
Works - All Works to be executed and all services to be rendered by a

Contractor under the terms of a Contract.
Worksite - A defined place designated by the Company whereat all Works

and services shall be executed by a Contractor under a
Contract.

Revision:6.0
SP USER-COMMENT FORM
SP User-Comment Form
If you find something that is incorrect, ambiguous or could be better in an SP, write your
comments and suggestions on this form. Send the form to the Document Control Section
(DCS). They make a record of your comment and send the form to the correct CFDH. The
form has spaces for your personal details. This lets DCS or the CFDH ask you about your
comments and tell you about the decision.
SP Details Title Issue Date:

Number:
Page number: Heading Number: Figure Number:
Comments:
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SP-1109 Earthing and Bonding Rev 6.0 Oct 2018

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SP-1109 Earthing and Bonding Rev 6.0 Oct 2018

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Revision:6.

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

Document Type Specification

Issue Date October-18

Page 1 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

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Page 2 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

Document Authority Document Custodian Document Reviewer

Page 3 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

iii Revision History

Version No. Date Author Scope / Remarks

iv Related Business Processes

v Related Corporate Management System (CMS) Documents

Code Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF) Document

Page 4 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

Page 5 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

1.1 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES

1.1.1 PDO Standards

1.1.2 SIOP/SIEP Standards

1.1.3 International Standards

1.2 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS

Page 6 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

2.2 EARTHING SYSTEM DESIGN

2.2.1 General requirements

Page 7 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

 Be mechanically robust and/or protected against mechanical damage and theft.

2.2.2 Design requirements

Page 8 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

Figure 1. : CT Installed on single core armoured cable

2.2.3 Recommended Values of Earth Resistance

 Resistance to Earth should be as low as possible but practical and economical

EARTHING APPLICATION EARTH

 When the earthing/grounding or bonding is provided by an entirely metallic path

Page 9 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

2.2.4 Artificial Method of Reducing Earth Resistivity

2.2.5 Sizing of earthing conductors

PURPOSE OF EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE (mm²) REMARKS

Page 10 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

PURPOSE OF EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE (mm²) REMARKS

2.2.6 Earthing cables connections

Page 11 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

2.2.7 Earthing for camps

2.2.7.1 Earthing cables

2.2.7.2 Earthing and Bonding

Page 12 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

2.2.7.3 System Testing

2.2.8 Temporary electrical supply for construction and maintenance work

2.2.9 Earthing for Drilling Rig

2.2.9.1 Power Generation and Distribution

Page 13 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

2.2.9.2 Electrical Supply System to Rig Offices

2.2.9.3 Earth Grid

2.2.9.4 Existing Wells

Page 14 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

2.2.9.5 New Wells

2.2.9.6 Equipment Bonding

Page 15 SP-1109 Specification for Earthing and Bonding Printed 30/10/18

Appendix 1: GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Should - The word 'should' is to be understood as strongly recommended.

May - The word 'may' is to be understood as indicating a possible

The Company - Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C. Muscat, Sultanate of

User - A specified engineer or Consultant who applies these Standards

Manufacturer - The party responsible for the manufacture of equipment and